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Author : I. G. Enting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780643052369
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (523 download)
Download or read book Calculating Future Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations written by I. G. Enting and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : I. G. Enting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Future Emissions and Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide written by I. G. Enting and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309208939
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Climate Stabilization Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.
Download or read book Analysis of Possible Future Atmospheric Retention of Fossil Fuel CO2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigates the likely rates and the potential range of future CO2 emissions, combined with knowledge of the global cycle of carbon, to estimate a possible range of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations through the year 2075. Historic fossil fuel usage to the present, growing at a rate of 4.5% per year until 1973 and at a slower rate of 1.9% after 1973, was combined with three scenarios of projected emissions growth ranging from approximately 0.2 to 2.8% per year to provide annual CO2 emissions data for two different carbon cycle models. The emissions scenarios were constructed using an energy-economic model and by varying key parameters within the bounds of currently expected future values. The extreme values for CO2 emissions in the year 2075 are 6.8 x 1015 and 91 x 1015 g C year−1. Carbon cycle model simulations used a range of year - 1800 preindustrial atmospheric concentrations of 245 to 292 ppM CO2 and three scenarios of bioshere conversion as additional atmospheric CO2 source terms. These simulations yield a range of possible atmospheric CO2 concentrations in year 2075 of approximately 500 to 1500 ppM, with a median of about 700 ppM. The time at which atmospheric CO2 would potentially double from the preindustrial level ranges from year 2025 to>2075. The practical, programmatic value of this forecast exercise is that it forces quantitative definition of the assumptions, and the uncertainties therein, which form the basis of our understanding of the natural biogeochemical cycle of carbon and both historic and future human influences on the dynamics of the global cycle. Assumptions about the possible range of future atmospheric CO2 levels provide a basis on which to evaluate the implications of these changes on climate and the biosphere. 44 references, 17 figures, 21 tables.
Author : Jill Williams
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483159353
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide, Climate and Society written by Jill Williams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Dioxide, Climate and Society contains the proceedings of a workshop organized by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis on February 21- 24, 1978. The papers explore the potential consequences of carbon dioxide for climate and society and considers the biogeochemical carbon cycle as a background for predicting future atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The state of knowledge regarding the impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on climate and environment is also discussed, along with the implications of such knowledge (and lack thereof) for decision-making on energy strategies. This book consists of 36 chapters and opens with an overview of energy systems and CO2 as well as the global carbon cycle. The reader is then introduced to the dynamics of the carbon cycle based on the findings of isotope studies; biotic interactions with atmospheric CO2; cryospheric responses to global temperature increase; and the effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on radiative-convective equilibrium. The following chapters focus on the influence of the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere on climate; CO2 disposal in the ocean; the link between climate and economic development; and how energy strategies are affected by the CO2 question. This monograph will be a valuable resource of information for climatologists and energy policymakers.
Author : John Steven Hoffman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Projecting Future Sea Level Rise written by John Steven Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : T. M. L. Wigley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521018623
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (186 download)
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
Author : James R. Ehleringer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387270485
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based in extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology, this book offers a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere, and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. The text illuminates the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals, and addresses the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems.
Author : Anthony Wayne King
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book A Plan for Intermodel Comparison of Atmospheric CO2 Projections with Uncertainty Analysis written by Anthony Wayne King and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Assessment of CO2 Projections written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various projections of the relation between future CO2 concentrations and future emissions were undertaken as part of the scientific assessment for Working Group 1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. There were three type of calculation: (1) forward projections, calculating the atmospheric CO2 concentrations resulting from specified emission scenarios, (2) inverse calculations determining the emission rates that would be required to achieve stabilization of CO2 concentrations via specified pathways and (3) impulse response function calculations required for determining Global Warming Potentials. The use of a standardized set of conditions allows an intercomparison of models. The ocean models used in the calculations presented here span a range of forms from response function descriptions to general circulation models. The general issue for all levels of modelling is whether the model parameters can reasonably be regarded as being the same in the future as at present. Sensitivity studies explore other aspects of the uncertainties of such projections. This report documents the specifications, the models that were used and the results that were obtained. Some preliminary interpretations of the results are included.
Author : I. G. Enting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Projections of Future CO2 written by I. G. Enting and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jae Edmonds
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Future Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Scenarios and Limitation Strategies written by Jae Edmonds and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1986 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309046777
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309391458
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-26 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social cost of carbon (SCC) for a given year is an estimate, in dollars, of the present discounted value of the damage caused by a 1-metric ton increase in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in that year; or equivalently, the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions by the same amount in that given year. The SCC is intended to provide a comprehensive measure of the monetized value of the net damages from global climate change from an additional unit of CO2, including, but not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, energy use, human health effects, and property damages from increased flood risk. Federal agencies use the SCC to value the CO2 emissions impacts of various policies including emission and fuel economy standards for vehicles, regulations of industrial air pollutants from industrial manufacturing, emission standards for power plants and solid waste incineration, and appliance energy efficiency standards. There are significant challenges to estimating a dollar value that reflects all the physical, human, ecological, and economic impacts of climate change. Recognizing that the models and scientific data underlying the SCC estimates evolve and improve over time, the federal government made a commitment to provide regular updates to the estimates. To assist with future revisions of the SCC, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG) requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine complete a study that assessed the merits and challenges of a limited near-term update to the SCC and of a comprehensive update of the SCC to ensure that the estimates reflect the best available science. This interim report focuses on near-term updates to the SCC estimates.
Author : John R. Trabalka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475719159
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book The Changing Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Government, cognizant of its responsibilities to future generations, has been sponsoring research for nine years into the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the atmosphere. Agencies such as the National Science Foun 2 dation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cooperatively spent about $100 million from FY 1978 through FY 1984 directly on the study of CO • The DOE, as the 2 lead government agency for coordinating the government' s research ef forts, has been responsible for about 60% of these research efforts. William James succinctly defined our purpose when he stated science must be based upon " ... irreducible and stubborn facts." Scientific knowledge can and will reduce the present significant uncertainty sur rounding our understanding of the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2• We have come far during the past seven years in resolving some underlyinig doubts and in narrowing the ranges of disagreement. Basic concepts have become less murky. Yet, much more must be accomplished; more irreducible and stubborn facts are needed to reduce the uncertainties so that we can improve our knowledge base. Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero. However, with a much improved knowledge base, we will be able to learn, under stand, and be in a position to make decisions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Oceanic CO2 Uptake and Future Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John R. Trabalka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
