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Bible Translations Comparison Powerpoint
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Book Synopsis Bible Translations Made Easy by : Rose Publishing
Download or read book Bible Translations Made Easy written by Rose Publishing and published by Rose Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You're shopping for a Bible for yourself or a loved one, but there are so many decisions to make: KJV, NIV, ESV, The Message, and so on... How do you decide which Bible translation is right for you? Bible Translations Made Easy is the newest addition to the beloved Made Easy series comparing the top 20 translations in one easy-to-read guide! Ever wonder why there are so many different versions of the Bible? How do you know which translation to choose? This handy book is an informative and practical resource for understanding the most popular English Bible translations today. Loaded with valuable information, this book will show you what to look for when choosing a Bible by understanding the key methods of Bible translation: Word-for-WordThought-for-ThoughtBalance of previous two methodsOr a fourth translation treatment of a paraphrase It also shows the various reading levels required for each translation, from very formal English (such as the King James Version) to easy-to-read translations (like the New Living Translation). It provides brief overviews about Greek and Hebrew source manuscripts as well as sample verses for each translation so you can compare the wording! 5 Key Features of Bible Translation Made Easy Handbook Introductions to Each Bible Translation.Easy-to-Understand Overview.Full-Color Charts and Illustrations.Well-Researched.Pocket-Sized. Perfect for group and individual Bible study, Sunday school, youth groups, new believers' classes, church libraries, discipleship, and more!
Book Synopsis Bible Translations Comparison Pamphlet by : Rose Publishing
Download or read book Bible Translations Comparison Pamphlet written by Rose Publishing and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2007-02-21 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compare 20 Bible translations in a single glance. Discover what the translations have in common, how they differ, and which one is best for you. It's all found in the bestselling Bible Translations Comparison pamphlet that offers an easy-to-use format, full color design and glossy finish. The comparison chart displays: the name of the translation, the method of translation, sponsors, textual basis, purpose, sample verses to show the difference in wording, the year published, and much more. Some of the translations include: New Revised Standard, Amplified Bible, King James Version, The Message, among others. Size: 8.5x 5.5 unfolds to 33 long. Fits inside most Bible covers. Scholars have been translating the Bible for 2000 years and over the centuries, three primary methods of translation have evolved. The Bible Translations Comparison chart helps pastors, teachers, and students of the Word understand the approach to 20 Bible translations by providing the following information: Translation method & reading level Year it was published Number of translators who worked on the project Sponsor of the translation version Textual basis Purpose Noteworthy facts Sample verses This Bible Translations Comparison fold-out chart also provides a brief glossary of key words regarding translations, as well as a diagram that explains the three most popular Greek texts used for Bible translation. The Bible Translations pamphlet compares the following Bible translations: American Standard Version (ASV) Amplified Bible (AMP) New American Standard Bible (NASB) Revised Standard Version (RSV) New Revised Standard Version (NSRV) English Standard Version (ESV) King James Version (KJV) New King JamesVersion (NKJV) New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) New American Bible (NAB) New International Version (NIV) Today's New International Version (TNIV) God's Word (GW) Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) New Century Version (NCV) New Living Translation (NLT) New International Readers Version (NIrV) Good News Translation (GNT) Contemporary English Version (CEV) The Message The pamphlet's introductory information explains why new translations continue to appear. Also provided is a brief overview of the three primary methods of translation as well as a fourth translation treatment that has evolved over the centuries. The side-by-side translations are color coded to reference the four translation treatments shown below: Word-for-Word Balance--a process that mediates between word-for-word and thought-for-thought Thought-for-thought Paraphrase--a restatement of a translation The Bible Translations Comparison pamphlet provides a list of 13 Important Words to Know such as: Apocrypha Biblia Hebraica Dead Sea Scrolls Masoretic Text Septuagint And the major groups of Greek manuscripts, or text types: Western Lucianic Byzantine Alexandrian
Book Synopsis Bible Translations Comparison PowerPoint by : Rose Publishing
Download or read book Bible Translations Comparison PowerPoint written by Rose Publishing and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easily teach your small group, congregation, or Bible class how each of the top 20 English Bible translations compare! This 100-slide PowerPoint presentation includes everything you need to lead a class! With the click of a mouse, get an overview of the major English translations available. Get an understanding of how each translation differs, what the purposes or origins of the translations are, and even decide which translation is right for you!
Book Synopsis Teacher's Manual to accompany Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles by : Katharine Barnwell
Download or read book Teacher's Manual to accompany Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles written by Katharine Barnwell and published by SIL International. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are an instructor preparing a course, a trainer of beginning translators, or a self-study student of Bible translation, this teacher's manual is an essential complement to the fourth edition of Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles. It includes: an introduction to planning the training program lesson plans and suggested assignments directions for use of additional resources, including PowerPoints, PDFs, and links to reference materials and videos guidance for planning and organising a Bible translation project
Book Synopsis The Bible at a Glance by : Rose Publishing
Download or read book The Bible at a Glance written by Rose Publishing and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2013-12-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rose Bible Basics: The Bible at a Glance - What You Need To Know About The Bible Rose Bible Basics: The Bible at a Glance contains the basics everyone should know about the Bible. This full-color ebook contains: •A Bible Overview - summarizes each book of the Bible in 100 words or less •A Bible Time Line - compares Bible history and world history side by side •A handy guide on how to study the Bible inductively •Then & Now Bible Maps - shows where biblical events took place and where they are in relation to modern day sites Rose Bible Basics: The Bible at a Glance also contains a handy list of favorite Bible verses, Bible promises, the basics of following Jesus (forgiveness, love, prayer, tithing, salvation, serving, dealing with doubt and fear, trusting in God, and more), and an easy to understand introduction to Bible translations with a comparison chart showing the top 20 english translations. Includes color diagrams, maps, charts, illustrations, and photos throughout and discussion questions to use personally, or in small groups, new members classes, church groups, new believer classes, and homeschools. Rose Bible Basics: The Bible at a Glance combines eight of the most popular Rose pamphlets: Bible Overview, Bible Time Line, How to Study the Bible, Then and Now Bible Maps, Where to Find Favorite Bible Verses, Bible Promises, Following Jesus, and Bible Translations Comparison chart. (A $32 value for only $14.99.)
Book Synopsis Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles, Fourth Edition by : Katharine Barnwell
Download or read book Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles, Fourth Edition written by Katharine Barnwell and published by SIL International. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles continues to provide crucial, practical training for those preparing to translate the Bible or contribute to Bible translation in other ways. The fourth edition of this classic textbook is a leading voice in addressing the following developments in the Bible translation world: • The priority of oral communication and its value in draft ing, testing, and polishing draft translations. • The availability of soft ware and online resources specifi cally designed for Bible translation; exercises and assignments include practice in the use of these resources. • The increase in Old Testament translation projects worldwide; more examples and exercises from the Old Testament are included. • The value of partnership and teamwork in translation projects, recognizing the diff erent gift s, skills, and roles of those involved, helping each team member to serve eff ectively as a member of a team. • The involvement of local churches and community in the translation process; planning for local responsibility, ownership and sustainability as fully as possible in each translation project. • The importance of ongoing training for translators, including training translators to train others and preparing capable translators to serve as translation consultants in due time. The materials are designed for the classroom but are also suitable for self-study, for example, by those who are already qualifi ed in biblical languages and exegetical skills and are training as translation consultants. A companion Teacher’s Manual is also available. Documents, references, and links to videos and other published works can be found online at: publications.sil.org/bibletranslation_additionalmaterials. Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles has previously been translated in whole or in part into French, Hindi, Indonesian, Kannada, Malagasy, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swahili, Tamil, and Telugu. For information on translation or republishing, contact: sil.org/resources/publications/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Rose Book of Bible Charts by : Rose Publishing (Torrance, Calif.)
Download or read book Rose Book of Bible Charts written by Rose Publishing (Torrance, Calif.) and published by Rose Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the attributes of God to charts of what the Bible says about prayer, forgiveness, and money, easily cover 27 Bible topics with this easy-to-use, reproducible book! Enjoy having hundreds of fascinating facts at your fingertips and quickly find out what you need to know at a glance with dozens of helpful visual aids. Covers Christian living, Bible study advice, simple summaries of books of the Bible, and more! Plus, every page is reproducible--make up to 300 copies for your friends, small group members, and students. Covers Key Bible Topics, Including: Who I Am in Christ, Attributes of GodSpiritual Gifts Test, One-Year Bible Reading Plan, 24 Ways to Explain the GospelLife of Moses and Joseph, Book of Acts (and more!)Volume 3 of the Leading Full-Color Bible Chart Book SeriesCovers 27 popular Bible topics not included in Rose Book of Bible Charts Vol. 1 or 2.Shows hundreds of facts at a glance, covering everything from spiritual disciplines, identity in Christ, attributes of God, forgiveness, Revelation, and more!Features full-color charts, maps, and time lines that make Bible topics and Christian teaching simple, concise, and easy to understand.Gives helpful resources such as a spiritual gifts test, one-year Bible reading plan, Jerusalem time line, and more! Includes Reproducible Christian Charts on 27 Key Bible Topics, including--Christian Living and Christian Discipleship TopicsFavorite Bible TopicsComparisons Charts of Christian ViewsBible Character StudiesBible Overviews on Old Testament Books of the BibleBible Overviews on New Testament Books of the BibleBonus material includes full-color time line and One-Year Bible reading plan!
Book Synopsis Denominations Comparison PowerPoint by : Rose Publishing
Download or read book Denominations Comparison PowerPoint written by Rose Publishing and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2005-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This UPDATED ready-to-use 220-slide PowerPoint presentation gives a comparison between 12 different Christian church denominations and their beliefs about God, Jesus, scripture, baptism, "what is the church," salvation, Lord's Supper, and more. From the Catholic Church to Lutheran Churches and Presbyterian Churches, get an in-depth overview of the top 12 Christian denominations. Includes Detailed Overview Comparing 12 Christian Denominations Includes-- When it was founded -- founder, number of members, etc. Scripture -- interpretation, canon, etc. God and Jesus -- who is God? Divinity of Jesus, etc. Salvation -- Christ, grace, etc. After death -- hell, heaven, purgatory, etc. The Church -- role, hierarchy, etc. Rituals & sacraments -- baptism, communion, eucharist, etc. and more! A family tree shows how each denomination began. Trusted information is from official publications and directories of each church denomination. Denominations include: Baptist Churches of Christ Anabaptist Orthodox Presbyterian Anglican Lutheran Congregational Adventist Pentecostal Catholic Methodist Also features: Amish, Quakers, Roman Catholic, Calvinist (Reformed), Calvary Chapel, and more! With more than 220 slides, this presentation is customizable and flexible enough to teach for weeks or in one class. Show all twelve groups at once, or just one. You control the speed, the timing, and the order. See system requirements below. Pamphlet version available for helpful handouts and giveaways. 3 Key Features of the Christian Denomination Comparison PowerPoint Lesson 1. Enjoy Having a Solid Overview of 12 Christian Denominations Easily get an understanding of how each denomination differs, what their origins are, and how their beliefs compare to one another! This Denomination Comparison PowerPoint presentation includes: Easy-to-understand overview of the 12 main church denominations Key information at a glance! This PowerPoint presentation compares 12 denominations in 7 key areas. A family tree that shows how each denomination began Helpful key terms on 13 "Important Words to Know" such as: Apocrypha, Biblia Hebraica, Dead Sea Scrolls, Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and more! 2. Relevant. Easily Compare the Top 12 Christian Denominations Today! From the Catholic Church and the Anglican denomination to Presbyterian and Pentecostal Churches, learn the incredible histories of these denominations and how they came to be. 3. Reproducible Worksheets and Notes to Teach an Incredible Denomination Comparison Presentation Teaching has never been easier. Included in the PowerPoint CD you will find: Handy notes and additional references for teaching and your students An incredible chart of the Old Testament Canon according to denomination Application and quiz questions for discussion, study, and reflection A family tree of denominations A list of need-to-know key terms and definitions like: Apocrypha, Eucharist, Ecumenical, and much more! Give your class or Bible study the tools they need to know on comparing Christian denominations and equip them for a solid lifelong knowledge of Church history! Perfect for individual study, discipleship, small group or Sunday school class, Christian school, homeschoolers, new believer's class, church library, and more!
Book Synopsis Christian History Made Easy Leader Guide by : Timothy Paul Jones
Download or read book Christian History Made Easy Leader Guide written by Timothy Paul Jones and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People and Events Every Christian Should Know In this 12-session DVD-based study, Dr. Timothy Paul Jones takes you through the most important events in Christian history from the time of the apostles to today. He brings to life the fascinating people and events that shaped our world. This isn’t dry names and dates. It’s full of dramatic stories told with a touch of humor. This series, based on Dr. Jones’s popular award-winning book Christian History Made Easy, ties in spiritual lessons believers can glean by looking at the past, and shows how God was still working in his church despite all the ups and downs. You will learn: • The fascinating stories of people such as St. Patrick, Martin Luther, and Augustine. • People who changed history: Constantine, Charlemagne, and Francis of Assisi • How we got the Bible that we read today — John Wycliffe, William Tyndale and others. • The Middle Ages and the Reformation: Kings and Queens, Monks and Reformers • Where church doctrines and practices originated. • How the Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant churches came to be. • Reason and Revival - How modernity and the scientific revolution affected Christianity. • How Christianity has spread around the world You don’t have to be an expert to lead this 12-session study. Perfect for small groups, Bible studies, or personal use. Ages: Young adult to adult. The Sessions The 12 sessions cover major eras and topics with plenty of stories and humor. You’ll cover the early church, monasticism, medieval conflicts, the Protestant Reformation, the Great Awakening, 19th-century missions, modernity, and postmodernism.
Book Synopsis Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps, and Time Lines by : Rose Publishing (Torrance, Calif.)
Download or read book Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps, and Time Lines written by Rose Publishing (Torrance, Calif.) and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 Bible Reference book celebrates its 10th anniversary with this 230-page edition that features more Bible maps, charts and illustrations than the original! This stunning, easy-to-understand reference book still provides the same full-color, reproducible Bible charts and overviews that made the original a favorite--but in an easier-to-use, updated format! This 10th anniversary edition of the Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps and Time Lines features over 200 Bible Charts, Maps, and Timelines--and includes more pages, 6 extra topics, updated information, and a bonus 24" fold-out on Jesus' Family Tree. Every church library and every home should have a copy of Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps and Time Lines. This book contains thousands of facts that will enrich your understanding and study of the Bible, and will be a great resource as you teach others about the Word of God. "If I could give only two books to a new Christian, one would be the Bible and the other would be this book." --Dr. Ed Hindson, President of World Prophetic Ministry and pastor on the The King is Coming telecast Features more than 200 reproducible Bible charts, maps, and timelines, including: Foldout Posters: Bible Time Line and Jesus' Genealogy Overviews on Popular Old Testament Topics, including the Tabernacle, Ark of the Covenant, Names of God, Feasts & Holidays of the Bible, and much more Overviews on Popular New Testament Topics, including the 12 Disciples, Armor of God, Fruit of the Spirit, and much more Overviews of Jesus' Life and Teachings Bible Overview: Books of the Bible and Key Bible Stories Christian History, including "How We Got the Bible" and a Christian History Time Line Charts Comparing Christianity to Islam and 20 Other World Religions Overviews on Bible Prophecy, Revelation, and the End Times Bible Maps Bible Illustrations and Diagrams "It is awesome! Rose Publishing has produced one of the finest books I have ever seen. Every aspect of the charts, maps and time lines leaps off the page with spectacular color, incredible accuracy and intricate detail. . . . A must for every pastor and teacher who wants to clearly present the truths of the Bible." --Dr. Jerry Falwell, Founder of Liberty University "A compendium of charts, time lines, lists and illustrations to accompany study of the Bible. This visually appealing resource provides a wide array of illustrative and textually concise references, beginning with three sets of charts covering the Bible as a whole, the Old Testament and the New Testament. These charts cover such topics as biblical weights and measures, feasts and holidays and the 12 disciples. Most of the charts use a variety of illustrative techniques to convey lessons and provide visual interest. A worthwhile example is 'How We Got the Bible, ' which provides a time line of translation history, comparisons of canons among faiths and portraits of important figures in biblical translation, such as Jerome and John Wycliffe. The book then presents a section of maps, followed by diagrams to conceptualize such structures as Noah's Ark and Solomon's Temple. Finally, a section on Christianity, cults and other religions describes key aspects of history and doctrine for certain Christian sects and other faith traditions. Overall, the authors take a traditionalist, conservative approach. For instance, they list Moses as the author of the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) without making mention of claims to the contrary. When comparing various Christian sects and world religions, the emphasis is on doctrine and orthodox theology. Some chapters, however, may not completely align with the needs of Catholic and Orthodox churches. But the author's leanings are muted enough and do not detract from the work's usefulness. As a resource, it's well organized, inviting and visually stimulating. Even the most seasoned reader will learn something while browsing. Worthwhile reference stuffed with facts and illustrations." --Kirkus Reviews
Download or read book Septuagint, Targum and Beyond written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Septuagint, Targum and Beyond leading experts in the fields of biblical textual criticism and reception history explore the relationship between the two major Jewish translation traditions of the Hebrew Bible. In comparing these Greek and Aramaic versions from Jewish antiquity the essays collected here not only tackle the questions of mutual influence and common exegetical traditions, but also move beyond questions of direct dependence, applying insights from modern translation studies and comparing corpora beyond the Old Greek and Targum, including, for instance, Greek and Aramaic translations found at Qumran, the Samareitikon, and later Greek versions.
Book Synopsis The Textual Basis of English Translations of the Hebrew Bible by : S. C. Daley
Download or read book The Textual Basis of English Translations of the Hebrew Bible written by S. C. Daley and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword by A. Schenker S. C. Daley’s book, The Textual Basis of English Translations of the Hebrew Bible, moves us beyond existing uncertainties about the textual basis of modern Bible translations to a fresh understanding of the text-critical constitution of well-known English translations of the past four hundred years. Most translations depart from the Masoretic Text selectively, and in-depth analysis of their textual decisions leads (1) to the identification of distinct periods in the textual history of the English Bible, (2) to a classification of the translations by eclectic type, and (3) to the observation that each translation is ultimately unique from a text-critical perspective. The study then revisits the topic of the text to be translated in Bibles intended for the wider public.
Book Synopsis Feasts of the Bible Participant Guide by : Sam Nadler
Download or read book Feasts of the Bible Participant Guide written by Sam Nadler and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the companion participant guide to the Feasts of the Bible 6-Session DVD-based Study. It gives the participant discussion questions, quizzes, a place for taking notes and listing prayer requests, additional Old Testament information about types of offerings, the role of the priests, the meaning of Jesus' teaching that he was "Lord of the Sabbath," and more. Includes a calendar of the feasts (they change dates each year) and diagrams and charts for the tabernacle and the feasts of the Lord. Some Christians miss the importance of the biblical feasts, seeing them as merely "Jewish" holidays, but Scripture says these are the Feasts of the Lord God established for all people for all time. Now you can connect the Hebrew roots of Christianity and the symbolism that points to Jesus Christ using this6-session DVD-based study and Participation Guide, The Feasts of the Bible, sold seperately.
Book Synopsis Interpreting the Qurʾān with the Bible (Tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi-l-Kitāb) by : R. Michael McCoy III
Download or read book Interpreting the Qurʾān with the Bible (Tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi-l-Kitāb) written by R. Michael McCoy III and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Interpreting the Qurʾān with the Bible, R. Michael McCoy III examines the reception of the Arabic Bible in tafsīr literature by analyzing Ibn Barraǧān’s (d. 546/1141) and al-Biqāʿī’s (d. 885/1480) methods of scriptural engagement.
Book Synopsis Feasts of the Bible Leader Guide by : Sam Nadler
Download or read book Feasts of the Bible Leader Guide written by Sam Nadler and published by Rose Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the companion leader guide to the Feasts of the Bible 6-Session DVD-based Study. It gives the leader everything needed to host this fascinating topic as a Sunday school class, small group, or home fellowship. Leading this study is easy, because all of the teaching is done by Dr. Sam Nadler, the presenter on the DVD. The Leader Guide contains tips for opening each session, how much time to spend on each part of the discussion, additional Old Testament information about types of offerings, the role of the priests, the meaning of Jesus' teaching that he was "Lord of the Sabbath," and Frequently Asked Questions. Includes discussion questions, quizzes, a place to list prayer requests, a calendar of the feasts (they change dates each year) and diagrams and charts for the tabernacle and the feasts of the Lord. Some Christians miss the importance of the biblical feasts, seeing them as merely ""Jewish"" holidays, but Scripture says these are the Feasts of the Lord God established for all people for all time. Now you can connect the Hebrew roots of Christianity and the symbolism that points to Jesus Christ using this6-session DVD-based study, The Feasts of the Bible. This is the ultimate 6-session DVD-based study on the feasts and holidays of the Bible. Dr. Sam Nadler is your guide through the feasts. Brought up in a traditional Jewish home, Sam came to believe in Jesus as Messiah. He served with Jews for Jesus, Chosen People Ministries, and is now president of Word of Messiah Ministries.
Book Synopsis God Made the World by : Sarah Jean Collins
Download or read book God Made the World written by Sarah Jean Collins and published by Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. This book was released on 2017 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This colorful board book reveals how God created the world in simple, easy-to-remember rhymes as Collins uses geometric designs to create bright, beautiful, and exiting pictures that preschoolers will want to look at over and over again. Full color.
Book Synopsis Languages of Islam and Christianity in Post-Soviet Russia by : Gulnaz Sibgatullina
Download or read book Languages of Islam and Christianity in Post-Soviet Russia written by Gulnaz Sibgatullina and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her book, Gulnaz Sibgatullina examines the intricate relationship of religion, identity and language-related beliefs against the background of socio-political changes in post-Soviet Russia. Focusing on the Russian and Tatar languages, she explores how they simultaneously serve the needs of both Muslims and Christians living in the country today. Mapping linguistic strategies of missionaries, converts and religious authorities, Sibgatullina demonstrates how sacred vocabulary in each of the languages is being contested by a variety of social actors, often with competing agendas. These linguistic collisions not only affect meanings of the religious lexicon in Tatar and Russian but also drive a gradual convergence of Russia's Islam and Christianity.
