Calculation and Morality

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190856874
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Calculation and Morality by : Caroline Oudin-Bastide

Download or read book Calculation and Morality written by Caroline Oudin-Bastide and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates about whether to maintain or abolish slavery revolved around two key values: the morality of enslaving other human beings and the economic benefits and costs of slavery as compared to free labor. Various and conflicting arguments were presented by abolitionists, colonists, and administrators in slave-holding societies, all of whom used calculations about the relative cost and productivity of slavery to defend their own point of view in an impassioned debate. In Calculation and Morality, Caroline Oudin-Bastide and Philippe Steiner consider how economic calculations, estimations, and arguments informed the long debate over French slavery between 1771 and 1848. They show how calculation was introduced into moral debate and became a critical social object in regard both to its consistency and its manifest effects. To do so they trace a process in which phenomena were classified into groups, becoming a category, and then how metrics and calculations were used to analyze the possible effects of emancipating slaves in French colonies. Abolitionists sought to demonstrate that it was in the interest of slaveowners and/or the entire nation to employ free labour in the colonies, and to show the irrationality of the colonial and metropolitan defenders of servitude; their aim was to enlighten various parties as to their real interest, and how that real interest coincided with justice. In turn, colonists accused those opposed to slavery of being blinded by their own philanthropic principles and insisted on the rationality of the slave system as the only means of meeting the interests of everyone, including slaves, at least in the short and medium term. Oudin-Bastide and Steiner closely examine the positions and reasoning of such influential French thinkers as Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet, Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Baptiste Say, and Alexis de Tocqueville. In doing so they shed light on the interaction of moral precepts and econonomic calculations in a trenchant study in the history of ideas.

Calculation and Morality

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190856858
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Calculation and Morality by : Caroline Oudin-Bastide

Download or read book Calculation and Morality written by Caroline Oudin-Bastide and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates about whether to maintain or abolish slavery revolved around two key values: the morality of enslaving other human beings and the economic benefits and costs of slavery as compared to free labor. Various and conflicting arguments were presented by abolitionists, colonists, and administrators in slave-holding societies, all of whom used calculations about the relative cost and productivity of slavery to defend their own point of view in an impassioned debate. In Calculation and Morality, Caroline Oudin-Bastide and Philippe Steiner consider how economic calculations, estimations, and arguments informed the long debate over French slavery between 1771 and 1848. They show how calculation was introduced into moral debate and became a critical social object in regard both to its consistency and its manifest effects. To do so they trace a process in which phenomena were classified into groups, becoming a category, and then how metrics and calculations were used to analyze the possible effects of emancipating slaves in French colonies. Abolitionists sought to demonstrate that it was in the interest of slaveowners and/or the entire nation to employ free labour in the colonies, and to show the irrationality of the colonial and metropolitan defenders of servitude; their aim was to enlighten various parties as to their real interest, and how that real interest coincided with justice. In turn, colonists accused those opposed to slavery of being blinded by their own philanthropic principles and insisted on the rationality of the slave system as the only means of meeting the interests of everyone, including slaves, at least in the short and medium term. Oudin-Bastide and Steiner closely examine the positions and reasoning of such influential French thinkers as Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet, Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Baptiste Say, and Alexis de Tocqueville. In doing so they shed light on the interaction of moral precepts and econonomic calculations in a trenchant study in the history of ideas.

Moral Calculations

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461216540
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Calculations by : Laszlo Mero

Download or read book Moral Calculations written by Laszlo Mero and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does game theory tell us about rational behavior? Is there such a thing as rational behavior, and if so, is it of any use to us? In this fascinating book, renowned Hungarian economist Laszlo Mero shows how game theory provides insight into such aspects of human psychology as altruism, competition, and politics, as well as its relevance to disparate fields such as physics and evolutionary biology. This ideal guide shows us how mathematics can illuminate the human condition.

Politics and Morality

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745654452
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics and Morality by : Susan Mendus

Download or read book Politics and Morality written by Susan Mendus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public disenchantment with politics has become a key feature of the world in which we live. Politicians are increasingly viewed with suspicion and distrust, and electoral turnout in many modern democracies continues to fall. But are we right to display such contempt towards our elected representatives? Can politicians be morally good or is politics destined to involve dirty hands or the loss of integrity, as many modern philosophers claim? In this book, Susan Mendus seeks to address these important questions to assess whether this apparent tension between morality and politics is real and, if so, why. Beginning with an account of integrity as involving a willingness to stand by ones most fundamental moral commitments, the author discusses three reasons for thinking that politics undermines integrity and is incompatible with morality. These are: the relationship between politics and utilitarian calculation; the possibility that the realm of politics is a separate realm of value; and the difficulty of reconciling the demands of different social roles. She concludes that, in the modern world, we all risk losing our integrity. To that extent, we are all politicians. Moreover, we have reason to be glad that politicians are not always morally good. Written with verve and clarity, this book provides students and general readers an accessible guide to the philosophical debates about the complex relationship between politics and morality in the contemporary world.

The Evolution of Morality

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319196715
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Morality by : Todd K. Shackelford

Download or read book The Evolution of Morality written by Todd K. Shackelford and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary collection presents novel theories, includes provocative re-workings of longstanding arguments, and offers a healthy cross-pollination of ideas to the morality literature. Structures, functions, and content of morality are reconsidered as cultural, religious, and political components are added to the standard biological/environmental mix. Innovative concepts such as the Periodic Table of Ethics and evidence for morality in non-human species illuminate areas for further discussion and research. And some of the book’s contributors question premises we hold dear, such as morality as a product of reason, the existence of moral truths, and the motto “life is good.” Highlights of the coverage: The tripartite theory of Machiavellian morality: judgment, influence, and conscience as distinct moral adaptations. Prosocial morality from a biological, cultural, and developmental perspective. The containment problem and the evolutionary debunking of morality. A comparative perspective on the evolution of moral behavior. A moral guide to depravity: religiously-motivated violence and sexual selection. Game theory and the strategic logic of moral intuitions. The Evolution of Morality makes a stimulating supplementary text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in the evolutionary sciences, particularly in psychology, biology, anthropology, sociology, political science, religious studies, and philosophy

Economic Calculation and Social Morality as Seen in Chinese Peasant Proverbs

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Calculation and Social Morality as Seen in Chinese Peasant Proverbs by : R. David Arkush

Download or read book Economic Calculation and Social Morality as Seen in Chinese Peasant Proverbs written by R. David Arkush and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

How to Enhance Morality

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030727084
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Enhance Morality by : Vojin Rakić

Download or read book How to Enhance Morality written by Vojin Rakić and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-18 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an innovative approach to moral enhancement. We, as humans, have a moral duty to be as good as we can be. Hence, moral bio-enhancement (MBE), if effective and safe, is our moral duty. However, it has to be voluntary because if it is made compulsory, human freedom (of the will) would be curtailed. As freedom (of the will) is an essential component of humanness, compulsory MBE would infringe upon our humanness. An essential question is; what will motivate humans to subject themselves voluntarily to MBE?The book argues - and supports by using empirical/experimental evidence - that morality and happiness operate in a circularly supportive relationship that applies to most humans most of the time: the better they are, the happier they will be; the happier they are, the better they will be. Hence, the grounding rationale for MBE ought not to be the prevention of “ultimate harm” based on compulsory MBE (as argued by Persson and Savulescu), but human happiness based on voluntary MBE. The primary objective of the book is to provide the readers with an original view on moral enhancement, whilst proposing a novel conception of moral enhancement that is informed by new biotechnological developments.

Morality and Mathematics

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192556800
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Mathematics by : Justin Clarke-Doane

Download or read book Morality and Mathematics written by Justin Clarke-Doane and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the genealogy of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together — and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Handbook of the Sociology of Morality

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441968962
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Sociology of Morality by : Steven Hitlin

Download or read book Handbook of the Sociology of Morality written by Steven Hitlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings necessarily understand their social worlds in moral terms, orienting their lives, relationships, and activities around socially-produced notions of right and wrong. Morality is sociologically understood as more than simply helping or harming others; it encompasses any way that individuals form understandings of what behaviors are better than others, what goals are most laudable, and what "proper" people believe, feel, and do. Morality involves the explicit and implicit sets of rules and shared understandings that keep human social groups intact. Morality includes both the "shoulds" and "should nots" of human activity, its proactive and inhibitive elements. At one time, sociologists were centrally concerned with morality, issues like social cohesion, values, the goals and norms that structure society, and the ways individuals get socialized to reproduce those concerns. In the last half-century, however, explicit interest in these topics has waned, and modern sociology has become uninterested in these matters and morality has become marginalized within the discipline. But a resurgence in the topic is happening in related disciplines – psychology, neurology, philosophy, and anthropology - and in the wider national discourse. Sociology has much to offer, but is not fully engaged in this conversation. Many scholars work on areas that would fall under the umbrella of a sociology of morality but do not self-identify in such a manner, nor orient their efforts toward conceptualizing what we know, and should know, along these dimensions. The Handbook of the Sociology of Morality fills a niche within sociology making explicit the shared concerns of scholars across the disciplines as they relate to an often-overlooked dimension of human social life. It is unique in social science as it would be the first systematic compilation of the wider social structural, cultural, cross-national, organizational, and interactional dimension of human moral (understood broadly) thought, feeling, and behavior.

Money Counts

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Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1789206863
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Money Counts by : Mario Schmidt

Download or read book Money Counts written by Mario Schmidt and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally viewed as an abstraction, the quantitative nature of money is essential in evaluating the relationship between monetary systems and society. Money Counts moves beyond abstraction, exploring the conceptual diversity and everyday enactment of money’s quantity. Drawing from case studies including British jewelers, blood-money payments in Germanic law codes, and the quotidian use of money in cosmopolitical Moscow, a Western Kenyan village, and socialist Havana, the chapters in this volume offer new theoretical and empirical interpretations of money’s quantitative nature as it relates to abstraction, sociality, materiality, freedom, and morality.

The Data of Ethics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Data of Ethics by : Herbert Spencer

Download or read book The Data of Ethics written by Herbert Spencer and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Conversations on Ethics

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191616958
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Conversations on Ethics by : Alex Voorhoeve

Download or read book Conversations on Ethics written by Alex Voorhoeve and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we trust our intuitive judgments of right and wrong? Are moral judgements objective? What reason do we have to do what is right and avoid doing what is wrong? In Conversations on Ethics, Alex Voorhoeve elicits answers to these questions from eleven outstanding philosophers and social scientists: Ken Binmore Philippa Foot Harry Frankfurt Allan Gibbard Daniel Kahneman Frances Kamm Alasdair MacIntyre T. M. Scanlon Peter Singer David Velleman Bernard Williams The exchanges are direct, open, and sharp, and give a clear account of these thinkers' core ideas about ethics. They also provide unique insights into their intellectual development - how they became interested in ethics, and how they conceived the ideas for which they became famous. Conversations on Ethics will engage anyone interested in moral philosophy.

Total Collapse: The Case Against Responsibility and Morality

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319769502
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Total Collapse: The Case Against Responsibility and Morality by : Stephen Kershnar

Download or read book Total Collapse: The Case Against Responsibility and Morality written by Stephen Kershnar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that there is no morality and that people are not morally responsible for what they do. In particular, it argues that what people do is neither right nor wrong and that they are neither praiseworthy nor blameworthy for doing it. Morality and moral responsibility lie at the heart of how we view the world. In our daily life, we feel that people act rightly or wrongly, make the world better or worse, and are virtuous or vicious. These policies are central to our justifying how we see the world and treat others. In this book, the author argues that our views on these matters are false. He presents a series of arguments that threaten to undermine our theoretical and practical worldviews. The philosophical costs of denying moral responsibility and morality are enormous. It does violence to philosophical positions that many people took a lifetime to develop. Worse, it does violence to our everyday view of people. A host of concepts that we rely on daily (praiseworthy, blameworthy, desert, virtue, right, wrong, good, bad, etc.) fail to refer to any property in the world and are thus deeply mistaken. This book is of interest to philosophers, lawyers, and humanities professors as well as people interested in morality, law, religion, and public policy.

Outlines of Moral Philosophy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Outlines of Moral Philosophy by : Abhoy Kumar Mazumdar

Download or read book Outlines of Moral Philosophy written by Abhoy Kumar Mazumdar and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Handbook of Social Research Ethics

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Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412949181
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Social Research Ethics by : Donna M. Mertens

Download or read book The Handbook of Social Research Ethics written by Donna M. Mertens and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together international scholars across the social and behavioural sciences and education to address those ethical issues that arise in the theory and practice of research within the technologically advancing and culturally complex world in which we live.

Moral Tribes

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143126059
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Tribes by : Joshua Greene

Download or read book Moral Tribes written by Joshua Greene and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Surprising and remarkable…Toggling between big ideas, technical details, and his personal intellectual journey, Greene writes a thesis suitable to both airplane reading and PhD seminars.”—The Boston Globe Our brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us) and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern times have forced the world’s tribes into a shared space, resulting in epic clashes of values along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground. A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, Moral Tribes reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights the way forward. Greene compares the human brain to a dual-mode camera, with point-and-shoot automatic settings (“portrait,” “landscape”) as well as a manual mode. Our point-and-shoot settings are our emotions—efficient, automated programs honed by evolution, culture, and personal experience. The brain’s manual mode is its capacity for deliberate reasoning, which makes our thinking flexible. Point-and-shoot emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight—sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words—often with life-and-death stakes. A major achievement from a rising star in a new scientific field, Moral Tribes will refashion your deepest beliefs about how moral thinking works and how it can work better.

Moral Calculations

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461216551
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Calculations by : Laszlo Mero

Download or read book Moral Calculations written by Laszlo Mero and published by . This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: