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Catastrophe Risk Financing In Developing Countries
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Book Synopsis Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries by : J. David Cummins
Download or read book Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries written by J. David Cummins and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries' provides a detailed analysis of the imperfections and inefficiencies that impede the emergence of competitive catastrophe risk markets in developing countries. The book demonstrates how donors and international financial institutions can assist governments in middle- and low-income countries in promoting effective and affordable catastrophe risk financing solutions. The authors present guiding principles on how and when governments, with assistance from donors and international financial institutions, should intervene in catastrophe insurance markets. They also identify key activities to be undertaken by donors and institutions that would allow middle- and low-income countries to develop competitive and cost-effective catastrophe risk financing strategies at both the macro (government) and micro (household) levels. These principles and activities are expected to inform good practices and ensure desirable results in catastrophe insurance projects. 'Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries' offers valuable advice and guidelines to policy makers and insurance practitioners involved in the development of catastrophe insurance programs in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Insurance by : Eugene N. Gurenko
Download or read book Climate Change and Insurance written by Eugene N. Gurenko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change brings about a new set of major economic risks arising from changing weather patterns, extreme weather events and rising sea levels. Most at risk are developing countries who, despite considerable post-disaster donor aid, have been bearing the major brunt of disaster-related losses. One adaptation solution that is rapidly gaining the support of countries and international donors is a risk transfer to the global reinsurance and capital markets. This volume, a special issue of the journal Climate Policy, explores the role that insurance-based mechanisms can play in helping developing countries prepare for climate change. It offers a unique and comprehensive perspective on the potential role of insurance solutions in global adaptation to climate change and attempts to engender debate on the role of insurance in reducing global emissions and encouraging climate-friendly corporate behaviour.
Book Synopsis Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing by : Francis Ghesquiere
Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing written by Francis Ghesquiere and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.
Book Synopsis Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies by : Alcira Kreimer
Download or read book Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies written by Alcira Kreimer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1999 natural catastrophes and man-made disasters claimed more than 105,000 lives, 95 percent of them in the developing world, and caused economic losses of around US$100 billion. In 1998 the twin disasters of the Yangtze and Hurrican Mitch accounted for two-thirds of the US$65 billion loss. The geographical areas affected may vary, but one constant is that the per capita burden of catastrophic losses is dramatically higher in developing countries. To respond to an increased demand to assist disaster rcovery programmes, the World Bank set up the Disaster Management Facility in 1998, to help provide the Bank with a more rapid and strategic response to disaster emergencies. The DMF focuses on risk identification, risk reduction, and risk sharing/transfer, the three major topics in this volume. The DMF also promotes strategic alliances with key private, government, multilateral and nongovernmental organisations to ensure the inclusion of disaster risk reduction as a central value of development. The most important of these partnerships is the ProVention Consortium, launched in February 2000, based on the premise that we must all take responsibility for making the new millennium a safer one.
Book Synopsis Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Assessing the Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disasters damage and destroy infrastructure and disrupt economic activities and services, potentially delaying long-term development and hampering efforts to reduce poverty in the region. Countries require a strong enabling environment for disaster risk financing to ensure the timely availability of post-disaster funding. This report presents a comprehensive diagnostics tool kit that countries can apply to assess the financial management of disaster risk. The framework examines the state of the enabling environment and provides a basis to enhance financial resilience with insurance and other risk transfer instruments. It incorporates lessons from the country diagnostics assessments for Fiji, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka that made use of the tool kit and methodology.
Book Synopsis Innovation in Disaster Risk Financing for Developing Countries by : Weltbank
Download or read book Innovation in Disaster Risk Financing for Developing Countries written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to advance the dialogue on creative, forward-looking solutions for developing countries by presenting recent innovations on disaster risk financing and insurance developed by the private markets as well as the international donor community, from the macro (government) level down to the micro (household) level. It discusses how these innovations can be adapted and implemented in developing countries to better protect efficiently those countries against the financial consequences of natural disasters. Section one provides an introduction to the economic and fiscal impacts of natural disasters on developing countries. Section two examines examples of innovation in the private insurance and capital markets that may have applications in sovereign disaster risk financing for developing countries. Section three examines how innovations coming out of mature property catastrophe risk insurance (PCRI) markets could serve in low and middle-income countries. Section four considers how innovation is taking seed in creative disaster micro insurance programs in low- and middle-income countries. Section five wraps up the report with brief concluding remarks.
Book Synopsis Financial Management of Flood Risk by : OECD
Download or read book Financial Management of Flood Risk written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disasters present a broad range of human, social, financial, economic and environmental impacts, with potentially long-lasting effects. This report applies the lessons from the OECD’s analysis of disaster risk financing practices and its risk guidance to the specific case of floods.
Book Synopsis The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors propose a financial model to address the design of efficient risk financing strategies against natural disasters at the country level. It is simple enough to shed analytical light on some of the key issues but flexible and realistic enough to provide some quantitative guidance on the ex ante financing of catastrophic losses. The risk financing problem is decomposed into two steps. First, the resource gap, defined as the difference between losses and available ex-post resources (such as post-disaster aid), is identified. It determines the losses to be financed by ex ante financial instruments (reserves, catastrophe insurance, and contingent debt). Second, the cost-minimizing financial arrangements are derived from the marginal costs of the financial instruments. The model is solved through a series of graphical analyses that make this complex financial problem easier to apprehend. This model captures and explains the main impacts of financial parameters (such as insurance premium, cost of capital) on efficient risk financing structures.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Risk Management Against Natural Disasters by : Stefan Hochrainer
Download or read book Macroeconomic Risk Management Against Natural Disasters written by Stefan Hochrainer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stefan Hochrainer develops a catastrophe risk management model. It illustrates which trade-offs and choices a country must make in managing economic risks due to natural disasters. Budgetary resources are allocated to pre-disaster risk management strategies to reduce the probability of financing gaps. The framework and model approach allows cross country comparisons as well as the assessment of financial vulnerability, macroeconomic risk, and risk management strategies. Three case studies demonstrate its flexibility and coherent approach.
Book Synopsis Loss and Damage from Climate Change by : Reinhard Mechler
Download or read book Loss and Damage from Climate Change written by Reinhard Mechler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an authoritative insight on the Loss and Damage discourse by highlighting state-of-the-art research and policy linked to this discourse and articulating its multiple concepts, principles and methods. Written by leading researchers and practitioners, it identifies practical and evidence-based policy options to inform the discourse and climate negotiations. With climate-related risks on the rise and impacts being felt around the globe has come the recognition that climate mitigation and adaptation may not be enough to manage the effects from anthropogenic climate change. This recognition led to the creation of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage in 2013, a climate policy mechanism dedicated to dealing with climate-related effects in highly vulnerable countries that face severe constraints and limits to adaptation. Endorsed in 2015 by the Paris Agreement and effectively considered a third pillar of international climate policy, debate and research on Loss and Damage continues to gain enormous traction. Yet, concepts, methods and tools as well as directions for policy and implementation have remained contested and vague. Suitable for researchers, policy-advisors, practitioners and the interested public, the book furthermore: • discusses the political, legal, economic and institutional dimensions of the issue• highlights normative questions central to the discourse • provides a focus on climate risks and climate risk management. • presents salient case studies from around the world.
Book Synopsis Catastrophe Risk Management by : John D. Pollner
Download or read book Catastrophe Risk Management written by John D. Pollner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In providing support for disaster-prone areas such as the Caribbean, the development community has begun to progress from disaster reconstruction assistance to funding for investment in mitigation as an explicit tool for sustainable development. Now it must enter a new phase, applying risk transfer mechanisms to address the financial risk of exposure to catastrophic events that require funding beyond what can be controlled solely through mitigation and physical measures.
Book Synopsis Catastrophe Risk and Reinsurance by : Eugene N. Gurenko
Download or read book Catastrophe Risk and Reinsurance written by Eugene N. Gurenko and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including the latest invaluable insights into catastrophe reinsurance, this book provides you with a wealth of risk management expertise gained from many of the largest catastrophe risk transfer programmes worldwide.
Book Synopsis Government Support to Agricultural Insurance by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book Government Support to Agricultural Insurance written by Olivier Mahul and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-03-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the support of agricultural (crop and livestock) insurance programs in recent years. In their attempts to design and implement agricultural insurance, they have sought technical and financial assistance from the international community and particularly from the World Bank. One of the recurrent requests from governments regards international experience with agricultural insurance, not only in developed countries, where in some cases agricultural insurance has been offered for more than a century, but also in middleand low-income countries. Governments are particularly interested in the technical, operational, financial, and institutional aspects of public support to agricultural insurance. 'Government Support to Agricultural Insurance' informs public and private decision makers involved in agricultural insurance about recent developments, with a particular focus on middle- and low-income countries. It presents an updated picture of the spectrum of institutional frameworks and experiences with agricultural insurance, ranging from countries in which the public sector provides no support to those in which governments heavily subsidize agricultural insurance. This analysis is based on a survey conducted by the World Bank s agricultural insurance team in 2008 in 65 developed and developing countries. Drawing on the survey results, the book identifies some key roles governments can play to support the development of sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective agricultural insurance programs.
Book Synopsis Natural Disaster Risk Management and Financing Disaster Losses in Developing Countries by : Reinhard Mechler
Download or read book Natural Disaster Risk Management and Financing Disaster Losses in Developing Countries written by Reinhard Mechler and published by Verlag Versicherungswirtschaft. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disasters may cause large economic impacts and impede socioeconomic development in developing countries considerably. Increasingly, risk management, the management of disasters before the actual occurrence of events, is being advocated. Risk financing measures taken by national governments, such as insurance und reinsurance, are important components of a risk management strategy. Often developing countries are not able to finance the costs of relief and reconstruction by their own means and have to rely on the international donor community as their "reinsurer of last resort". The main objective of the book is to establish a platform to provide information on the costs caused by disasters and the costs and benefits of disaster risk management focusing on ex-ante risk financing measures taken governments in developing countries. The final objective is to provide insight into the specific conditions where risk financing may constitute an option that provides net benefits and increases social welfare. The modelling using a stochastic simulation approach incorporates probabilistic information on the direct losses due to natural disasters into a macroeconomic projection model. Outputs are macroeconomic flow impacts such as impacts on GPD. In order to analyze the costs and benefits due to undertaking risk management measures, a Cost-Benefit Analysis approach is employed using the mean-variance method. Two case studies are conducted on countries with different exposures to disaster risk and different economic vulnerabilities: Honduras and Argentina. A major insight derived from the case studies is that under certain conditions risk financing arrangements may decrease the vulnerability to natural hazards resulting in more robust development in developing economics.
Download or read book Earthquake Insurance in Turkey written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The persistent potential for large scale natural disasters has become a real concern for the Turkish government since the late 1990s, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP). Among the main rationale of the creation of the TCIP were a grave government fiscal exposure to natural disasters and a disproportionately low level of catastrophe insurance penetration for such a disaster-prone country. Since the commencement of this program in 2000, the TCIP has provided coverage to more than 2 million households, being by far the largest insurance program in the country. In four years, the TCIP has managed to become one of the most trusted brand names in the Turkish insurance industry, and one of the largest catastrophe insurance pools in the world. Its success has also brought an international recognition, inspiring more than a dozen of countries world wide. The TCIP experience has also been a watershed for the World Bank as it has led to a rethinking of the roles of ex ante risk management relative to ex post donor support. This book presents the main technical imperatives and challenges in the development and the implementation of the TCIP and shows how a public-private partnership may be the way forward in the financing of natural disasters. If offers valuable advise and guidelines to policymakers involved in the development of catastrophe insurance programs.
Book Synopsis The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors propose a financial model to address the design of efficient risk financing strategies against natural disasters at the country level. It is simple enough to shed analytical light on some of the key issues but flexible and realistic enough to provide some quantitative guidance on the ex ante financing of catastrophic losses. The risk financing problem is decomposed into two steps. First, the resource gap, defined as the difference between losses and available ex-post resources (such as post-disaster aid), is identified. It determines the losses to be financed by ex ante financial instruments (reserves, catastrophe insurance, and contingent debt). Second, the cost-minimizing financial arrangements are derived from the marginal costs of the financial instruments. The model is solved through a series of graphical analyses that make this complex financial problem easier to apprehend. This model captures and explains the main impacts of financial parameters (such as insurance premium, cost of capital) on efficient risk financing structures.
