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Carcinogenesis And Mutagenesis Testing
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Book Synopsis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis Testing by : J. F. Douglas
Download or read book Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis Testing written by J. F. Douglas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer has become the most critical health problem in the United States. It is expected that 25% of the people will develop this dread disease, and many of these will die from the malady. The causes of cancer are varied, but the best estimate available is that 70--90% arise from environmental factors. These statistics have triggered widespread governmental action along two lines: (l) An effort to identify those chemicals and conditions that give rise to malignant processes has been mounted by the Carcino genesis Testing Program, the National Cancer Program, and subse quently, the National Toxicology Program. (2) Regulatory laws have been enacted that are administered by agencies such as TSCA, FIFRA, EPA, FDA, OSHA, and so on, whose mission is to minimize public ex posure to carcinogens. Since direct verification that specific chemicals induce cancer in hu of unanticipated expo mans is necessarily limited to known incidences sure and is therefore rare, most chemicals are identified as carcinogens only by laboratory experiments. At present, the only accepted procedure is long-term animal bioassay, and not only are these studies expensive and time-consuming, but current worldwide resources permit the evalua tion of only 300-400 chemicals per year, a miniscule amount compared to what is available in the commercial world: 30,000 existing chemicals, with approximately 700 new such materials being introduced every year.
Book Synopsis Structural Correlates of Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis by : Irvin M. Asher
Download or read book Structural Correlates of Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis written by Irvin M. Asher and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strategies for Short-term Testing for Mutagens/carcinogens by : Byron E. Butterworth
Download or read book Strategies for Short-term Testing for Mutagens/carcinogens written by Byron E. Butterworth and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation by : Ernest H.Y. Chu
Download or read book Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation written by Ernest H.Y. Chu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early 1930s, when I was a graduate student and later a post-doctoral researcher at the National Research Council for the University of Wisconsin at Madison, we had the opportunity to get acquainted with many graduate students from China who were sent to the University for training in modern basic sciences as well as social sciences. The University of Wisconsin continues to graduate a large number of Chinese students. Economic conditions in the 1930s were very precarious for the United States and other parts of the world. Many of us students grew closer together because we were living on similarly tight budgets. As a matter of fact, we subleased a part of our apartment in Madison to some Chinese graduate students. This was a very nice opportunity for us to learn about the scientific and cultural back ground of our Chinese friends. Many of them came from the interior of China and had had very little opportunity to become acquainted with people from a western culture. Living with these students was a very pleasant and educational experience which gave us a good pic ture of the cultural life and educational system of China at that time--an intimate picture that one normally would not see without travelling in that country.
Book Synopsis Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis II by : Colin S. Cooper
Download or read book Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis II written by Colin S. Cooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis since 1939 when I entered graduate school in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin Madison. I immediately started to work with the carcinogenic aminoazo dyes un der the direction of Professor CARL BAUMANN. In 1942 I joined a fellow graduate student, ELIZABETH CA VERT, in marriage and we soon commenced a joyous part nership in research on chemical carcinogenesis at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison. This collaboration lasted 45 years. I am very grateful that this volume is dedi cated to the memory of Elizabeth. The important and varied topics that are reviewed here attest to the continued growth of the fields of chemical car cinogenesis and mutagenesis, including their recent and fruitful union with viral oncology. I feel very optimistic about the application of knowledge in these fields to the eventual solution of numerous problems, including the detection and estimation of the risks to humans of environmental chemical carcinogens and re lated factors.
Book Synopsis The Use of Short- and Medium-term Tests for Carcinogens and Data on Genetic Effects in Carcinogenic Hazard Evaluation by : D. McGregor
Download or read book The Use of Short- and Medium-term Tests for Carcinogens and Data on Genetic Effects in Carcinogenic Hazard Evaluation written by D. McGregor and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lifetime assays for carcinogenicity in experimental animals, together with data on genetic and related effects on a variety of organisms, have long been the foundation for predictions of carcinogenic hazard to human beings. Recent scientific advances have provided new assays and novel test systems that are beginning to supplement, and in the future may even replace, the well-established tests that have been widely used for the last four decades. This publication reviews the evidence that justifies the use of lesions that precede histologically defined malignancy as endpoints to predict carcinogenicity. It evaluates the utility of non-mammalian species and of genetically engineered rodents as subjects for carcinogenicity tests and mutations in cancer-related genes in human and experimental animal tumours as 'footprints' of environmental carcinogens. It evaluates the use of established and novel assays for genetic toxicity in the prediction of carcinogenicity. Finally it formulates recommendations on the use of such data in the process of evaluation of carcinogenic hazards by the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
Book Synopsis Short-Term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens by : K.H. Norpoth
Download or read book Short-Term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens written by K.H. Norpoth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The varying cancer incidence from country to country and region to region suggests that en vironmental factors play a considerable role in the aetiology of cancer. Whether these factors in the environment moderate the effect of car cinogenic chemicals or whether they might them selves be carcinogenic is not known at the present time. What is known is that there are various chemicals, both naturally occurring and man-made, which can induce cancer in man. In the Western world estimates vary as to how much cancer is occupational in origin; the figures range from 1% to 40%. It is our feeling that probably about 10% of cancer has a direct oc cupational origin. Nevertheless this number is considerable and it behoves us therefore to identify those chemicals which are carcinogenic and to reduce human exposure. Recent work on the mode of action of carcinogenic chemicals suggests that the majority exert their effect through an activation step to give elec trophilic metabolites. Such metabolites have as a common feature the ability to react with cel lular nucleophiles to give covalently bound products. Such reaction will occur after carcino gen treatment of animals with nucleic acids par ticularly in target organs. It is reaction with nucleic acids that provides the basis of a num ber of short-term tests for carcinogens, since the basic composition of DNA is similar in micro-organisms and in human cells.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Relationship Between Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Potencies by :
Download or read book Quantitative Relationship Between Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Potencies written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis by : H. Bartsch
Download or read book Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis written by H. Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of exocyclic adducts as biomarkers offers a promising tool in studies of cancer etiology and prevention, particularly for human neoplasias in which the causative factors and mechanisms are still poorly understood. Presentations at an international conference, which resulted in this volume, comprise a comprehensive treatise on the current state of the art and scientific information on exocyclic DNA adducts. The volume includes sections on ultra sensitive detection methods, formation from exogenous and endogenous sources, DNA repair, physical chemical approaches to structural elucidation, and use as biomarkers and their role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Book Synopsis Short-Term Tests for Chemical Carcinogens by : H.F. Stich
Download or read book Short-Term Tests for Chemical Carcinogens written by H.F. Stich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent surge of interest in designing, validating, and implementing short-term tests for carcinogens has been spurred by the fairly convincing correlation be tween the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chemicals and physical agents and by the assumption that DNA alteration, mutations, and chromosome aberrations are somehow involved in neoplastic transformation. Moreover, it has been tacitly assumed that the mutagenic capacity alone of compounds would induce regulatory agencies to pass rules for their removal from the environment and would lead the public to avoid them. The actual response, however, is quite different. Governmental departments shy away from making any decisions on the basis of in vitro test systems. The public at large is becoming irritated by daily an nouncements that many of their cherished habits could adversely affect their health. Industry appears to feel threatened and may reduce its search for new beneficial chemicals. The reluctance to accept wholeheartedly the mutagenicity tests for the detection of carcinogens is partly due to uncertainty about the in volvement of mutations in neoplastic transformation, partly due to the present difficulty of extrapolating results from various endpoints obtained on numerous organisms to man, and partly due to a multitude of complex events that lead in vivo to the evolvement of benign or malignant tumors.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures by : B.J. Kilbey
Download or read book Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures written by B.J. Kilbey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compilation of this book was prompted by the necessity of a bench volume which could provide the necessary background information on materials, experimental design, pitfalls and dificulties, in order to perform a particular test in an acceptable way with a minimal need for additional expert help. This Second Edition updates this information, providing: - a comprehensive bench guide - methods known to be reliable - a broad spectrum of approaches - tips to avoid pitfalls when using unfamiliar techniques - data from population records - safety aspects of mutagens and carcinogens - basic statistical concepts for experiment design This `on the bench' methodological text provides the necessary information for most of the common assays for genetic damage in use. The book includes methods which have been sufficiently used and tested to make their use reliable, but also presents methods which are not widely used at present, but which might prove most useful in screening for mutagenic effects.
Book Synopsis Interpretation and Extrapolation of Chemical and Biological Carcinogenicity Data to Establish Human Safety Standards by : H.C. Grice
Download or read book Interpretation and Extrapolation of Chemical and Biological Carcinogenicity Data to Establish Human Safety Standards written by H.C. Grice and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Life Sciences Institute (lLSI) is a scientific foundation wh ich addresses critical health and safety issues of national and international concern. ILSI promotes international cooperation by pro viding the mechanism for scientists from government, industry and universities to work together on cooperative programs to generate and disseminate scientific data. The members and trustees of the Institute believe that questions regarding health and safety are best resolved when scientists can ex amine and discuss issues, as an independent body, se~arate from the political pressures of individual countries and the economic concerns of individual companies. Frequently, meaningful assessment of the risk of a test substance is hindered by the inherent inconsistencies in the system. The development and refinement of methods and systems to evaluate the safety of chemicals have evolved in a rapid and largely unplanned fashion. Attempts to improve the system have largely been directed toward broad general concerns, with little attention being given to specific problems or issues. A failure to resolve these problems has frequently resulted in increased testing costs and complications in the assessment and extrapolation of the results. Publicity surrounding toxicologic issues has created chronic public apprehension about the ability of science and government to deal effectively with these problems. In response to these difficulties, ILSI has assembled highly qualified and renowned scientists from research institutes, universities, government and industry, with relevant scientific knowledge and expertise regarding the issues that complicate risk assessment procedures.
Book Synopsis Carcinogenicity by : Kirk T. Kitchin
Download or read book Carcinogenicity written by Kirk T. Kitchin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers comprehensive coverage of currently available cancer predictors, the most recent research on carcinogenicity, and the design and interpretation of carcinogenicity experiments. Presents mouse, rat, and human carcinogenicity data for the liver, kidney, breast, cervix, prostate, hematopoietic system, colon, skin, urinary bladder, mouth, stomach, thyroid, and pancreas.
Book Synopsis The Testing of Chemicals for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity by : Canada. Department of National Health and Welfare
Download or read book The Testing of Chemicals for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity written by Canada. Department of National Health and Welfare and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Mutagens and Carcinogens by : Beatrice Singer
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Mutagens and Carcinogens written by Beatrice Singer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book originated in numerous Gordon Research Conferences and many other meetings of scientists working in chemistry, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology related to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It seemed the appro priate time to sit back and summarize the results of several decades of research in laboratories in different countries. We are very grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for inviting us to formulate and begin writing the book at the Center for International Studies in Bellagio, Italy, where we were Resident Scholars. We are fortunate to have had the assistance of so many colleagues around the world who cheerfully sent original data, figures, and preprints and lis tened patiently to us as we worked out the various conflicting ideas in this fast-moving. field. The names of these scientists are found within the tables, figures, and references. There is one person whose contributions we especially wish to acknowl edge. Professor Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat was present at the inception of this book and throughout the writing encouraged and criticized in apprOximately equal proportion. Finally, his editing and amalgamation of our two styles gave us great comfort. B.S. D.G.
Book Synopsis Environmental Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Plant Biology by : Edward J. Klekowski
Download or read book Environmental Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Plant Biology written by Edward J. Klekowski and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1982 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer by : Ashis K. Basu
Download or read book Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer written by Ashis K. Basu and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue " Chemically-Induced DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and Cancer" that was published in IJMS
