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Carbon Stocks And Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated With Forest Conversion To Oil Palm Plantations In Tanjung Puting Tropical Peatlands Indonesia
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Book Synopsis Carbon Stocks and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Forest Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tanjung Puting Tropical Peatlands, Indonesia by : Nisa Novita
Download or read book Carbon Stocks and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Forest Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations in Tanjung Puting Tropical Peatlands, Indonesia written by Nisa Novita and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses gaps of knowledge associated with how ecosystem carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions are affected by land use land cover change in tropical peatlands. This was the first study that paired peat swamp forests with oil palm plantations and analyzed site scale variation on greenhouse gas emissions. This study was conducted over 16 months (September 2012 to December 2013) at Tanjung Puting, Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Three main objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the total ecosystem carbon stocks and potential carbon emissions from peat swamp forest conversion to oil palm plantations; 2) to measure annual soil emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from forests and oil palm plantations; and 3) to assess the effects of fertilizer application on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) emissions in the immature oil palm plantations. The ecosystem carbon stock of primary peat swamp forests (1770 ± 123 Mg C/ha) was 2.3 times greater than in oil palm plantations (759 ± 36 Mg C/ha). The estimate of potential emissions from forest conversion on shallow peat in this study (3710 ± 321 Mg CO2e/ha) was one of the highest emissions derived from land use change activity in the tropics. Most of the total carbon losses were produced from belowground carbon pool, which mainly due to the depletion of soil C pools. These findings suggest that the conversion of shallow peat swamp forest may result in emissions that are as high as those arising from conversion on deep peats. We found that the conversion of tropical peat swamp forests resulted in lower CO2 and methane emissions but higher N2O emissions. Soil CO2 emissions were higher in the forests (14.9 ± 0.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) than in the oil palm plantations (12.1 ± 0.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). Methane emissions were insignificant (0.4 ± 2.0 kg C ha−1 yr−1) in the drained plantations and high (52.4 ± 10.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1) in the swamp forests. The annual N2O emissions were negligible in the peat swamp forests (0.5 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and were substantially higher in plantations (5.5 ± 0.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). In the fertilized area, we found that N addition stimulated N2O and CO2 emissions, but had no significant effect on CH4 emissions. Based on local standard fertilization practices, the mean daily N2O and CO2 emissions were 3.5 and 1.2 times higher in the fertilized treatment than in the control treatment. The presence of oil palm in the under canopy area significantly reduced N2O emissions but increased CO2 emissions following nitrogen addition. However, fertilization did not affect N2O and CO2 emissions at a plot level in the immature oil palm plantations. Overall, our results emphasize the high urgency to conserve remaining tropical peat swamp forests by restricting oil palm plantation expansion on peat in support of global climate change mitigation efforts.
Book Synopsis Observing, Modeling and Understanding Processes in Natural and Managed Peatlands by : Michel Bechtold
Download or read book Observing, Modeling and Understanding Processes in Natural and Managed Peatlands written by Michel Bechtold and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of intact peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation by : Louis-Pierre Comeau
Download or read book Conversion of intact peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation written by Louis-Pierre Comeau and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-02-23 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical peatlands are among the largest pedologic pools of organic carbon. This study compared soil CO2 fluxes in an intact peat swamp forest, a transitional logged drained forest and an oil palm plantation located on the same alluvial peat plain (peat dome) in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Dynamic closed chambers were used to measure soil CO2 efflux from January to September 2012. Chambers were placed in pairs, with one close to a tree/palm and the other at mid-distance to the next tree/palm. In the oil palm plantation additional chambers were placed in frond decomposing lines and tertiary drainage canals. During the experiment, air and soil temperatures, water table level and rainfall were recorded. The fluxes were significantly larger in the oil palm plantation (28.4 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1) than in the transitional logged drained forest (18.5 ± 0.7 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1) and in the intact peat swamp forest (16.0 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha1 y1). The CO2 fluxes were spatially variable according to distance to tree/ palm or when emitted from tertiary drainage canals but no clear trend was detected. A significant but weak relationship was found between CO2 fluxes and water table level in the peat swamp forest. Soil CO2 emissions in oil palm plantations were higher than those reported from Borneo by other authors. The soil CO2 flux should be separated into its auto- and heterotrophic components and balanced with C inputs and other C outputs in further studies to determine soil net atmospheric impacts on the climate system of this land-use change.
Book Synopsis Reducing green house gas emissions from oil palm in Indonesia: Lessons from East Kalimantan by : Zachary R Anderson
Download or read book Reducing green house gas emissions from oil palm in Indonesia: Lessons from East Kalimantan written by Zachary R Anderson and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Messages National and provincial emissions reduction goals and efforts to slow deforestation may come into conflict with provincial and district level economic ambitions based on agricultural development.Around half of existing oil palm concessions in East Kalimantan are on forested and peatland areas. If developed, these plantations will release ~206 MtCO2e into the atmosphere.The expansion of oil palm plantations on currently allocated concessions will lead to the conversion of forested lands and swamp areas, including peatland, and represents a critical source of carbon emissions.To ensure the sustainability of plantation expansion the government needs to undertake a review of all existing plantation permits to ensure that they align with existing sustainability criteria.Green Growth does not present a win-win strategy and therefore requires strong political commitment, and awareness of social and environmental tradeoffs.
Book Synopsis The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in Indonesia by : Syahrinudin
Download or read book The potential of oil palm and forest plantations for carbon sequestration on degraded land in Indonesia written by Syahrinudin and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biomass represents a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the most important greenhouse gases and which is assumed to contribute more than half of the global warming. Establishing tree plantations or perennial crops on degraded land is an effective way to reduce atmospheric carbon by building up terrestrial carbon stocks, not only in the living biomass, but also in the soil. By converting Imperata cylindrica grassland into tree plantations (Acacia mangium or oil palm), aboveground biomass carbon can be increased about 20-fold and below ground biomass carbon up to 8-fold, while soil carbon can almost be doubled.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia by : Riyanti Djalante
Download or read book Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia written by Riyanti Djalante and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume reviews the latest advances in policies and actions in understanding the science, impacts and management of climate change in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its geographical, physical, and social-economic situations. There are many initiatives to understand and deal with the impacts in the country. The national government has issued key guiding policies for climate change. International agencies together with local stakeholders are working on strengthening the capacity in the policy formulations and implement actions to build community resilience. Universities are conducting research on climate change related at different scales. Cities and local governments are implementing innovations in adapting to the impacts of climate change and transiting toward green economy. This book summarizes and discusses the state-of-the-art regarding climate change in Indonesia including adaptation and mitigation measures. The primary readership of the book includes policy makers, scientists and practitioners of climate change actions in Indonesia and other countries facing similar challenges. Chapter “Carbon Stocks from Peat Swamp Forest and Oil Palm Plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Tropical Forest Conversion to Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations by : Josephus Adrianus Koks
Download or read book Tropical Forest Conversion to Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations written by Josephus Adrianus Koks and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deforestation rates have rapidly increased over the last two decades in Sumatra, Indonesia, where large areas of lowland rainforest have now been converted into the monoculture plantation types of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). The high global demand for palm oil and latex is continuously pushing expansion of this forest-to- plantation conversion and might even increase in the next decades. Land-use conversion is known to influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of the climate-relevant greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide ...
Book Synopsis Review of Carbon Flux Estimates and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil Palm Cultivation on Tropical Peatlands - Identifying the Gaps in Knowledge by : Caspar Verwer
Download or read book Review of Carbon Flux Estimates and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil Palm Cultivation on Tropical Peatlands - Identifying the Gaps in Knowledge written by Caspar Verwer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an independent review that clarifies current confusion on carbon dioxide emissions resulting from oil palm cultivation on tropical peatlands in Malaysia, that was brought about by two recent publications. It describes the processes of carbon flow in forests, degraded forests and oil palm plantations on peat and depicts uncertainties in existing datasets. The report identifies the gaps of knowledge and offers recommendations for further research to be commissioned by the Joint Committee on Carbon Emissions (JCCE), Malaysia-The Netherlands
Book Synopsis Review of Carbon Flux Estimates and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil Palm Cultivation on Tropical Peatlands - Identifying the Gaps in Knowledge by : Caspar Verwer
Download or read book Review of Carbon Flux Estimates and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil Palm Cultivation on Tropical Peatlands - Identifying the Gaps in Knowledge written by Caspar Verwer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Carbon Emissions, Land Use Change and the Oil Palm Industry Within Southeast Asia by : Savanna L Booth
Download or read book The Relationship Between Carbon Emissions, Land Use Change and the Oil Palm Industry Within Southeast Asia written by Savanna L Booth and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical forests store the largest amount of carbon globally by sequestering up to 2.7 Gt of carbon every year in soils and vegetation. Deforestation and the conversion of tropical peatland soil have contributed to global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, as well as significantly hindering tropical ecosystems and the natural carbon sequestration potential that could potentially help mitigate atmospheric CO2 levels. Deforestation has increased rapidly since the 1970's across Southeast Asia with oil palm contributing to 61% of deforestation between 2010 and 2015 with emissions reaching 22.1 million tons CO2-eq during that time. The conversions of tropical peatlands are a significant source of regional carbon emissions since the transformation of these soils both degrades carbon storage capacity, and increases emissions during the conversion process. Conversion processes for monoculture lead to long-term degradation and over the last four decades, emissions from tropical peatland modification has reached over 6 Gt CO2-eq. Land use change by fire, although a method of deforestation, emits the highest levels of CO2-eq during conversion. The conversion by fire also leads to an increased risk of wildfires within the area. As fire continues to be used as a method of land clearing, emissions and wildfires are expected to increase. There are two methods of oil palm extraction and production, wet and dry, and emissions from these processes average 3.03 and 1.69 tons CO2-eq/ha respectively. The wastewater treatment system implemented for wet extraction could either aid in decreasing or result in increased production emissions. A transition in production processes could decrease emissions by up to 47%. The evidence from the analysis was used to develop recommendations for carbon emission mitigation and land use change that results from the oil palm industry within Southeast Asia. These recommendations can be summarized into: discontinuing oil palm expansion on unsuitable land, promoting the movement towards sustainable oil palm production through sustainability certification processes as well as discontinuing fire related conversion processes, and already established plantations should transition from wet to dry extraction processes to reduce overall emissions; however, if this is not economically feasible, the implementation of a biogas capture system would aid in emission reduction.
Book Synopsis Palm oil and likely futures by : Mosnier, A.
Download or read book Palm oil and likely futures written by Mosnier, A. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key messages This brief examines two contrasting policy options: the implementation of zero deforestation commitments by the private sector and a complete moratorium on the expansion of large-scale oil palm plantations, and compares them to a situation without policy action.The zero deforestation commitments and the moratorium on large-scale oil palm plantations expansion could reduce cumulative deforestation by 25% and 28%, respectively, compared to a situation without policy action. They could also cut greenhouse gas emissions from land use and land-use change by 13% and 16%, respectively, over the period 2010-2030.Even under the zero-deforestation and moratorium scenarios, Indonesia is projected to increase palm oil production between 124%-97% over 2010-2030, which is partly due to higher production originating from smallholders.Both measures - the zero deforestation commitments and a moratorium of future large-scale oil palm plantations expansion - would be especially beneficial to limit future deforestation in Indonesia in a context in which global demand for palm oil is expected to keep increasing.Foresight tools can equip stakeholders and policy makers with data and information to allow for evidence-based policy making. This will permit planning for reducing deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions, and finding options acceptable to all stakeholders involved.
Book Synopsis Environmental Efficiencies and Controversies by :
Download or read book Environmental Efficiencies and Controversies written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adapting Global Palm Oil Deforestation-free Trade to Benefit Local Economies and Landscapes by : Purnomo, H.
Download or read book Adapting Global Palm Oil Deforestation-free Trade to Benefit Local Economies and Landscapes written by Purnomo, H. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Peatlands written by Jack Rieley and published by Earthscan / James & James. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical peatlands are found mostly in South East Asia, but also in Africa and in Central and South America. They and peat-swamp forests store large amounts of carbon and their destruction, particularly through the development of plantations for oil palm and other forms of agriculture, releases large quantities of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change. They are also complex and vulnerable ecosystems, home to great biodiversity and a number of endangered species such as the orang utan.The aim of this book is to introduce this little known but important and vulnerable ecosystem in a way that explains its long standing interaction with the global carbon cycle and how it is being destroyed by deforestation and inappropriate development. The authors describe the origin and formation of peat in the tropics, its current location, extent and amount of carbon stored in it, its biodiversity and natural resource functions and key ecological functions and processes. Appropriate hydrology is the key to the development and maintenance of peatlands and the unique aspects of tropical peatland water supply and management are also explored. In the same vein the nutrient dynamics and budgets of this ecosystem are explained in order to show how complex habitats can be maintained mainly by rainwater containing very low concentrations of essential chemical elements. Past and present impacts on tropical peatlands in SE Asia are discussed and the need for restoration and wise use highlighted. Finally, projections are made about the future of this ecosystem as a result of continuing human impacts and climate change.
Book Synopsis Consequences of Rainforest Conversion to Smallholder Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations on Soil Trace Gas Fluxes from Highly Weathered Soils in Sumatra, Indonesia by : Evelyn Hassler
Download or read book Consequences of Rainforest Conversion to Smallholder Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations on Soil Trace Gas Fluxes from Highly Weathered Soils in Sumatra, Indonesia written by Evelyn Hassler and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sumatra, Indonesia, the establishment of oil palm and rubber plantations is widespread. However, it occurs at the expense of forest area. Since global demand for palm oil and rubber is increasing, forest conversion is expected to continue. Furthermore, studies have shown that forest destruction and the establishment of agricultural land uses influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of the climate-relevant trace gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO). Nevertheless, trace gas measurements from oil palm and rubber plantations are scarce. Additiona...
Book Synopsis Does production of oil palm, soybean, or jatropha change biodiversity and ecosystem functions in tropical forests by : Sini Savilaakso
Download or read book Does production of oil palm, soybean, or jatropha change biodiversity and ecosystem functions in tropical forests written by Sini Savilaakso and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels, or fuels derived from transformation of biological matter, are hailed by some as a promising source of renewable energy potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A widespread adoption of biofuels will however present its own set of challenges and consequences. Direct or indirect land use change due to expansion of feedstock cultivation can cause deforestation and forest degradation leading to biodiversity losses and other environmental concerns like soil degradation and erosion, water pollution and scarcity, and the risk of crop species invading natural ecosystems. Although biofuel production is currently not the main use of palm oil and soybean and hence, has so far contributed only little to the land-use change patterns, it has been predicted to grow. Therefore, it is important to know the potential consequences of the expansion of biofuel cultivation may have for biodiversity in order to provide policy guidance.
Book Synopsis Trace Gas Emissions from Forest and Land-use Systems at the Tropical Forest Margins in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia by : Joko Purbopuspito
Download or read book Trace Gas Emissions from Forest and Land-use Systems at the Tropical Forest Margins in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia written by Joko Purbopuspito and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
