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Beam Transport Of 4 Gev Protons From Ags To The Proton Interrogation Target Of The Neutrino Line Z Line And Effect Of The Air On The Transported Beam
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Book Synopsis Beam Transport of 4 GeV Protons from AGS to the Proton Interrogation Target of the Neutrino Line (Z_line) and Effect of the Air on the Transported Beam by :
Download or read book Beam Transport of 4 GeV Protons from AGS to the Proton Interrogation Target of the Neutrino Line (Z_line) and Effect of the Air on the Transported Beam written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the preparation for the Proton Interrogation Experiment, we have calculated the beam optics for the transport of 4 GeV protons, from the AGS extraction point, to the 'Cross-Section Target Wheel 1' and to the 'Proton Interrogation Target'. In this technical note we present three possible beam-transports each corresponding to a particular Fast Extracted Beam W B setup of the AGS. In addition we present results on the effect of the atmospheric air, (which fills the drift space of the last 100 [m] of the transport line), on the size of the beam, at two locations along the drift space, one location at the middle of the drift space and the other at the end where the 'Proton Interrogation Target' is placed. All the beam transports mentioned above require the removal of the WD1 dipole magnet, which is the first magnet of the W-line, because it acts as a limiting beam aperture, and the magnet is not used in the beam transport. An alternative solution of a beam transport, which does not require the removal of the WD1 magnet, is also presented. In this solution, which models the transport line using the TURTLE computer code[7], the vertical beam sizes at the location of the WD1 magnet is minimized to allow 'lossless' beam transport at the location of the WD1 magnet. A similar solution, but using a MAD model of the line, is also presented.
Book Synopsis THE AGS-BASED SUPER NEUTRINO BEAM FACILITY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT. by :
Download or read book THE AGS-BASED SUPER NEUTRINO BEAM FACILITY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After more than 40 years of operation, the AGS is still at the heart of the Brookhaven hadron accelerator complex. This system of accelerators presently comprises a 200 MeV linac for the pre-acceleration of high intensity and polarized protons, two Tandem Van der Graaffs for the pre-acceleration of heavy ion beams, a versatile Booster that allows for efficient injection of all three types of beams into the AGS and, most recently, the two RHIC collider rings that produce high luminosity heavy ion and polarized proton collisions. For several years now, the AGS has held the world intensity record with more than 7 x 10[sup 13] protons accelerated in a single pulse. The requirements for the proton beam for the super neutrino beam are summarized and a schematic of the upgraded AGS is shown. Since the present number of protons per fill is already close to the required number, the upgrade is based on increasing the repetition rate and reducing beam losses (to avoid excessive shielding requirements and to maintain activation of the machine components at workable level). It is also important to preserve all the present capabilities of the AGS, in particular its role as injector to RHIC. The AGS Booster was built not only to allow the injection of any species of heavy ion into the AGS but to allow a fourfold increase of the AGS intensity. It is one-quarter the circumference of the AGS with the same aperture. However, the accumulation of four Booster loads in the AGS takes about 0.6 s, and is therefore not well suited for high average beam power operation. To minimize the injection time to about 1 ms, a 1.2 GeV linac will be used instead. This linac consists of the existing warm linac of 200 MeV and a new superconducting linac of 1.0 GeV. The multi-turn H[sup -] injection from a source of 30 mA and 720 [micro]s pulse width is sufficient to accumulate 9 x 10[sup 13] particle per pulse in the AGS[10]. The minimum ramp time of the AGS to full energy is presently 0.5 s; this must be upgraded to 0.2 s to reach the required repetition rate of 2.5 Hz. The required upgrade of the AGS power supply, the rf system, and other rate dependent accelerator issues is discussed. The design of the target/horn configuration is shown. The material selected for the proton target is a Carbon-Carbon composite. It is a 3-dimensional woven material that exhibits extremely low thermal expansion for temperatures up to 1000 C; for higher temperatures it responds like graphite. This property is important for greatly reducing the thermo-elastic stresses induced by the beam, thereby extending the life of the target. The target consists of a 80 cm long cylindrical rod of 12 mm diameter. The target intercepts a 2 mm rms proton beam of 10[sup 14] protons/pulse. The total energy deposited as heat in the target is 7.3 kJ with peak temperature rise of about 280 C. Heat will be removed from the target through forced convection of helium gas across its outside surface. The extracted proton beam uses an existing beamline at the AGS, but is then directed to a target station atop a constructed earthen hill. The target is followed by a downward slopping pion decay channel. This vertical arrangement keeps the target and decay pipe well above the water table in this area. The 11.3 degrees slope aims the neutrino beam at a water Cerenkov neutrino detector to be located in the Homestake mine at Lead, South Dakota. A 3-dimensional view of the beam transport line, target station, and decay tunnel is provided.
Book Synopsis INJECTION ACCELERATION AND EXTRACTION OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON BEAM FOR THE NEUTRINO FACILITY PROJECT AT BNL. by : N.ALESSI TSOUPAS (J.BARTON, D.GANETIS, G.JA.)
Download or read book INJECTION ACCELERATION AND EXTRACTION OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON BEAM FOR THE NEUTRINO FACILITY PROJECT AT BNL. written by N.ALESSI TSOUPAS (J.BARTON, D.GANETIS, G.JA.) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed ''neutrino-production'' project [1.2] to be built at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) requires that the neutrino-production target be bombarded by a high intensity proton beam-pulse of {approx} 90 x 10{sup 12} protons of 28 GeV in energy and at a rate of 2.5 Hz, resulting in a 1 MW power of proton beam deposited on the target for the production of the neutrinos. In this paper we investigate the possibility of producing this high intensity proton beam, using as the main accelerator the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The following aspects of the project are reported in this paper: (a) The beam injection into the AGS synchrotron of 1.2 GeV H{sup -} beam produced by a super-conducting LINAC[3]; (b) The effect of the eddy currents induced on the vacuum chamber of the circulating beam during the ''ramping'' of the main magnets of the AGS; (c) The method of the beam extraction from the AGS and the optics of the 28 GeV beam extracted from the AGS.
Book Synopsis Beam Transfer Lines for the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) Booster by :
Download or read book Beam Transfer Lines for the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The injection lines for the proton and heavy ion beam injection into the Booster and a beam transfer line from the Booster to the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) are described here. The proton injection line is from the 200 MeV linac and the heavy ion injection line is from the present beam transport line of the Tandem Van de Graaff. The beam transfer line is for transporting the accelerated beam from the Booster to the AGS. Also included in the discussion is a method of extraction from the Booster and injection into the AGS.
Book Synopsis Proposed Magnet Alignment Changes for AP-1 by :
Download or read book Proposed Magnet Alignment Changes for AP-1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AP-1 was built to connect the Antiproton Source with the Main Ring accelerator. The beamline was designed to support modes of operation at both 8 GeV and 120 GeV kinetic energy. During the days of Main Ring operation, 120 GeV beam was extracted through the field region of a Lambertson at F-17 and transported approximately 174 meters to the production target. This 'pbar production' mode required a lattice that would focus the proton beam to a small spot size on the target to maximize antiproton yield. The AP-1 line would also be reconfigured to operate at 8 GeV to support antiproton transfers and tuning cycles with protons. The AP-1 line is also connected to the Accumulator via AP-3, so the lattices of these beamlines needed to be compatible. After the Main Injector was built to replace the Main Ring, a beamline was required to connect it with the Antiproton Source. Designers chose to combine beam transfers of 150 GeV protons to the Tevatron, 120 GeV protons to AP-1, 120 GeV protons to Switchyard and 8 GeV proton tune-up or antiproton transfers via AP-1 into the P1 and P2 lines. The P2 line resides in the Main Ring tunnel enclosure between F-0 and F-17 and utilizes original Main Ring magnets. The lattice was designed to duplicate the Twiss parameters of the old Main Ring at F-17, including the large horizontal beta and dispersion functions. The addition of the P1 and P2 lines add almost an additional 1,000 meters and an extra Lambertson magnet (at F0) to beam transfers to and from the Main Injector versus the Main Ring. Although Lambertson magnets are still used to extract beam from the Main Injector, the Lambertson at F-17 was no longer required. Unfortunately, the limited aperture C-magnets at F-17 remained, necessitated by the P3 line which is intended to provide beam to Switchyard for future 'Meson 120' operation. The C-magnets are one of the limiting horizontal apertures in the AP-1 line due to the combination of small physical aperture and the large horizontal beta and dispersion functions. Most of the AP-1 magnets were originally used in Switchyard. Apertures of these magnets are adequate for high energy operation, but have apertures that are smaller than magnets traditionally used in other 8 GeV transfer lines. This makes the AP-1 line unusually sensitive to alignment and steering errors. In addition, the lattice constraints imposed by the beamlines attached to AP-1 does not allow much freedom in suppressing the lattice functions at key locations to reduce the beam size.
Book Synopsis 1 to 12 GeV/c Beam Transport for Transverse Or Longitudinally Polarized Protons by :
Download or read book 1 to 12 GeV/c Beam Transport for Transverse Or Longitudinally Polarized Protons written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A two-stage beam transport for polarized protons has been constructed and operated at the Argonne ZGS. The first stage delivers vertically polarized protons (N-type) to an elastic scattering polarimeter consisting of a 10 cm long LH/sub 2/ target and two moveable sets of forward and recoil scintillation counters. The unscattered protons transported through the beam's second stage are focused onto the polarized proton target PPT-III; this target utilizes a 2.5 T R and A magnet to produce target polarizations in the horizontal plane, either in the beam direction (L-type) or transverse to it (S-type). The second stage of the beam is equipped with a combination of superconducting solenoids and dipole magnets; thus the beam polarization can also be rotated to point in the L or S direction. The entire system has been operated successfully over the momentum range 1.0 to 11.75 GeV/c with NS, LS, SS, and LL beam target spin directions.
Book Synopsis Transport from the Recycler Ring to the Antiproton Source Beamlines by :
Download or read book Transport from the Recycler Ring to the Antiproton Source Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-NOvA era, the protons are directly transported from the Booster ring to the Recycler ring rather than the Main Injector. For Mu2e and g-2 project, the Debuncher ring will be modified into a Delivery ring to deliver the protons to both Mu2e and g-2 experiments. Therefore, it requires the transport of protons from the Recycler Ring to the Delivery ring. A new transfer line from the Recycler ring to the P1 beamline will be constructed to transport proton beam from the Recycler Ring to existing Antiproton Source beamlines. This new beamline provides a way to deliver 8 GeV kinetic energy protons from the Booster to the Delivery ring, via the Recycler, using existing beam transport lines, and without the need for new civil construction. This paper presents the Conceptual Design of this new beamline.
Book Synopsis The NuMI Proton Beam at Fermilab Successes and Challenges by :
Download or read book The NuMI Proton Beam at Fermilab Successes and Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NuMI beam at Fermilab has delivered over 5 x 102° 120 GeV protons to the neutrino production target since the start for MINOS [1] neutrino oscillation experiment operation in 2005. We report on proton beam commissioning and operation status, including successes and challenges with this beam.
Book Synopsis High Intensity Performance and Upgrades at the Brookhaven AGS. by :
Download or read book High Intensity Performance and Upgrades at the Brookhaven AGS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high intensity proton beam of the AGS is used both for the slow-extracted-beam (SEB) area with many target station to produce secondary beams and the fast-extracted-beam (FEB) line used for the production of muons for the g-2 experiment and for high intensity target testing for the spallation neutron sources and muon production targets for the muon collider. The same FEB line will also be used for the transfer of beam to RHIC. The proton beam intensity in the AGS has increased steadily over the 35 year existence of the AGS, but the most dramatic increase occurred over the last couple of years with the addition of the new AGS Booster. All modifications associated with this are discussed.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Physics by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
Book Synopsis UPGRADING THE AGS TO 1 MW PROTON BEAM POWER. by :
Download or read book UPGRADING THE AGS TO 1 MW PROTON BEAM POWER. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) is a strong focusing accelerator that is used to accelerate protons and various heavy ion species to an equivalent proton energy of 29 GeV. At this energy the maximum intensity achieved is around 7 x 1013 protons per pulse. This corresponds to an average beam power of about 0.2 MW. Future programs in high-energy physics, as for instance a neutrino factory with the AGS as the proton driver [l], may require an upgrade of the AGS to an average beam power of 1 MW, at the energy of 24 GeV. This can be achieved with an increase of the beam intensity to 1 x 1014 protons per pulse, a 1.2-GeV superconducting linac as a new injector, and by upgrading the power supply and rf systems to allow cycling at 2.5 beam pulses per second.
Book Synopsis Transfer of a Polarized Proton Beam from AGS to RHIC. by :
Download or read book Transfer of a Polarized Proton Beam from AGS to RHIC. written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the RHIC project, the RHIC machine will also be able to accelerate polarized proton beam bunches. The bunches will be extracted from the AGS machine, with kinetic energy T = 25 GeV, and transferred into RHIC via the AtR transfer line. When the RHIC machine accelerates polarized protons, it will operate with two full snakes, which define the stable spin direction of a polarized proton beam circulating in each ring, along the vertical. Therefore a polarized proton beam should be injected into the RHIC machine with the stable spin direction along the vertical in order to match that of the RHIC machine. The layout of the dipole magnets of the AtR line creates a dependence, on the injection energy, of the stable spin direction of a polarized proton beam injected into the RHIC machine. In this paper, the study of the stable spin direction (at the RHIC injection point) of a polarized proton beam as a function of the injection energy is presented. A modification of the AtR transfer line, which eliminates this energy dependence (within the range of proton injection energies) of the stable spin direction is also presented.
Book Synopsis AGS SUPER NEUTRINO BEAM FACILITY ACCELERATOR AND TARGET SYSTEM DESIGN (NEUTRINO WORKING GROUP REPORT-II). by :
Download or read book AGS SUPER NEUTRINO BEAM FACILITY ACCELERATOR AND TARGET SYSTEM DESIGN (NEUTRINO WORKING GROUP REPORT-II). written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the design of the accelerator and target systems for the AGS Super Neutrino Beam Facility. Under the direction of the Associate Laboratory Director Tom Kirk, BNL has established a Neutrino Working Group to explore the scientific case and facility requirements for a very long baseline neutrino experiment. Results of a study of the physics merit and detector performance was published in BNL-69395 in October 2002, where it was shown that a wide-band neutrino beam generated by a 1 MW proton beam from the AGS, coupled with a half megaton water Cerenkov detector located deep underground in the former Homestake mine in South Dakota would be able to measure the complete set of neutrino oscillation parameters: (1) precise determination of the oscillation parameters?m322 and sin2 2?32; (2) detection of the oscillation of?{sub {mu}}-?{sub e} and measurement of sin2 2?13; (3) measurement of?m212 sin 2?12 in a?{sub {mu}} →?{sub e} appearance mode, independent of the value of?13; (4) verification of matter enhancement and the sign of?m322; and (5) determination of the CP-violation parameter?{sub CP} in the neutrino sector. This report details the performance requirements and conceptual design of the accelerator and the target systems for the production of a neutrino beam by a 1.0 MW proton beam from the AGS. The major components of this facility include a new 1.2 GeV superconducting linac, ramping the AGS at 2.5 Hz, and the new target station for 1.0 MW beam. It also calls for moderate increase, about 30%, of the AGS intensity per pulse. Special care is taken to account for all sources of proton beam loss plus shielding and collimation of stray beam halo particles to ensure equipment reliability and personal safety. A preliminary cost estimate and schedule for the accelerator upgrade and target system are also included.
Book Synopsis Essays on Particles and Fields by : Ranjan Roy Daniel
Download or read book Essays on Particles and Fields written by Ranjan Roy Daniel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This tribute to M.G.K. Menon, presently a member of the Indian Planning Commission, includes contributions from some of his many friends, admirers, and colleagues. For over three decades, Menon has been an major influence on Indian science as a physicist, administrator, and policy maker, and this collection reflects the outstanding tradition of Indian science with which he is so closely identified.
Book Synopsis Neutrino Physics by : Hans V. Klapdor
Download or read book Neutrino Physics written by Hans V. Klapdor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos play an intriguing role in modern physics linking central questions of particle physics, cosmology and astrophysics. The contributions in this book reflect the present status of neutrino physics with emphasis on non-accelerator or beyond-accelerator experiments. Since a nonvanishing neutrino mass would yield an important boundary condition for GUT, SUSY or Superstring models and since neutrinos are the best candidates for dark matter in the universe, the many efforts to look for a neutrino mass, ranging from neutrino oscillation experiments using reactors, accelerators or the sun as neutrino sources, to tritium decay experiments and the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, are described in some detail. One of the sections is devoted to neutrinos from collapsing stars, including the supernova SN 1987 A. Possibilities for detecting cosmological neutrinos are discussed and an outlook to future experiments is given.
Book Synopsis Frontiers of Fundamental Physics by : M. Barone
Download or read book Frontiers of Fundamental Physics written by M. Barone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Olympia conference Frontiers of Fundamental Physics was a gathering of about hundred scientists who carryon their research in conceptually important areas of physical science (they do "fundamental physics"). Most of them were physicists, but also historians and philosophers of science were well represented. An important fraction of the participants could be considered "heretical" because they disagreed with the validity of one or several fundamental assumptions of modern physics. Common to all participants was an excellent scientific level coupled with a remarkable intellectual honesty: we are proud to present to the readers this certainly unique book. Alternative ways of considering fundamental matters should of course be vitally important for the progress of science, unless one wanted to admit that physics at the end of the XXth century has already obtained the final truth, a very unlikely possibility even if one accepted the doubtful idea of the existence of a "final" truth. The merits of the Olympia conference should therefore not be judged a priori in a positive or in a negative way depending on one's refusal or acceptance, respectively, but considered after reading the actual of basic principles of contemporary science, new proposals and evidences there presented. They seem very important to us.
Download or read book The Quantum Story written by Jim Baggott and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century was defined by physics. From the minds of the world's leading physicists there flowed a river of ideas that would transport mankind to the pinnacle of wonderment and to the very depths of human despair. This was a century that began with the certainties of absolute knowledge and ended with the knowledge of absolute uncertainty. It was a century in which physicists developed weapons with the capacity to destroy our reality, whilst at the same time denying us the possibility that we can ever properly comprehend it. Almost everything we think we know about the nature of our world comes from one theory of physics. This theory was discovered and refined in the first thirty years of the twentieth century and went on to become quite simply the most successful theory of physics ever devised. Its concepts underpin much of the twenty-first century technology that we have learned to take for granted. But its success has come at a price, for it has at the same time completely undermined our ability to make sense of the world at the level of its most fundamental constituents. Rejecting the fundamental elements of uncertainty and chance implied by quantum theory, Albert Einstein once famously declared that 'God does not play dice'. Niels Bohr claimed that anybody who is not shocked by the theory has not understood it. The charismatic American physicist Richard Feynman went further: he claimed that nobody understands it. This is quantum theory, and this book tells its story. Jim Baggott presents a celebration of this wonderful yet wholly disconcerting theory, with a history told in forty episodes — significant moments of truth or turning points in the theory's development. From its birth in the porcelain furnaces used to study black body radiation in 1900, to the promise of stimulating new quantum phenomena to be revealed by CERN's Large Hadron Collider over a hundred years later, this is the extraordinary story of the quantum world. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.
