Cells And Biomaterials For Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

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Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Author : Sibylle Grad
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031025806
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by : Sibylle Grad

Download or read book Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration written by Sibylle Grad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disorders related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) are common causes of morbidity and of severe life quality deterioration. IVD degeneration, although in many cases asymptomatic, is often the origin of painful neck and back diseases. In Western societies IVD related pain and disability account for enormous health care costs as a result of work absenteeism and thus lost production, disability benefits, medical and insurance expenses. Although only a small percentage of patients with disc disorders finally will undergo surgery, spinal surgery has been one of the fastest growing disciplines in the musculoskeletal field in recent years. Nevertheless, current treatment options are still a matter of controversial discussion. In particular, they hardly can restore normal spine biomechanics and prevent degeneration of adjacent tissues. While degeneration affects all areas of the IVD, the most constant and noticeable changes occur in the gel-like central part, the nucleus pulposus (NP). Recent emphasis has therefore been put in biological ways to regenerate the NP; however, there are a number of obstacles to overcome, considering the exceptional biological and biomechanical environment of this tissue. Different biological approaches such as molecular, gene, and cell based therapies have been investigated and have shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nonetheless, considerable hurdles still exist in their application for IVD regeneration in human patients. The choice of the cells and the choice of the cell carrier suitable for implantation pose major challenges for research and development activities. This lecture recapitulates the basics of IVD structure, function, and degeneration mechanisms. The first part reviews the recent progress in the field of disc and stem cell based regenerative approaches. In the second part, most appropriate biomaterials that have been evaluated as cell or molecule carrier to cope with degenerative disc disease are outlined. The potential and limitations of cell- and biomaterial-based treatment strategies and perspectives for future clinical applications are discussed. Table of Contents: Cell Therapy for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration / Recent Advances in Biomaterial Based Tissue Engineering for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Author : Sibylle Grad
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608454649
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by : Sibylle Grad

Download or read book Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration written by Sibylle Grad and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disorders related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) are common causes of morbidity and of severe life quality deterioration. IVD degeneration, although in many cases asymptomatic, is often the origin of painful neck and back diseases. In Western societies IVD related pain and disability account for enormous health care costs as a result of work absenteeism and thus lost production, disability benefits, medical and insurance expenses. Although only a small percentage of patients with disc disorders finally will undergo surgery, spinal surgery has been one of the fastest growing disciplines in the musculoskeletal field in recent years. Nevertheless, current treatment options are still a matter of controversial discussion. In particular, they hardly can restore normal spine biomechanics and prevent degeneration of adjacent tissues. While degeneration affects all areas of the IVD, the most constant and noticeable changes occur in the gel-like central part, the nucleus pulposus (NP). Recent emphasis has therefore been put in biological ways to regenerate the NP; however, there are a number of obstacles to overcome, considering the exceptional biological and biomechanical environment of this tissue. Different biological approaches such as molecular, gene, and cell based therapies have been investigated and have shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nonetheless, considerable hurdles still exist in their application for IVD regeneration in human patients. The choice of the cells and the choice of the cell carrier suitable for implantation pose major challenges for research and development activities. This lecture recapitulates the basics of IVD structure, function, and degeneration mechanisms. The first part reviews the recent progress in the field of disc and stem cell based regenerative approaches. In the second part, most appropriate biomaterials that have been evaluated as cell or molecule carrier to cope with degenerative disc disease are outlined. The potential and limitations of cell- and biomaterial-based treatment strategies and perspectives for future clinical applications are discussed. Table of Contents: Cell Therapy for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration / Recent Advances in Biomaterial Based Tissue Engineering for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Biomaterials for Spinal Surgery

Author : Luigi Ambrosio
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857096192
Total Pages : 645 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomaterials for Spinal Surgery by : Luigi Ambrosio

Download or read book Biomaterials for Spinal Surgery written by Luigi Ambrosio and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been important developments in materials and therapies for the treatment of spinal conditions. Biomaterials for spinal surgery summarises this research and how it is being applied for the benefit of patients.After an introduction to the subject, part one reviews fundamental issues such as spinal conditions and their pathologies, spinal loads, modelling and osteobiologic agents in spinal surgery. Part two discusses the use of bone substitutes and artificial intervertebral discs whilst part three covers topics such as the use of injectable biomaterials like calcium phosphate for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty as well as scoliosis implants. The final part of the book summarises developments in regenerative therapies such as the use of stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Biomaterials for spinal surgery is a standard reference for both those developing new biomaterials and therapies for spinal surgery and those using them in clinical practice. - Summarises recent developments in materials and therapies for the treatment of spinal conditions and examines how it is being applied for the benefit of patients - Reviews fundamental issues such as spinal conditions and their pathologies, spinal loads, modelling and osteobiologic agents in spinal surgery - Discusses the use of bone substitutes and artificial intervertebral discs and covers topics such as the use of injectable biomaterials like calcium phosphate for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

Tissue Engineering For Degenerative Intervertebral Discs

Author : Jun Zou
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813238585
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Tissue Engineering For Degenerative Intervertebral Discs by : Jun Zou

Download or read book Tissue Engineering For Degenerative Intervertebral Discs written by Jun Zou and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain is a common disorder in the clinical treatment of the Department of Orthopedics. Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is a main reason for the chronic pain and the process is difficult to reverse. Traditional treatment methods include conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Although the clinical symptoms caused by intervertebral disc degeneration can be alleviated to a certain extent, these treatment methods do not solve the fundamental issues and they also produce corresponding complications. The rise of tissue engineering technology and its applications in different fields have brought new ideas for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as more recent developments in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering technology and offers an alternative for treating degeneration of intervertebral discs.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author : Phuc Van Pham
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535136151
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Mesenchymal Stem Cells by : Phuc Van Pham

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Phuc Van Pham and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications thoroughly presents the isolation, characterization, and some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinic. The book has two parts: "Isolation and Characterization" and "Clinical Perspectives and Applications." In Part I, the subsequent chapters introduce some techniques in isolation, characterization, and purification of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. In Part II, some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the popular diseases, which include cartilage regeneration, spinal cord injury, and osteoarthritis, are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of mesenchymal stem cells for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers.

Biological Approaches to Spinal Disc Repair and Regeneration for Clinicians

Author : Roger Hartl
Publisher : Thieme
ISBN 13 : 1638531501
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (385 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Approaches to Spinal Disc Repair and Regeneration for Clinicians by : Roger Hartl

Download or read book Biological Approaches to Spinal Disc Repair and Regeneration for Clinicians written by Roger Hartl and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top Experts Share Clinical Insights on Biological Interventions for Spine-Related Disease Although there have been significant advancements in minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques in the last few decades, optimal outcomes for chronic low back pain remain elusive. A number of promising clinical trials have been conducted using tissue engineering and biological interventions for disc degeneration. Written by renowned innovators, this is the first book that covers implementation of these groundbreaking approaches for disc disease. The text begins with key fundamentals including anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, imaging and biomechanics to delineate healthy versus diseased spine. Subsequent sections discuss treatment strategies, research findings, and future developments. Throughout each chapter, renowned spine surgeons and scientists share clinical pearls gleaned from hands-on experience. Key Highlights The current state of the art in biological and tissue engineering procedures for spinal disorders Treatment methodologies including nucleus replacement and repair, annulus fibrosus repair, total disc transplantation, and mechanical total disc replacement Innovative treatment strategies for disc regeneration, such as genes and proteins Growth factors including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which has shown promise for the stimulation and acceleration of bone and soft tissue healing Cell-based therapy for spinal disc regeneration and repair including the use of stem cells and chondrocytes In-depth discussion of research including animal versus human model, in-vitro, and a summary of biologic clinical trials This is a must-have resource for trainee and practicing orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons who treat patients for spine-related conditions. It is essential reading for all clinicians who have an interest in cutting-edge tissue engineering and biological treatment interventions.

The Intervertebral Disc

Author : Irving M. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709115353
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Intervertebral Disc by : Irving M. Shapiro

Download or read book The Intervertebral Disc written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc is a complex structure that separates opposing vertebrae, permits a wide range of motion, and accommodates high biomechanical forces. Disc degeneration leads to a loss of function and is often associated with excruciating pain. Written by leading scientists and clinicians, the first part of the book provides a review of the basic biology of the disc in health and disease. The second part considers strategies to mitigate the effects of disc degeneration and discusses the possibility of engineering replacement tissues. The final section is devoted to approaches to model normal development and elucidate the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease using animal, organ and cell culture techniques. The book bridges the gap between the basic and clinical sciences; the target audience includes basic scientists, orthopaedists and neurologists, while at the same time appealing to the needs of graduate students, medical students, interns and fellows.

Handbook of Spine Technology

Author : Boyle C. Cheng
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319444239
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (442 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Spine Technology by : Boyle C. Cheng

Download or read book Handbook of Spine Technology written by Boyle C. Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the most authoritative and up-to-date reference on spine technology written for practitioners, researchers, and students in bioengineering and clinical medicine. It is the first resource to provide a road map of both the history of the field and its future by documenting the poor clinical outcomes and failed spinal implants that contributed to problematic patient outcomes, as well as the technologies that are currently leading the way towards positive clinical outcomes. The contributors are leading authorities in the fields of engineering and clinical medicine and represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies. The chapters are split into five sections, with the first addressing clinical issues such as anatomy, pathology, oncology, trauma, diagnosis, and imaging studies. The second section, on biomechanics, delves into fixation devices, the bone implant interface, total disc replacements, injury mechanics, and more. The last three sections, on technology, are divided into materials, commercialized products, and surgery. All appropriate chapters will be continually updated and available on the publisher’s website, in order to keep this important reference as up-to-date as possible in a fast-moving field.

Engineering Nucleus Pulposus Cell-matrix Interactions with Laminin Ligands for Tissue Regeneration

Author : Julie Elizabeth Speer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Nucleus Pulposus Cell-matrix Interactions with Laminin Ligands for Tissue Regeneration by : Julie Elizabeth Speer

Download or read book Engineering Nucleus Pulposus Cell-matrix Interactions with Laminin Ligands for Tissue Regeneration written by Julie Elizabeth Speer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain and degenerative conditions of the intervertebral disc (IVD) represent major global socioeconomic and medical burdens. The structures that comprise the IVD including the anulus fibrosis and the nucleus pulposus (NP) work together to stabilize the axial skeleton and distribute mechanical forces. However, the degenerative cascade, which is thought to begin with changes to the NP, results in alterations to the disc that can be seen across length scales including elongated cell shapes, tissue dehydration, and loss of disc height. Patients who present clinically with these changes may also experience altered biomechanics, pain upon motion, impairments to their physical function, or associated disabilities. The NP has a limited intrinsic ability for repair, and therefore, biomaterial strategies are of interest as disease modifying, therapeutic options for repairing the tissue and delivering cell sources to defect sites. Cells, including NP cells, are able to sense and respond to cues from both native and engineered microenvironments. As a function of IVD degeneration and with the stiffening of the surrounding extracellular matrix, NP cells shift from an anabolic to a catabolic state and concomitantly become more elongated, lose their characteristic vacuoles, and demonstrate altered gene expression profiles. Previous studies have demonstrated an ability for laminin-presenting hydrogels to promote NP cells to assume behaviors characteristic of the juvenile phenotype including robust clustering of rounded cells, biosynthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans amongst other extracellular matrix proteins, and expression of NP cell phenotypic markers. While these effects have previously been observed, the mechanisms underlying the NP cell-laminin interactions have remained unclear. Understanding the interactions between NP cells and laminins provides insights into the mechanobiology of degenerative NP cells and can be used to inform the design of biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration. The studies presented in this dissertation aimed to elucidate the integrin subunits which facilitate the interactions between laminin-presenting biomaterials and degenerative human NP cells and the role of integrins in modulating NP cell behaviors. The results demonstrate that integrin [alpha]3 is a primary mediator of NP cell interactions to full-length laminin and that blocking this integrin subunit reduces intracellular signaling, biosynthesis, expression of NP cell markers, and promotes altered cytoskeletal organization. Integrin subunits were also shown to mediate cell attachment to a library of hydrogels formulated by conjugating laminin-mimetic peptides to a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) backbone. Data presented herein also demonstrate that stiff (10.5 kPa) peptide-functionalized hydrogels were able to promote similar cell behaviors as soft (0.3 kPa) PEG gels presenting full-length laminin. This finding indicates that biomaterials can be formulated that leverage the advantages of both short peptides (controlled sites of cellular interaction and economic value) and stiff in situ forming hydrogels (improved injection and mechanical properties, no UV crosslinking) while eliciting similar effects as soft gels made with the full-length protein. Furthermore, culture on a PEG-peptide gel induced global transcriptomic changes in degenerative NP cells including an upregulation of genes associated with notochordal morphogenesis and a concomitant downregulation of genes related to cell cycle progression and cellular contractility. Overall, this dissertation serves to identify the integrin subunits by which NP cells interact with laminin-presenting substrates and the signaling pathways that transduce cues from the extracellular microenvironment to regulate cell behaviors and drive the juvenile NP cell phenotype. Additionally, the results of both mechanistic and exploratory studies characterize clinically relevant biomaterials which could be utilized to deliver cells to the degenerative disc space and to promote tissue regeneration and reversal of pathology.

Advances In Tissue Engineering

Author : Julia M Polak
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1908978902
Total Pages : 947 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances In Tissue Engineering by : Julia M Polak

Download or read book Advances In Tissue Engineering written by Julia M Polak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Engineering is a unique volume and the first of its kind to bring together leading names in the field of tissue engineering and stem cell research. A relatively young science, tissue engineering can be seen in both scientific and sociological contexts and successes in the field are now leading to clinical reality. This book attempts to define the path from basic science to practical application. A contribution from the UK Stem Cell Bank and opinions of venture capitalists offer a variety of viewpoints, and exciting new areas of stem cell biology are highlighted. With over fifty stellar contributors, this book presents the most up-to-date information in this very topical and exciting field./a

Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

Author : Benjamin Gantenbein
Publisher : Mdpi AG
ISBN 13 : 9783036527543
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by : Benjamin Gantenbein

Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Regeneration written by Benjamin Gantenbein and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a brief snapshot of recent research on the subject of intervertebral disc degeneration and how this specific organ could be regenerated. It provides stimuli to the reader in representing research from different angles in this cross-disciplinary field of spine surgeons, mechanical engineers and biologists. In particular, it is instructive as to how disc herniations could be successfully induced in vitro and, also, to how novel cell-based therapies using rare autochthonous stem cells could potentially be used in the future.

Gene and Cell Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Author : Raquel Madeira Gonçalves
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351030167
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Gene and Cell Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by : Raquel Madeira Gonçalves

Download or read book Gene and Cell Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration written by Raquel Madeira Gonçalves and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the major causes of lower back pain for which the common therapeutic interventions are not efficient. A search for alternative therapies for lower back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration includes cell-based therapies. Unfortunately, intervertebral disc degeneration is avascular and thus a hostile environment for cell survival. Furthermore, cellular characterization in intervertebral disc degeneration, and particularly in the nucleus pulposus, is controversial, mainly due to lack of specific markers and species variability. This book adds to the knowledge on cellular and molecular therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration and associated lower back pain. Key Selling Features: Describes the ontogeny and phenotype of intervertebral disc cells Reviews the role that inflammation plays in disco-genic pain Highlights the types of cells that might be used as sources for treating degenerating intervertebral discs Summarizes current alternative therapies Explores methods for cell delivery into degenerated intervertebral discs

Engineering Stem Cells For Tissue Regeneration

Author : Ngan Huang
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813147768
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Stem Cells For Tissue Regeneration by : Ngan Huang

Download or read book Engineering Stem Cells For Tissue Regeneration written by Ngan Huang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue engineering integrates knowledge and tools from biological sciences and engineering for tissue regeneration. A challenge for tissue engineering is to identify appropriate cell sources. The recent advancement of stem cell biology provides enormous opportunities to engineer stem cells for tissue engineering. The impact of stem cell technology on tissue engineering will be revolutionary.This book covers state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential of stem cells for the regeneration of a wide range of tissues and organs, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological and skin tissues. The technology platforms for studying and engineering stem cells, such as hydrogel and biomaterials development, microfluidics system and microscale patterning, are also illustrated. Regulatory challenges and quality control for clinical translation are also detailed. This book provides an comprehensive update on the advancement in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine, and serves as a valuable resource for both researchers and students.

In Situ Tissue Regeneration

Author : Sang Jin Lee
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012802500X
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis In Situ Tissue Regeneration by : Sang Jin Lee

Download or read book In Situ Tissue Regeneration written by Sang Jin Lee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-17 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Situ Tissue Regeneration: Host Cell Recruitment and Biomaterial Design explores the body's ability to mobilize endogenous stem cells to the site of injury and details the latest strategies developed for inducing and supporting the body's own regenerating capacity. From the perspective of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, this book describes the mechanism of host cell recruitment, cell sourcing, cellular and molecular roles in cell differentiation, navigational cues and niche signals, and a tissue-specific smart biomaterial system that can be applied to a wide range of therapies. The work is divided into four sections to provide a thorough overview and helpful hints for future discoveries: endogenous cell sources; biochemical and physical cues; smart biomaterial development; and applications. - Explores the body's ability to mobilize endogenous stem cells to the site of injury - Details the latest strategies developed for inducing and supporting the body's own regenerating capacity - Presents smart biomaterials in cell-based tissue engineering applications—from the cell level to applications—in the first unified volume - Features chapter authors and editors who are authorities in this emerging field - Prioritizes a discussion of the future direction of smart biomaterials for in situ tissue regeneration, which will affect an emerging and lucrative industry

Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author : Fan Yang
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781374665255
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (652 download)

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Book Synopsis Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells by : Fan Yang

Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Fan Yang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Mouse Model Study" by 楊帆, Fan, Yang, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "Intervertebral disc regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells ─A mouse model study" Submitted by Fan Yang For the degree of Doctor of philosophy At the University of Hong Kong in August, 2007 Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common disease which affects millions of people. The causes of DDD include genetics, injury and smoking; however the underlying pathogenesis of this disease is still not very clear. Lack of the suitable animal models which can truly simulate human DDD is part of the difficulties to study the mechanism of disc degeneration. The biological therapies of DDD include protein therapy, gene therapy and cellular therapy. Compared with other traditional therapeutics, stem cell therapy is a potential regenerative method which could replace the dysfunctional disc cells and restore the function of the intervertebral discs. Some previous studies using large animals have shown that the autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) could be beneficial to the degenerated disc. But the mechanism of this regeneration is still largely unknown. The scanty of molecular tools and markers hindered the research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this project is to investigate whether BMSC could be beneficial to the murine degenerative intervertebral discs. If the regenerative effect was obtained, the molecular mechanism of regeneration will be dissected using available molecular tools. In order to attain this purpose we firstly established a simple mouse tail model of DDD using a puncturing method. The caudal murine discs were punctured with 31G needle under the microscopic guidance. Disc height analysis and histology confirmed the induced degeneration was successful and progressive degenerative process was observed from 1 to 12 weeks after the puncture. The expression of Col2a1, aggrecan and Sox 9 of the whole disc decreased continuously; Col1a1 increased from 1 to 6 weeks and decreased at 12 weeks. All these data supported that this murine model had some similarities with human DDD and could be used for the evaluation of the effect of BMSC. In the next step we injected allogenic BMSC isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse into the degenerated murine discs. The histology and the x-ray analysis showed that the injury induced degenerative process was delayed from 4 to 24 weeks after the injection of the BMSC. The expression of Col2a1, aggrecan and Sox9 increased in the regenerated disc. Type II collagen increased continuously in the regenerated nucleus pulposus. The number of GFP positive cells which express Col2a1 increased during this regeneration process, suggesting that the chondrocytic differentiation of BMSC was involved in this regeneration process. The increased expression of Col2a1 by differentiated stem cells contributes to the regeneration of the intervertebral disc. In conclusion, a simple mouse model of DDD was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BMSC. It was promising to observe that the progressive degeneration was delayed by the injected stem cells. The in vivo chondrocytic differentiation of the BMSC contributes to this structural restoration of the intervertebral discs. The results of this project provided further evidence that in vivo differentiation of the stem cells is an important aspect of the regenerative mechanisms. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3955697 Subjects: Interve

Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by Use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author : Grace Ho
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361207741
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by Use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells by : Grace Ho

Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by Use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Grace Ho and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by Use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells" by Grace, Ho, 何秀慧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of the thesis entitled INTERVERTEBRAL DISC REGENERATION BY USE OF AUTOLOGOUS MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS submitted by Ho Grace for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in February 2005 Intervertebral disc degeneration is prevalent and is often associated with low back pain and reduced productivity. The etiology of this multi-factorial, age-related disease is not well defined. Disc degeneration is characterized by a reduction in cell density and a decreased in both the proteoglycan and water content. The consequent loss of shock- absorbing capacity results in its structural failure and back pain. The current treatments aim at alleviating the pain symptoms without targeting at the underlying problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from the bone marrow and are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types of different lineages. Because of their unique characteristics, MSCs may be able to repopulate an aging disc population and halt disc degeneration when placed in a local niche that induce the differentiation of MSCs into disc-like cells and secrete disc-like extracellular matrix components. In a pilot study, I demonstrated the persistence of MSCs throughout the three disc compartments (the nucleus pulposus, the annulus fibrosus and the endplate) 12 weeks post-implantation. The MSCs intermingled with endogenous host cells, displaying similar cell morphology and surrounding extracellular matrix composition. To determine the effectiveness of MSCs in treating disc degeneration, a slowly progressive and reproducible animal model of disc degeneration was developed by puncturing the annulus fibrosus percutaneously. By semi-quantitative histological analysis, it was observed that MSCs were able to halt or retard degeneration of the more severely degenerated discs. The data further suggests that the regenerative potential of the MSCs is dependent on the severity of disc degeneration. Radiological analysis suggests that intervertebral disc height, an important consequence of disc degeneration, can be maintained simply by the insertion of a gelatin scaffold, whereas MSCs alone appears to be unable to secrete sufficient matrix to restore this height. Although the collagen-rich scaffold, by itself, was unable to reconstitute the extracellular matrix composition of the disc. Taken together, our experiments suggest that for the best regenerative potential, both cells and scaffold are likely required. An ideal scaffold should allow the restoration of the delicate balance of proteoglycan and collagen content, apart from providing mechanical properties and cell anchorage. Besides demonstrating that the direct MSCs therapy is highly feasible, these observations have profound impact on their application to treat intervertebral disc degeneration in human patients. The timing of stem cell therapy becomes very critical. The degree of the disc degeneration and the type of scaffolds that warrants the best results from the stem cell-based therapy would have to be further investigated. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3154161 Subjects: Stem cells Intervertebral disk - Diseases - Treatment

Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord

Author : Rahul Jandial
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461440904
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord by : Rahul Jandial

Download or read book Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord written by Rahul Jandial and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-13 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Editors hope that Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord appeals to the nostalgic sentiments of investigators and intellectuals in that it can be held in hand and provide a broad survey of leading edge science. At the same time its chapters can be digitally acquired for those established in the field to refine particular knowledge interests or gaps. Most importantly, we ask the reader, whomever that may be, to peruse without prejudice as countless more chapters will have been written before total spinal regeneration is achieved.