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Behaviour Psychology Revivals
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Book Synopsis Social Behavior and Personality (Psychology Revivals) by : Arnold H. Buss
Download or read book Social Behavior and Personality (Psychology Revivals) written by Arnold H. Buss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of social behaviour and personality had for the most part been studied separately, originally published in 1986, this title was one of the first to consider them together. Social behaviours and contexts are analysed and distinctions are suggested. Social behaviours not previously seen as similar are linked. This a great opportunity to rediscover the work of Arnold Buss one of the greats in Social Psychology.
Book Synopsis The Scientific Study of Social Behaviour by : Michael Argyle
Download or read book The Scientific Study of Social Behaviour written by Michael Argyle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1957, this book presented an up-to-date account of psychological research into human social behaviour of the time. There are chapters on interaction between pairs of people, behaviour in small social groups, and human relations in industry. The author avoided the adoption of any particular theoretical position, and concentrated on the established empirical findings of the time. The results of several hundred investigations are summarised and compared, so that the principal generalisations which emerge can be seen. Stress is placed on rigorous methods of research, and a critical account is given of current techniques of social research, showing the importance of experimental and statistical methods. Careful consideration is given to the danger of the investigator disturbing what is being investigated. Use is made of recent ideas about theory and explanation, and the different kinds of theory used in experimental psychology were considered for the first time as possible ways of accounting for group behaviour. This book was intended not only for students of psychology and of the other social sciences, but also for industrialists, administrators and indeed all who were interested in the laws underlying social behaviour. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Book Synopsis Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) by : D. E. Broadbent
Download or read book Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) written by D. E. Broadbent and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original blurb from 1961: For most laymen the science of behaviour hardly exists. Few people have any clear idea of its methods, its history or, above all, its significance. Beside the popular interest aroused, for example, by the achievements of Freud, the work of the behaviourists is almost unknown. Yet this is a science which is of the highest importance, has practical applications of immediate use, and offers the hope of profound insights into the human mind. What distinguishes the behaviourists is their insistence on exact scientific verification. Introspection may suggest a theory but only objective experiments will be admitted as evidence in its favour. The observation of how a rat behaves in a maze may seem a far cry from the study of mankind but it has the supreme advantage that what is observed can be exactly recorded and analysed. Progress by such methods is slow but what is discovered is much less likely to be upset by future discoveries than is work based on subjective judgments. Some of the results already obtained are fruitful and suggestive. Mr Broadbent’s treatment of rewards and punishments is most striking, both for the importance of the results and for the precision of the methods by which they are obtained. To reward a child for doing something or to punish him for abstaining might seem to be equally effective methods, to be distinguished only on ethical grounds. Mr Broadbent, however, sets out modern evidence and opinion about the means by which each method operates and so demonstrates that there exist sharp and general rules governing the situations in which each is likely to be effective. He describes the state of ‘neurotic’ conflict produced when a reward and a punishment are both associated with the same object and again a series of simple, controlled experiments throws light on a basic human problem. The science of behaviour is closely linked with other branches of research such as the theory of information and the development of electronic and mechanical ‘brains’, and this common field of research promises exciting results. Mr Broadbent shows how behaviourism has grown towards such sophisticated developments from the beginnings of such men as Watson and Pavlov. To any intelligent reader this book will give not only the pleasure of watching a series of brilliantly devised experiments gradually giving birth to a new and important science, but also the insight which comes from examining such basic concepts as memory and learning, of discovering how much of what we think we know is merely an unexamined assumption, and of being forced to think again in precise terms. For anyone willing to make this effort Behaviour is an exceptionally rewarding book.
Book Synopsis Instinct, Environment and Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) by : Stephen Lea
Download or read book Instinct, Environment and Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) written by Stephen Lea and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can the evolution of animal behaviour tell us about human behaviour? More specifically, how good an account of animal behaviour can we give in terms of evolution, and how do humans fit in with or deviate from the pattern established for other animals? The biological approach to the study of animal behaviour has important implications for psychology, but it is distinctly different. Originally published in 1984, this book provides a basic introduction to biological theories about behaviour, from the classic ethological tradition of Lorenz and Tinbergen to the later sociobiological approach. The principles of experimentation and research involved are assessed critically, especially with regard to their implications for the study of human behaviour. Written specifically for those with little biological knowledge, this book will still be of interest to students of biology and introductory psychology alike.
Book Synopsis Operant Conditioning by : Derek E. Blackman
Download or read book Operant Conditioning written by Derek E. Blackman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The approach to psychology advocated by the radical behaviourists was often misunderstood and frequently gave rise to controversy. Originally published in 1974, this book introduced current research in operant conditioning and explains the attempt to understand behaviour inherent in such experiments at the time. After considering the philosophical context in which behaviouristic psychology developed, the author outlines the basic characteristics of operant research by reviewing single experiments on the effects of reinforcement on behaviour. Chapters on schedules of intermittent reinforcement extend this approach to more complex situations and emphasize that behaviour can be maintained and controlled in many different ways by environmental events. The author then discusses recent work on conditional reinforcement and on the discriminative control of behaviour and shows how operant research has changed our understanding of these important concepts in psychology. Subsequent chapters review research within the operant paradigm on the effects on behaviour of punishment, anxiety, aversive stimuli and drugs, again by emphasising the special contribution to these topics made by operant conditioning techniques and methodology. The final chapters consider the general implications of operant research for educational practice and for clinical psychology, and place this approach within the context of psychology as a whole. Dr Blackman argues that it should be recognized as one important attempt to further the scientific analysis of behaviour. This book, filled a long recognized need for an undergraduate text in this area at the time, and helped students form their own evaluation. Now it should be read in its historical context.
Book Synopsis The Causes and Cures of Neurosis by : H. J. Eysenck
Download or read book The Causes and Cures of Neurosis written by H. J. Eysenck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1965 this book was an introduction to post-Freudian methods of diagnosing and treating neurotics of the time. These methods were known collectively as ‘behaviour therapy’, a term indicating their derivation from modern behaviourism, learning theory, and conditioning principles. In the early twentieth century John B. Watson pointed out that ‘psychology, as the behaviourist views it, is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behaviour.’ Behaviour therapy attempts to extend this control to the field of neurotic disorders, and in doing so it makes use of experimental laboratory findings, and of theories based on these. It was seen as the very opposite of the position taken by psychoanalysis. The authors believed that, by the late twentieth century, behaviour therapy would be ‘firmly established as one of the most important, if not the most important, weapon in the hands of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists’.
Book Synopsis Bizarre Behaviours (Psychology Revivals) by : Herschel Prins
Download or read book Bizarre Behaviours (Psychology Revivals) written by Herschel Prins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most deviant forms of human behaviour can be disturbing, incomprehensible, and sometimes very frightening. Herschel Prins believes that even the most deviant-seeming behaviours have their counterparts in ‘normality’ and can often be seen as an extension of this. In Bizarre Behaviours he sets some extreme forms of behaviour, such as vampirism and amok, in their socio-cultural and psychological contexts. Originally published in 1990, this very accessible and readable book will interest not only all those who have to deal with bizarre behaviour in the course of their work, but also the general reader who is interested in the origins and the infinite variety of human behaviours.
Book Synopsis Instinct, Environment and Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) by : Stephen Lea
Download or read book Instinct, Environment and Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) written by Stephen Lea and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can the evolution of animal behaviour tell us about human behaviour? More specifically, how good an account of animal behaviour can we give in terms of evolution, and how do humans fit in with or deviate from the pattern established for other animals? The biological approach to the study of animal behaviour has important implications for psychology, but it is distinctly different. Originally published in 1984, this book provides a basic introduction to biological theories about behaviour, from the classic ethological tradition of Lorenz and Tinbergen to the later sociobiological approach. The principles of experimentation and research involved are assessed critically, especially with regard to their implications for the study of human behaviour. Written specifically for those with little biological knowledge, this book will still be of interest to students of biology and introductory psychology alike.
Book Synopsis Social Behaviour in Animals (Psychology Revivals) by : N. Tinbergen
Download or read book Social Behaviour in Animals (Psychology Revivals) written by N. Tinbergen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1953, this is a classic study in animal behaviour, drawing on the author’s own extraordinary studies of insects, fish, and birds, as well as on the literature. The concept ‘community’ is taken in its widest sense to include all types of association of individuals, not only flocks and herds, but also the family, the pair, and even two animals engaged in combat. The author received the Nobel Prize for his work in this field in 1973.
Book Synopsis Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) by : D. E. Broadbent
Download or read book Behaviour (Psychology Revivals) written by D. E. Broadbent and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original blurb from 1961: For most laymen the science of behaviour hardly exists. Few people have any clear idea of its methods, its history or, above all, its significance. Beside the popular interest aroused, for example, by the achievements of Freud, the work of the behaviourists is almost unknown. Yet this is a science which is of the highest importance, has practical applications of immediate use, and offers the hope of profound insights into the human mind. What distinguishes the behaviourists is their insistence on exact scientific verification. Introspection may suggest a theory but only objective experiments will be admitted as evidence in its favour. The observation of how a rat behaves in a maze may seem a far cry from the study of mankind but it has the supreme advantage that what is observed can be exactly recorded and analysed. Progress by such methods is slow but what is discovered is much less likely to be upset by future discoveries than is work based on subjective judgments. Some of the results already obtained are fruitful and suggestive. Mr Broadbent’s treatment of rewards and punishments is most striking, both for the importance of the results and for the precision of the methods by which they are obtained. To reward a child for doing something or to punish him for abstaining might seem to be equally effective methods, to be distinguished only on ethical grounds. Mr Broadbent, however, sets out modern evidence and opinion about the means by which each method operates and so demonstrates that there exist sharp and general rules governing the situations in which each is likely to be effective. He describes the state of ‘neurotic’ conflict produced when a reward and a punishment are both associated with the same object and again a series of simple, controlled experiments throws light on a basic human problem. The science of behaviour is closely linked with other branches of research such as the theory of information and the development of electronic and mechanical ‘brains’, and this common field of research promises exciting results. Mr Broadbent shows how behaviourism has grown towards such sophisticated developments from the beginnings of such men as Watson and Pavlov. To any intelligent reader this book will give not only the pleasure of watching a series of brilliantly devised experiments gradually giving birth to a new and important science, but also the insight which comes from examining such basic concepts as memory and learning, of discovering how much of what we think we know is merely an unexamined assumption, and of being forced to think again in precise terms. For anyone willing to make this effort Behaviour is an exceptionally rewarding book.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior by : David L. Hamilton
Download or read book Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior written by David L. Hamilton and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1981, this volume brings together contributions by several of the authors whose research had contributed significantly to the recent advances in our understanding of the role of cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behaviour at the time. While each chapter reflects a cognitive approach to its subject matter, a broad range of topics, issues, and contexts is addressed by this collection of authors. In the introductory chapter the authors present an historical overview of psychological research on stereotyping, discussing historical trends in this literature and summarizing the conceptual orientations which had guided research in this area at the time. This chapter not only provides useful background information for the reader but also presents a broader context within which the current cognitively oriented research, on which the remaining chapters focus, can be viewed. Each of the next six chapters reports on integrative program of studies bearing on some aspect of the relationship of cognitive functioning to stereotyping and/or intergroup behaviour.
Book Synopsis Revival: An Outline of Psychology (1968) by : Willam McDougall
Download or read book Revival: An Outline of Psychology (1968) written by Willam McDougall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time has gone by when any one man could hope to write an adequate text book of psychology. The science has now so many branches, so many methods, so many fields of application, and such an immense mass of data of observation is now on record, that no one man can hope to have the necessary familiarity with the whole. But, even when a galaxy of learning and talent shall have written the text book of the future, there will still be need for the book which will introduce the student to his science, which will aim at giving him at the outset of his studies a profitable line of approach, a fruitful way of thinking of psychological problems, and a terminology as little misleading as possible. The present volume is designed to render these services.
Book Synopsis Child Effects on Adults by : Richard Q. Bell
Download or read book Child Effects on Adults written by Richard Q. Bell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is usual to consider the effects parents have on children; this title, originally published in 1977, reverses the focus and reveals a subject every bit as important and interesting. The authors, both professional psychologists, present their findings under three major headings – "History", "Theories and Research Approaches" and "Concepts and Findings" – that discuss the social, psychological, and biological influences children exert on parents. Bell and Harper oppose the "intellectual apartheid" that prevents behavioural scientists from investigating "the continuity of interaction processes from other animals to man" and include substantial research findings in mammalian biology to show more precisely the reciprocal relations between parents and their offspring. Their "bidirectional approach" to the study of child-rearing is meant to offset empirical prejudices that had so far dominated child-care sciences at the time.
Book Synopsis Bizarre Behaviours by : Herschel Prins
Download or read book Bizarre Behaviours written by Herschel Prins and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most deviant forms of human behaviour can be disturbing, incomprehensible, and sometimes very frightening. Herschel Prins believes that even the most deviant-seeming behaviours have their counterparts in 'normality' and can often be seen as an extension of this. In Bizarre Behaviours he sets some extreme forms of behaviour, such as vampirism and amok, in their socio-cultural and psychological contexts. Originally published in 1990, this very accessible and readable book will interest not only all those who have to deal with bizarre behaviour in the course of their work, but also the general reader who is interested in the origins and the infinite variety of human behaviours.
Book Synopsis Obese Humans and Rats (Psychology Revivals) by : Stanley Schacter
Download or read book Obese Humans and Rats (Psychology Revivals) written by Stanley Schacter and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974, this volume examines the behavioural similarities of obese humans and animals whose so-called feeding centre (the ventro-medial hypothalamic nuclei) has been lesioned. Both the obese human and the VMH-lesioned animal seem to share a hyposensitivity to the internal (physiological) cues to eating and hypersensitivity to external cues associated with food. Beginning with a review, these obese animals and the human obese are compared point by point on experimental results reported in the literature. Then, new findings are presented that specifically tested humans for relationships that are well-established for lesioned animals. Next, a theoretical framework integrates the human and animal data to postulate that the relationship of cue prominence and probability of response is stronger for the obese than for normal. The causes for this, and the extension of the basis for the obese’s eating behaviour to other areas, are discussed in light of further experiments that will make this invaluable reading for all concerned with the history of obesity and the issues of regulatory behaviour.
Book Synopsis Selective Mutism (Psychology Revivals) by : Thomas R. Kratochwill
Download or read book Selective Mutism (Psychology Revivals) written by Thomas R. Kratochwill and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1981, this title was designed to present a comprehensive review of research on, and treatment of selective mutism. It represents the only systematic overview of research and treatment procedures on this behavioral problem at the time. In many respects the literature on selective mutism clearly presents the differences in assessment and treatment between the intrapsychic (or psychodynamic) and behavioral approaches to deviant behaviour. The title presents an overview of the two major therapeutic approaches of human behaviour within the context of treating selective mutism.
Book Synopsis Training Behaviour Therapists (Psychology Revivals) by : Derek Milne
Download or read book Training Behaviour Therapists (Psychology Revivals) written by Derek Milne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1986, one of the major developments in behavioural psychotherapy and mental health in the previous decade had been the growing involvement of non-psychologists in behaviour therapy. This was a result of the fact that there were too few psychologists to cope with problem behaviour and that other professionals or carers began to appreciate more clearly their potential as agents of behaviour change. Foremost among these ‘mediators’ of therapy were parents, nurses (particularly psychiatric nurses) and teachers (especially remedial teachers). Their involvement had greatly increased the efficiency of behaviour therapy at the time and opened up a new era in applied psychology. It also entailed the development of new training formats, evaluation procedures and implementation strategies. The main aim of this book was to provide a summary of the research relevant to these issues, and to offer practical guidelines to those who were interested in training or being trained as behaviour therapists. For this reason there are chapters by researchers who have been involved in training parents, nurses and teachers. These chapters provide a detailed account of training in a form that was rarely available in published form at the time, and even today should be of great assistance to readers.
