Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642787622
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing by : Laszlo Urban

Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing written by Laszlo Urban and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research field of somatosensory processing in mammals has experienced revolutionary changes in recent years. Accumulation of basic and clinical data has greatly accelerated, and new phenomena have emerged. With the aid of new, refined methods, molecular and cellular changes have been described, underlying the signal transduction-transmission between the internal/external environment and the central nervous system have been described. The discovery of the interaction between the nervous and the immune system has, for example changed our view on the development of inflammatory diseases, while the cloning of genes encoding different trophic factors has boosted studies revealing profound changes in the regeneration of neurons, and induction of changes in phenotype. The study of the pre-and postsynaptic modulation of transmitter release, and the examination of the combined effects of amino acid and peptide transmitters has become recently possible by using cultured cell lines and in vitro techniques. Although it is in embryonic state, computational properties of single DRG cells under normal and pathological conditions are being investigated. Results soon or later will have a great impact on pain research and consequently ultimately in clinical pain management. This brief introduction indicates how our knowledge of the somatosensory system has increased dramatically recently. However, many investigators cultivate only a very specific field in the growing area of somatosensory research and find it difficult to integrate a more universal knowledge of their work.

Cellular Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Sensory Integration in the Rat Whisker System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (244 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Sensory Integration in the Rat Whisker System by : Michael James Higley

Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Sensory Integration in the Rat Whisker System written by Michael James Higley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cellular Mechanisms of Injury and Regeneration of Isolated Aplysia Sensory Neurons in Culture

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Injury and Regeneration of Isolated Aplysia Sensory Neurons in Culture by : Supinder Sing Bedi

Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Injury and Regeneration of Isolated Aplysia Sensory Neurons in Culture written by Supinder Sing Bedi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neuromorphic Olfaction

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439871728
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromorphic Olfaction by : Krishna C. Persaud

Download or read book Neuromorphic Olfaction written by Krishna C. Persaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p

Cellular Mechanisms of Startle Response

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Startle Response by : Stefanie Rachel Walker

Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Startle Response written by Stefanie Rachel Walker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important decisions an organism can make is how it will respond to a potential predator. One of the more studied mechanisms of startle response is in teleost fish and amphibians, which is mediated by a pair of neurons known as the Mauthner cells (M-cells). These M-cells are responsible for the left and right turning in response to potentially dangerous stimuli, via linking sensory processing in the brain to motor output in the spinal cord. In this study, I explore the properties of the local field potentials (LFPs) generated by the M-cell and its surrounding inputs to better understand the cellular mechanisms of the startle response. In particular, I identified what components of the LFP were consistent across brains, and then pharmacologically blocked different synaptic receptors to determine the nature and origin of LFP components. The results of this study yielded four notable findings: (1) in addition to chemical transmission, electrical signals are responsible for part of the main excitatory component of the LFP; (2) there is an early excitatory component that is entirely pre-synaptic; (3) the NMDA receptors of this network contribute to the timing and efficiency of the main spiking component; (4) there are potentially additional excitatory inputs contributing to the latter excitation of the LFP. The results of this study can be used as a foundation for further exploration of the M-Cell system in Xenopus tadpoles.

Transduction and Cellular Mechanism in Sensory Receptors

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080861997
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Transduction and Cellular Mechanism in Sensory Receptors by :

Download or read book Transduction and Cellular Mechanism in Sensory Receptors written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transduction and Cellular Mechanism in Sensory Receptors

Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461500370
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord by : William D. Willis Jr.

Download or read book Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord written by William D. Willis Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this monograph continues to have the goal of providing an overview of current thought about the spinal cord mechanisms that are responsible for sensory processing. We hope that the book is of value to both basic and clinical neuroscientists. Several changes have been made in the presentation, as well as additions because of the research advances that have been made during the past decade. Chapters 3 and 4 in the previous edition have been subdivided, and now the morphology of primary afferent neu rons of the dorsal root ganglia is described in Chapter 3 and the chemical neuroanatomy 4. The description of the dorsal hom in the previous Chapter 4 of these neurons in Chapter is now included in Chapter 5, and the chemical neuroanatomy of the dorsal hom in Chapter 6. Furthermore, discussions of the descending control systems have now been of Chapter 12. consolidated at the end The authors would like to express their appreciation for the help provided by several individuals. R.E.C. wishes to acknowledge the many things he learned about primary afferent neurons from conversations with Dr S. N. Lawson. He also thanks Lyn Shilling for her assistance with the typing. WDW thanks Dr Nada Lawand for her critical reading of parts of the manuscript, Rosaline Leigh for help with the manuscript, and Griselda Gonzales for preparing the illustrations.

Cellular and Circuit Mechanisms of Network Responses in Auditory Cortex

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular and Circuit Mechanisms of Network Responses in Auditory Cortex by :

Download or read book Cellular and Circuit Mechanisms of Network Responses in Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern study of sensory processing at the cellular and circuit level has shifted focus toward operation within complex networks. The ways in which cortical network activity shapes responses to sensory stimuli is crucial to understanding aberrant cortical processing, as occurs in autism, schizophrenia, tinnitus, and delirium, as well as understanding the mechanisms of loss of consciousness in sleep and anesthesia. In this thesis, I investigate the circuitry underlying network responses to afferent input in auditory cortex. In the first section of the thesis, I focus on epidural recordings of cortical responses to sensory stimuli and challenge the idea that "evoked" activity driven by sensory stimulation is fundamentally separate from "induced" activity generated intrinsically or from phase reset of ongoing oscillations. Instead, variable network responses can explain changes in all three measures. Second, I study the engagement of different auditory cortical layers in response to input from thalamus in auditory thalamocortical brain slices. I show that there is a discordance between anatomical patterns of thalamocortical/interlaminar connectivity and the sequence in which cortical layers are activated. These results support a model of cortical processing in which spiking in the entire column depends on recurrent "UP state" activity. Finally, I study the contribution of specific populations of inhibitory interneurons to cortical network activity. I show that parvalbumin-positive cells affect the onset of network activity in infragranular layers and inhibit the spread of activity to supragranular layers, while somatostatin-positive cells contribute to terminating network activity. The latter effect may be a specialization of auditory cortex, where network events are brief compared to other cortical areas. These results emphasize the importance of intrinsic cortical activity in determining signal flow during sensory processing. The response properties of cortical networks may be poorly predicted from the features of individual synapses and cells, and emergent network properties may dominate the encoding of sensory features and integration of intrinsic and extrinsic information sources. Future experiments will elucidate the details of these population coding strategies and integrative processes, and their regulation by cortical inhibition and exogenous pharmaceutical agents

Cellular Signal Processing

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Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 1351677217
Total Pages : 982 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular Signal Processing by : Friedrich Marks

Download or read book Cellular Signal Processing written by Friedrich Marks and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2017-05-17 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular Signal Processing offers a unifying view of cell signaling based on the concept that protein interactions act as sophisticated data processing networks that govern intracellular and extracellular communication. It is intended for use in signal transduction courses for undergraduate and graduate students working in biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and pharmacology, as well as medical students. The text is organized by three key topics central to signal transduction: the protein network, its energy supply, and its evolution. It covers all important aspects of cell signaling, ranging from prokaryotic signal transduction to neuronal signaling, and also highlights the clinical aspects of cell signaling in health and disease. This new edition includes expanded coverage of prokaryotes, as well as content on new developments in systems biology, epigenetics, redox signaling, and small, non-coding RNA signaling.

The Sensory Hand

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674019744
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sensory Hand by : Vernon B. Mountcastle

Download or read book The Sensory Hand written by Vernon B. Mountcastle and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vernon Mountcastle has devoted his career to studying the neurophysiology of sensation in the hand. In The Sensory Hand he provides an astonishingly comprehensive account of the neural underpinnings of the rich and complex tactile experiences evoked by stimulation of the hand.

Anatomy and Physiology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172807
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanisms Underlying State-dependent Modulation of Cortical Activity

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (882 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying State-dependent Modulation of Cortical Activity by : Sergio E. Arroyo

Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying State-dependent Modulation of Cortical Activity written by Sergio E. Arroyo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processing of information in cortical circuits is dynamic and varies widely across behavioral and cognitive states. In the cortex, sensory information from the periphery is transformed by a combination of local recurrent connections, interactions with other cortical areas, and inputs from several ascending neuromodulatory systems. However, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying state-dependent modulation of cortical circuits remain poorly understood. Here, I describe two approaches to address this question: an in vitro approach to study the impact of cholinergic signaling on cortical circuits, and an in vivo approach to investigate cellular mechanisms underlying modulation of visual responses in the awake, behaving mouse. Many lines of evidence suggest that the cholinergic system plays an important role in coordinating many large-scale changes in brain activity associated with behavioral state. To investigate how activation of cholinergic axons modulates cortical circuits, we developed methods to transduce cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain with channelrhodopsin-2. This approach allowed us to selectively activate cholinergic terminals in the cortex in vitro and study (1) the cortical cell-types targeted by cholinergic axons and (2) the kinetics and synaptic properties of cholinergic signaling. To study the cellular mechanisms underlying state-dependent modulation of visual responses, we obtained whole-cell recordings from visual cortical neurons in the awake, behaving mouse. We characterized two cortical network states that were tightly correlated with distinct wakeful behavioral states: quiet wakefulness and locomotion. We demonstrated that subthreshold responses to visual stimulation were larger and more reliable during locomotion due to an increase in excitatory and inhibitory conductances and a shift in the stimulus-evoked reversal potential. Furthermore, by obtaining two simultaneous whole-cell recordings from visual cortical neurons, we were able to measure how correlated subthreshold activity was modulated by behavioral state and the patterns of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs that generate these correlations. Together, these experiments provide insight into the cellular mechanisms that underlie state-dependent changes in cortical activity, sensory processing, and behavior.

Sensory Processing, Perception, and Behavior

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Sensory Processing, Perception, and Behavior by : Robert Burr Livingston

Download or read book Sensory Processing, Perception, and Behavior written by Robert Burr Livingston and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comprehensive Human Physiology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642609465
Total Pages : 2478 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Human Physiology by : Rainer Greger

Download or read book Comprehensive Human Physiology written by Rainer Greger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 2478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Human Physiology is a significantly important publication on physiology, presenting state-of-the-art knowledge about both the molecular mechanisms and the integrative regulation of body functions. This is the first time that such a broad range of perspectives on physiology have been combined to provide a unified overview of the field. This groundbreaking two-volume set reveals human physiology to be a highly dynamic science rooted in the ever-continuing process of learning more about life. Each chapter contains a wealth of original data, clear illustrations, and extensive references, making this a valuable and easy-to-use reference. This is the quintessential reference work in the fields of physiology and pathophysiology, essential reading for researchers, lecturers and advanced students.

Discovering the Brain

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Itch

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466505435
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Itch by : E. Carstens

Download or read book Itch written by E. Carstens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.

Vertebrate Hair Cells

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387317066
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Vertebrate Hair Cells by : Ruth Eatock

Download or read book Vertebrate Hair Cells written by Ruth Eatock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of compreh- sive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory - search. The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in ?elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer-reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.