Business Guide to the World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretarial
ISBN 13 : 9780850926217
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Business Guide to the World Trading System by : Commonwealth Secretariat

Download or read book Business Guide to the World Trading System written by Commonwealth Secretariat and published by Commonwealth Secretarial. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a sequel to the highly successful Business Guide to the Uruguay Round.It provides an overview of achievements of the Uruguay Round and the legal system established by it and explains the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This edition contains updates on new developments which have taken place since 1996. It also contains a new section on the six trade-related subject areas: trade and environment, trade and investment, competition policy, transparency in government and procurement, trade facilitation and electronic commerce. A thorough understanding of the World Trading System is critical to increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in Commonwealth countries. This publication will be an essential tool to the international business community and will help business leaders to better understand the implications of the WTO Agreements and how to apply the various provisions and rules to their day-to-day business decisions.Published jointly by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO and the Commonwealth Secretariat.

Business Guide to the World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848597044
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Business Guide to the World Trading System by :

Download or read book Business Guide to the World Trading System written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a sequel to the highly successful Business Guide to the Uruguay Round.It provides an overview of achievements of the Uruguay Round and the legal system established by it and explains the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This edition contains updates on new developments which have taken place since 1996. It also contains a new section on the six trade-related subject areas: trade and environment, trade and investment, competition policy, transparency in government and procurement, trade facilitation and electronic commerce. A thorough understanding of the World Trading System is critical to increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in Commonwealth countries. This publication will be an essential tool to the international business community and will help business leaders to better understand the implications of the WTO Agreements and how to apply the various provisions and rules to their day-to-day business decisions.Published jointly by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO and the Commonwealth Secretariat.

The World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262600279
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Trading System by : John Howard Jackson

Download or read book The World Trading System written by John Howard Jackson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of The World Trading System was published in 1989, the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations has been completed, and most governments have ratified and are in the process of implementing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In the Uruguay Round, more than 120 nations negotiated for over eight years, to produce a document of some 26,000 pages. This new edition of The World Trading System takes account of these and other developments. Like the first edition, however, its treatment of topical issues is grounded in the fundamental legal, constitutional, institutional, and political realities that mold trade policy. Thus the book continues to serve as an introduction to the study of trade law and policy. Two basic premises of The World Trading System are that economic concerns are central to foreign affairs, and that national economies are growing more interdependent. The author presents the economic principles of international trade policy and then examines how they operate under real- world constraints. In particular, he examines the extremely elaborate system of rules that governs international economic relations. Until now, the bulk of international trade policy has addressed trade in goods; issues inadequately addressed by policy include trade in services, intellectual property rights, certain investment measures, and agriculture. The author highlights the tension between legal rules, designed to create predictability and stability, and the governments need to make exceptions to solve short-term problems. He also looks at weaknesses of international trade policy, especially as it applies to developing countries and economies in transition. He concludes with a look at issues that will shape international trade policy well into the twenty-first century.

Emerging Powers and the World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108495192
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Powers and the World Trading System by : Gregory Shaffer

Download or read book Emerging Powers and the World Trading System written by Gregory Shaffer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the rise of China, India, and Brazil in the international trading system, and the implications for trade law.

Doing Business Anywhere

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470149612
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Doing Business Anywhere by : Tom Travis

Download or read book Doing Business Anywhere written by Tom Travis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Through his principles of global trade and real-life examples, Tom Travis will help you find your seat at the globalization table. If you want to understand the universal themes for global expansion, read this book." --George Feldenkreis, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Perry Ellis International "Keeping your focus on high ethical standards as well as security, building solid personal relationships, and maintaining real openness while expecting the unexpected – these are good rules for anyone seeking to compete in a rapidly, and in many ways, radically changing global economy. This book has such good advice, and more." --Bill Brock, Former U.S. Trade Representative "Doing Business Anywhere is an excellent book for any business person who thinks global. The Tenets of Global Trade Travis outlines are the fundamental building blocks for global business. Read this book, then read it again." --Rodney M. Birkins Jr., Senior Vice President, Global Sourcing Design & Product Development, QVC Inc. "Doing Business Anywhere by Tom Travis captures that very unique perspective of the core issues and break-through thinking on global trade. Tom's great counsel and insight brings to light a perspective that is crucial to succeed in the challenges as well as issues related to global trade. Well done!" --Jerry Cook, VP Government and Trade Relations, Hanesbrands, Inc. "Anyone whose business relies on going global needs to read this book and understand its message. Tom Travis has artfully distilled the most important principles of international trade." --Ken Eaton, Former SR VP and Managing Director, Global Procurement, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. "With his decades of international experience, only Tom Travis could have articulated global trade in such a clear, educational and enjoyable manner. Doing Business Anywhere is a must read for "every" business leader and manager." --Steven R. Walton, Chairman, Wing Tai International Apparel Group "Doing Business Anywhere clearly demonstrates that Tom Travis is a master of the game…his thoughtful guide to global trade and his clear prose make this a must read for anyone wanting to compete and succeed in the global economy." --Mark B. Rosenberg, Chancellor, State University System of Florida "As a professor, author, entrepreneur and consultant on the supply chain who has seen the supply chain evolve from a domestic practice to a global science I tip my hat to Tom Travis for condensing everything entrepreneurs and business leaders need to know about global trade into one concise and absorbing book. Tom rightly points out that because problems and road blocks can exist at every turn that integrating his Six Tenets of Global Trade into every aspect of your supply chain is critical to your success. This book is hard to put down as each of the tenets is presented in the context of real stories of global trade. Intriguing! Everyone in global trade should have Doing Business Anywhere on their bookshelf." --James A. Tompkins Ph.D., Chairman, CEO and Founder of Tompkins Associates., Inc. "Challenges and opportunities are an integral part of today’s international trade environment. Not only do we have to secure the trade supply chain but we also have to facilitate the movement of legitimate goods across borders. For those of us involved in this form of economic activity, whether we are from the public or private sector, it is vital that we recognize the importance of international trade to the economic prosperity of the world’s nations. Its catalytic role in alleviating poverty, enhancing financial stability, and promoting social well-being can never be under-estimated. As the author of this book, Tom Travis, so rightly says, we are all actively involved in global trade as we go about our daily lives whether we consciously know this or not. Globalization too is part and parcel of the international trade landscape and it is imperative that one learns to navigate this terrain if one wants to succeed in the business environment of the 21st century. This is exactly what this book sets out to do. It provides the reader with six tenets of global trade backed by clear explanations as to how they should be applied in real-world situations involving a wide range of role-players. The book is an indispensable guide to trans-national economic operators, global business leaders and others who are part of the international customs and trade community as it provides an arsenal of tools that will enrich the quality of doing business globally. From taking advantage of trade agreements, to protecting your brand at all costs, to maintaining high ethical standards, Tom Travis' incredible understanding of the business world and the issues that impact on the trade environment make him the ultimate business coach. Indeed, the book captures the essential ingredients that are necessary to make today’s business men and women excel and win. This essential guide is a global winner and I highly recommend it for its insight and value-added leadership." --Michel Danet, Secretary General, World Customs Organization "With his Six Tenets of Global Trade, author Tom Travis will help CEOs everywhere get it right when it comes to global trade. He lays out the most important aspects of trade that businesspeople—especially those of us in the apparel industry - need to know in order to be successful. It's not easy to manage the numerous elements involved in forging trust-based and profitable trade relationships - relationships that benefit everyone involved. This incisive book helps businesspeople achieve just that. His lessons on branding and social responsibility in particular are hugely valuable for anyone just entering the worldwide trade arena. And even if you've been around the global block a few times, you'll learn something new and thought provoking. Travis's book is an essential read for anyone expanding their horizons globally. " --Scott A. Edmonds, President & Chief Executive Officer, Chico's FAS, Inc. "This book overflows with many valuable lessons for anyone who wants a better understanding of how global trade is shaping our world. It's a delightful surprise to find a business book that takes such a comprehensive look at global trade. Tom Travis's examples and tenets show that for global trade to truly be positive it must create sustainability in all of the areas involved." --Pietra Rivoli, Author of The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade

The Economics of the World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262524346
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of the World Trading System by : Kyle Bagwell

Download or read book The Economics of the World Trading System written by Kyle Bagwell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World trade is governed by the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO sets rules of conduct for the international trade of goods and services and for intellectual property rights, provides a forum for multinational negotiations to resolve trade problems, and has a formal mechanism for dispute settlement. It is the primary institution working, through rule-based bargaining, at freeing trade. In this book, Kyle Bagwell and Robert Staiger provide an economic analysis and justification for the purpose and design of the GATT/WTO. They summarize their own research, discuss the major features of the GATT agreement, and survey the literature on trade agreements. Their focus on the terms-of-trade externality is particularly original and ties the book together. Topics include the theory of trade agreements, the origin and design of the GATT and the WTO, the principles of reciprocity, the most favored nation principle, terms-of-trade theory, enforcement, preferential trade agreements, labor and environmental standards, competition policy, and agricultural export subsidies.

A Guide to the Global Business Environment

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783476680
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to the Global Business Environment by : William Kerr

Download or read book A Guide to the Global Business Environment written by William Kerr and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'I have used the materials contained in this book extensively in a major trade-related capacity, building a technical training program for trade officials and business people in six countries in Southeast Asia to great effect. The book fills an important gap in the existing literature on the subject and links international economic policy to practical hands on international business management. It underlines the importance of understanding the increasingly complex nature of international markets and offers useful options for mitigating their risk.' - Wayne Robinson, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, Canada This MBA textbook provides a guide to the international institutions, both public and private, that exist to regulate and facilitate international business. William Kerr and Nicholas Perdikis explain how international business decision making should take into account the ideas and institutions that make up the international commercial environment, such as why trade theories are important to business; the ways in which governments can restrict trade; the role of international trade rules in reducing risk; the threats that anti-dumping and countervail actions pose; the pros and cons of operating multilaterally; the role of trading houses and the advantages of using private sector institutions to settle international business disputes.

A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262371308
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century by : Robert W. Staiger

Download or read book A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century written by Robert W. Staiger and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-12-20 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When designing a world trading system for the twenty-first century, “Keep calm and carry on” beats “Move fast and break things.” Global trade is in trouble. Climate change, digital trade, offshoring, the rise of emerging markets led by China: Can the World Trade Organization (WTO), built for trade in the twentieth century, meet the challenges of the twenty-first? The answer is yes, Robert Staiger tells us, arguing that adapting the WTO to the changed economic environment would serve the world better than a radical reset. Governed by the WTO, on the principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), global trade rules traditionally focus on “shallow integration”—with an emphasis on reducing tariffs and trade impediments at the border—rather than “deep integration,” or direct negotiations over behind-the-border measures. Staiger charts the economic environment that gave rise to the former approach, explains when and why it worked, and surveys the changing landscape for global trade. In his analysis, the terms-of-trade theory of trade agreements provides a compelling framework for understanding the success of GATT in the twentieth century. And according to this understanding, Staiger concludes, the logic of GATT's design transcends many, if not all, of the current challenges faced by the WTO. With its penetrating view of the evolving global economic environment, A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century shows us a global trading system in need of reform, and Staiger makes a persuasive case for using the architecture of the GATT/WTO as a basis for that reform.

A Handbook of World Trade

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Author :
Publisher : GMB Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1905050763
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis A Handbook of World Trade by : Jonathan Reuvid

Download or read book A Handbook of World Trade written by Jonathan Reuvid and published by GMB Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2004 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of A Handbook of World Trade is a reliable reference source on the framework and mechanics of world trade. The guide examines the origins and nature of the WTO, regulatory issues and disputes in international trade, the management of foreign currencies in international trade, international trade finance and documentation, and international trade development issues. This authoritative analysis is supported by a directory of essential contacts and useful information including membership of regional trading groups, banking groups with trade finance capacity, export credit agencies, and reading lists.

The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond

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Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191522252
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond by : Bernard Hoekman

Download or read book The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond written by Bernard Hoekman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 ushered in a new era in world trading arrangements. Building on the General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs (GATT), the intergovernmental treaty that for 50 years had regulated international trade relations, the WTO is a global organization of equal standing to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and will set the agenda for international trade for decades to come. The authors of this volume were heavily involved in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations that laid the foundations for the creation of the WTO, and were ideally placed to see how the politics of negotiation affects the economics of trade. The Political Economy of the World Trading System is the first comprehensive and accessible introduction to the institutional mechanics, economics, and politics of the global trading networks. It goes beyond description of the rules of the WTO to analyse the political and economic forces that sculpted them, the incentives for countries to abide by them, and the likely future direction of the organization. The authors show how governments are not necessarily the social welfare-maximizing entities often found in textbooks, but instead develop policy subject to the pressures of a variety of interest groups. Although economic theory suggests that countries should pursue liberal trade policies and exchange goods and services on the basis of their comparative advantage, in practice most nations actively intervene in international trade. The political economy approach taken in this volume explains how the WTO functions, why GATT has been very successful in reducing tariffs, and why it has proven much more difficult to expand the reach of multilateral disciplines to domestic policies impacting on trade. This book will increase the reader's understanding of international economics, business, and international relations by supplying in-depth insider knowledge of how trade negotiations take place, how this decision-making affects trade policy, and how the multilateral arrangements that shape world trade are created. This information is crucial to understand why WTO rules are phrased as they are, and to understand the processes by which business organizations, industrial associations, and political lobbies influence the multilateral trading system. In this expanded and thoroughly revised edition, the authors have taken account of the recent developments in international trade relations, included an extra chapter on the historical importance of international trading arrangements, and updated all the references and guides to further reading.

The International Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134352484
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis The International Trading System by : Alice Landau

Download or read book The International Trading System written by Alice Landau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-02-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is without doubt one of our main instruments of globalization, the controversy which is whipped up by this organization is arguably mainly caused by the mystery which surrounds it.The International Trade System seeks to remove the clouds of misunderstanding that circle the multilateral commercial system by clearly

Revitalizing the World Trading System

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009289314
Total Pages : 589 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Revitalizing the World Trading System by : Alan Wm. Wolff

Download or read book Revitalizing the World Trading System written by Alan Wm. Wolff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers the history of trade, the current state of the World Trade Organization and how it should be reformed.

A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287038128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by : Marc Bacchetta

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

The World Trade Organization

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1780745796
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Trade Organization by : David Collins

Download or read book The World Trade Organization written by David Collins and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important yet least understood organizations in the world, the WTO is a lynchpin of globalization, allowing us to enjoy products and services from around the globe. However, it also lays bare the frailty of many industries, leading some to claim that it stokes unemployment and harms the developing world. In this engaging introduction, David Collins examines the goals of the WTO and the difficulties experienced by member countries struggling to adapt to the pressures of globalization. Refuting the argument that the WTO should expand its mandate to cover wider social issues, Collins demonstrates how this would confuse the organization’s primary objective – to liberalize international trade. With case studies straight from the headlines and clear explanations of complex issues like regional trade agreements and currency manipulation, this lucid exposition is an essential insight into what the WTO does and how it fits into the world we know.

Survival Guide for Traders

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111815939X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Survival Guide for Traders by : Bennett A. McDowell

Download or read book Survival Guide for Traders written by Bennett A. McDowell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have guide for anyone considering entering the exciting world of trading from home The biggest stumbling block for people looking to launch their own trading businesses from home is a failure to understand the complexities of the "back office" operations needed to be successful. Survival Guide for Traders is here to help. Packed with strategies for building a successful home trading business, and featuring answers to questions most up-and-coming traders would never think to ask, Survival Guide for Traders is required reading for anyone who wants to start and sustain a trading business from home. Explains how to create a trading business plan, set up an office, implement a trading system, use margin, deal with legal and financial issues, and keep appropriate records Examines the opportunities and challenges of handling a home-based trading business Details the process of setting up and organizing your trading business Includes a comprehensive "Trading Business Plan Template" that you can customize Written by Bennett McDowell, a highly regarded trader and trainer of traders The book for anyone even thinking about entering the exciting world of trading, the Survival Guide for Traders offers practical solutions that anyone can use in order to build a lasting, thriving home trading business.

The World Trade Organization

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387226885
Total Pages : 3142 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Trade Organization by : International Trade Law Center

Download or read book The World Trade Organization written by International Trade Law Center and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 3142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors have succeeded in bringing together an excellent mix of leading scholars and practitioners. No book on the WTO has had this wide a scope before or covered the legal framework, economic and political issues, current and would-be countries and a outlook to the future like these three volumes do. 3000 pages, 80 chapters in 3 volumes cover a very interdiscplinary field that touches upon law, economics and politics.

The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond

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Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780198294313
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (943 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond by : Bernard Hoekman

Download or read book The Political Economy of the World Trading System : WTO and Beyond written by Bernard Hoekman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 ushered in a new era in world trading arrangements. Building on the General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs (GATT), the intergovernmental treaty that for 50 years had regulated international trade relations, the WTO is a global organization of equal standing to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and will set the agenda for international trade for decades to come. The authors of this volume were heavily involved in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations that laid the foundations for the creation of the WTO, and were ideally placed to see how the politics of negotiation affects the economics of trade. The Political Economy of the World Trading System is the first comprehensive and accessible introduction to the institutional mechanics, economics, and politics of the global trading networks. It goes beyond description of the rules of the WTO to analyse the political and economic forces that sculpted them, the incentives for countries to abide by them, and the likely future direction of the organization. The authors show how governments are not necessarily the social welfare-maximizing entities often found in textbooks, but instead develop policy subject to the pressures of a variety of interest groups. Although economic theory suggests that countries should pursue liberal trade policies and exchange goods and services on the basis of their comparative advantage, in practice most nations actively intervene in international trade. The political economy approach taken in this volume explains how the WTO functions, why GATT has been very successful in reducing tariffs, and why it has proven much more difficult to expand the reach of multilateral disciplines to domestic policies impacting on trade. This book will increase the reader's understanding of international economics, business, and international relations by supplying in-depth insider knowledge of how trade negotiations take place, how this decision-making affects trade policy, and how the multilateral arrangements that shape world trade are created. This information is crucial to understand why WTO rules are phrased as they are, and to understand the processes by which business organizations, industrial associations, and political lobbies influence the multilateral trading system. In this expanded and thoroughly revised edition, the authors have taken account of the recent developments in international trade relations, included an extra chapter on the historical importance of international trading arrangements, and updated all the references and guides to further reading.