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Author : Griffith Feeney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Below Replacement Fertility in China? written by Griffith Feeney and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Guo Zhigang
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135161293X
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book China's Low Birth Rate and the Development of Population written by Guo Zhigang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the most populous country in the world, China’s demographic challenges have always been too many people for ecological system, resources, and the environment. However, by the early 1990s, fertility rate in China had dropped below the replacement level, and China’s low fertility has now attracted the world’s attention. This book is among the first studies to raise and examine questions on low fertility in China, believing that China has entered a new era featured by low birth rate and ageing population. Utilizing advanced research methods and models on low fertility to analyze China’s census data, this book explores the issues from various perspectives. Methodologies employed in past population studies, policy making concerning fertility rate, underreporting of births and fertility rate estimates, fertility level of the migrant population, current population pattern, long-term population trends, population dynamics, and many other thought-provoking problems are covered. Finally, the book revisits China’s population issues in the context of globalization. The 21st century has seen the new challenge of persistent population decrease and ageing worldwide, which, along with economic globalization, demands a new understanding of the changes in population pattern and their consequences. Researchers and students in China’s demographic and social studies will be attracted by the insightful analysis and rich materials provided in the book. Population policy makers will also benefit from it.
Author : Guangyu Zhang
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783838300610
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (6 download)
Download or read book China's Far Below Replacement Level Fertility in the 1990s written by Guangyu Zhang and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How fast and how far China s fertility declined in the 1990s had long been a matter of considerable debate. The very low fertility, despite consistently being reported in a number of statistical investigations over time, was attributed to underreporting of births. However, a careful interpretation of data goes far beyond considering the numbers, which calls for a thorough understanding of different data collection mechanisms, the programmatic and societal changes that occurred in the 1990s, which greatly affected both fertility changes and data collection efforts. After undertaking a systematic analysis of fertility data collected during the past two decades, this book concludes that it was a reality of substantial fertility decline in China over the decade reaching the level around 1.6 children per women in 2000, and it is a proper time to consider an alternative of the one-child policy. This book is a valuable addition to our knowledge of Chinese changing population, and will be of special interest of demographers, social researchers, program practitioners and policy makers in China.
Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431557814
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications written by Noriko O. Tsuya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Below Replacement Fertility written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jiajian Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (729 download)
Download or read book Province-level Variation in the Achievement of Below-replacement Fertility in China written by Jiajian Chen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319214829
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Low and Lower Fertility written by Ronald R. Rindfuss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.
Author : Guangyu Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (271 download)
Download or read book China's Far Below Replacement Level Fertility written by Guangyu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Judith Banister
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book China's Family Planning Program written by Judith Banister and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shuang Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Family Size in Low-fertility China written by Shuang Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly half of the world population today lives in countries with below- replacement level fertility, and the policy challenges posed by low fertility and small family size are no longer confined to industrialized countries. Yet, most of our knowledge about fertility and family size in developing countries is generated from high- fertility settings. With more developing countries expected to reach below-replacement fertility levels, there is a compelling need to renew our understanding of the determinants and effects of family size in developing countries under the new fertility regime.This dissertation consists of three studies set in the context of China, where fertility has reached and remained below the replacement level since the early 1990s. In Chapter 1, I re-evaluate the effect of women’s education on fertility by exploiting China’s higher education expansion as a natural experiment. I find a positive causal effect of women’s education on the number of children ever born. I reveal that education does not cause women to delay their first marriage. Rather, it increases the demand for children among ever-married women. In Chapter 2, I examine whether the birth of a second child reduces parental investment in the firstborn child, measured by educational aspirations and expenditures. I also show how the effect varies by child gender, family socioeconomic status, and as the “one-child” policy changes. In Chapter 3, I present evidence that ending the “one-child” policy leads to an increase in desired family size, settling a long-standing debate about whether and to what extent fertility desires are depressed by policy restrictions in China. Together, findings from this dissertation not only help determine why low fertility persists in China but also have wider implications beyond the Chinese context.
Author : Warren C. Robinson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821369520
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book The Global Family Planning Revolution written by Warren C. Robinson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striking upsurge in population growth rates in developing countries at the close of World War II gained force during the next decade. From the 1950s to the 1970s, scholars and advocacy groups publicized the trend and drew troubling conclusions about its economic and ecological implications. Private educational and philanthropic organizations, government, and international organizations joined in the struggle to reduce fertility. Three decades later this movement has seen changes beyond anyone's most optimistic dreams, and global demographic stabilization is expected in this century. The Global Family Planning Revolution preserves the remarkable record of this success. Its editors and authors offer more than a historical record. They disccuss important lessons for current and future initiatives of the international community. Some programs succeeded while others initially failed, and the analyses provide valuable guidance for emerging health-related policy objectives and responses to global challenges.
Author : Paulin Straughan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134032099
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia written by Paulin Straughan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong SAR are among the very lowest-fertility countries in the whole world, and even China has reached fertility levels lower than those in many European countries. If these levels continue over long periods East Asia will soon face accelerating population decline in addition the changes in age distributions in such populations raise major new questions for planning of economic and social welfare. This book brings together work by noted experts on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an up-to-date analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries. Its role in bringing together information on policy trends and initiatives of a pro-natalist kind adopted over recent years in these countries is extremely important, as is the fact that the discussion of these pro-natalist policies is set in the context of a thorough analysis of what has driven fertility so low in these countries. Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia is invaluable to students and scholars of East Asian public and social policy, as well as fertility studies more generally.
Author : Danny Dorling
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745698441
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Why Demography Matters written by Danny Dorling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demography is not destiny. As Giacomo Casanova explained over two centuries ago: 'There is no such thing as destiny. We ourselves shape our own lives.' Today we are shaping them and our societies more than ever before. Globally, we have never had fewer children per adult: our population is about to stabilize, though we do not know when or at what number, or what will happen after that. It will be the result of billions of very private decisions influenced in turn by multiple events and policies, some more unpredictable than others. More people are moving further around the world than ever before: we too often see that as frightening, rather than as indicating greater freedom. Similarly, we too often lament greater ageing, rather than recognizing it as a tremendous human achievement with numerous benefits to which we must adapt. Demography comes to the fore most positively when we see that we have choices, when we understand variation and when we are not deterministic in our prescriptions. The study of demography has for too long been dominated by pessimism and inhuman, simplistic accounting. As this fascinating and persuasive overview demonstrates, how we understand our demography needs to change again.
Author : Isabelle Attané
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401789878
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Analysing China's Population written by Isabelle Attané and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on China’s recently released 2010 population census data, this edited volume analyses the most recent demographic trends in China, in the context of significant social and economic upheavals. The editor and the expert contributors describe the main features of China’s demography, and focus on the details of this latest phase of its demographic transition. The book explores such striking characteristics of China’s demography as the changing age and sex population structure; recent trends in marriage and divorce; fertility trends with a focus on sex imbalance at birth; the demography of the ethnic minorities and recent mortality trends by sex. Analysing China's Population: Social Change in a New Demographic Era examines and assesses the impact of changes that in the coming decades will be crucial for individuals, and the larger society and economy of the nation.
Author : Heather Kathleen Mary Terrell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Fertility in China in 2000 written by Heather Kathleen Mary Terrell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to maintain itself into the future, the People's Republic of China undertook in the 1970s a legendary demographic endeavor dealing with the artificial constraint of population growth. The "later, longer, fewer" policy and the more rigid one-child policy were efforts to expedite the demographic transition in the country. The ultimate goal was the stabilization and eventual decline of the population, via fertility at below-replacement levels for an extended period of time. According to the 2000 census, the total fertility rate (TFR) for China was 1.22 - well below 2.1, the replacement level of fertility. However, the country's TFR fluctuated spatially with rates of .86, 1.08, and 1.43, for cities, towns, and rural areas, respectively. Undoubtedly, China's family planning policy is largely responsible for the nation's current low fertility, as well as the geographical variation in fertility just mentioned. Research has shown, however, that other factors have played a part in this fertility transition and the subsequent variation at the regional, provincial, and county levels. In keeping with the expectations of demographic transition theory (DTT), quantitative studies conducted over the last twenty years have linked an assortment of socioeconomic factors with China's fertility decline and nationwide inconsistencies (Birdsall and Jamison 1983; Tien 1984; Poston and Gu 1987; Freedman et al. 1988; Peng 1989; Poston and Jia 1990; Poston 2000). My thesis built on and extended the above work, using the newly available demographic data provided by Census 2000. I tested the efficiency of demographic transition variables in explaining the variation in the TFR among the counties of China by estimating twelve Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression equations. Specifically, I examined the ways in which variables such as ethnicity, agricultural detachment, urbanization, economic conditions, cultural norms and gender differences were related to Chinese fertility in a nationwide analysis and in two region-specific analyses. My results showed rather definitively that demographic transition theory is applicable for predicting and understanding fertility among the counties of China. Irrespective of the nation's extensive family planning policy, it is apparent that other factors contribute to the varying fertility rates across the country.
Author : Wei Chen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000930181
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)
Download or read book China's Low Fertility and the Impacts of the Two-Child Policy written by Wei Chen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines China’s fertility transition over the past seven decades and explores the socioeconomic impacts of the two-child policy. The first half of this book highlights the characteristics of China’s low fertility and the risk of falling to an ultra-low state, aiming to answer the question: How China’s fertility is changing and evolving? How low is China’s fertility? What are the demographic structure, driving forces and institutional characteristics of China’s low fertility? The second half models the impacts of the two-child policy on China’s population trends and demands for women, infant and child health services, and education resources for preschool, compulsive education, addressing the questions of how the two-child policy affects fertility behaviours of Chinese women, particularly the second-child fertility? How would the two-child policy impact China’s future population trends, particularly labour supply and population aging? What are the consequences for obstetrics and gynaecological services, paediatrics and childcare services; and for school capacity and demand for teachers over compulsory education? The book will be an essential read for students and scholars of Chinese studies, population and demography studies, and those interested in contemporary China.
Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : International Policy Exchange
ISBN 13 : 019936107X
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book The "population Problem" in Pacific Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and published by International Policy Exchange. This book was released on 2019 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that Asia's population aging and stagnation needs to be viewed through a multi-dimensional lens, serving as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, and economics.--Adapted from dust jacket.
