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Autophagy And Cardiometabolic Diseases
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Book Synopsis Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases by : Jun Ren
Download or read book Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases written by Jun Ren and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Moleculer Mechanisms to Translational Medicine covers the science of autophagy in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and the future therapeutic potentials of autophagy regulation in these processes. Processes are not described in isolation, but in concert with other cellular and/or metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, glucose, energy metabolism and apoptosis. This approach recognizes the multifactorial nature of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The book provides explanations, while also distinguishing the delicate role for autophagy in pathogenesis and exploring complications for cardiometabolic diseases. By targeting autophagy, it offers new avenues for drug discovery and treatment for cardiometabolic anomalies. It is a perfect resource for cardiology researchers, scientists and medical practitioners. Explains the processes inherent in the protein quality control for pathogenesis and complications of cardiometabolic diseases Provides knowledge from internationally recognized contributors in the field Incorporates a translational approach, covering the basic cellular biology of autophagy and presenting the role of autophagy regulation for both pathogenesis and complication in cardiometabolic diseases Contains access to a companion website with additional illustrations
Book Synopsis Autophagy and Protein Quality Control in Cardiometabolic Diseases by : Jun Ren
Download or read book Autophagy and Protein Quality Control in Cardiometabolic Diseases written by Jun Ren and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autophagy in Endocrine-metabolic Diseases Associated with Aging by : Maria Ines Vaccaro
Download or read book Autophagy in Endocrine-metabolic Diseases Associated with Aging written by Maria Ines Vaccaro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Autophagy in Health and Disease by : Beverly Rothermel
Download or read book Autophagy in Health and Disease written by Beverly Rothermel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy in Health and Disease, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathophysiology. It expands on the scope of the first edition by covering a wider range of cell types, developmental processes, and organ systems. The second edition is an international effort by investigators from 15 different countries whose many contributions are comprised in 28 chapters organized into six sections. The first section (Chapters 1-7) covers foundational concepts, including history, trajectory of the research field, mechanisms of autophagy, and autophagy regulation. The second section (Chapters 8-11) details developmental aspects, including stem cells, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and paligenosis. The subsequent sections are devoted to the role of autophagy in specific organ systems involved in metabolic control and diabetes (Chapters 12-15), the cardiovascular system (Chapters 16-18), and the nervous system (Chapters 19-20). The final section (Chapters 21-28) addresses autophagy in other organ systems vital to human health and longevity. Also included are chapters on microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the potential for autophagy as a therapeutic target.Autophagy in Health and Disease is invaluable to anyone new to the field as well as established investigators looking for a broader understanding of autophagy from outside their specific field of study. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathology - Offers extended coverage of the mechanisms that mediate autophagy - Covers the role of autophagy in stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as the regenerative process of paligenosis - Highlights important questions that remain to be addressed
Book Synopsis Interplay between Autophagy and Metabolic Syndrome: Causes, Consequences and Therapeutic Challenges by : Joilson O. Martins
Download or read book Interplay between Autophagy and Metabolic Syndrome: Causes, Consequences and Therapeutic Challenges written by Joilson O. Martins and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Adiponectin Stimulated Autophagy in Cardiometabolic Diseases by : Wonsuk Jahng
Download or read book Examining Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Adiponectin Stimulated Autophagy in Cardiometabolic Diseases written by Wonsuk Jahng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unbalanced energy intake over expenditure causes obesity, and the prevalence and incidences of obesity have increased over last decades. People with obesity have a cluster of metabolic co-morbidities called metabolic syndrome which substantially increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome are multifaceted and one contributing factor is altered adipokines profiles. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine in the circulation and a low serum adiponectin level is implicated in multiple diseases. Adiponectin acts on various tissues by improving energy metabolism and conferring protective effects. Majority of studies suggest adiponectins beneficial effects are mediated through AMPK signaling. AMPK is a master regulator of energy metabolism and activated upon low energy status. AMPK activates multiple cellular process to generate energy including autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process which confers an adaptive force against stresses by mobilizing energy sources and preventing toxin accumulation. The studies presented here investigating molecular mechanism underlying adiponectins pleotropic effects, particularly focusing on its relation to autophagy. In the first study, the effects of iron overload on autophagy in skeletal muscle were observed. Iron toxicity is associated with reduced circulating adiponectin level and increased the diabetes mellitus incidences. Chronic iron overload altered the autophagy regulatory signaling mTOR, which impaired autophagy lysosome reformation, a novel late stage autophagy process crucial for insulin sensitivity. In the second and third studies, the changes in cardiac autophagy following pressure overload or myocardial infarction were monitored in mice lacking adiponectin. Adiponectin deficient mice exhibited exaggerated cardiac remodeling with evidence of autophagy impairments. With an advanced live-animal imaging system, a lower autophagy activity was observed in adiponectin knockout mice hearts after stresses. Cell culture experiments further validated that adiponectin directly stimulated autophagy flux and protected cardiomyocytes from cell death. Taken together, the studies described here highlight that adiponectin is an important regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle and hearts, and adiponectin signaling is a potential therapeutic target to modulate autophagy rates.
Book Synopsis Metabolic Cardiomyopathy by : H. Böhles
Download or read book Metabolic Cardiomyopathy written by H. Böhles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.
Book Synopsis The Autophagy-lysosome System in Cardiometabolic Disease by : Trent D. Evans
Download or read book The Autophagy-lysosome System in Cardiometabolic Disease written by Trent D. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accumulation of dysfunctional proteins and organelles is a defining feature of metabolic disease in nearly every tissue. A key pathway addressing this challenge is the autophagy-lysosome system which serves to identify, sequester, and degrade cellular components. Here, I first report on harnessing TFEB, a transcription factor master regulator of genes involved in autophagy-lysosome biogenesis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial metabolism to drive this pathway in adipocytes. We found that TFEB overexpression protects mice from diet induced obesity and adverse metabolic sequelae including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. TFEB modestly induces expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes, but this targeting seemed insufficient to explain the observed metabolic phenotypes. Instead, we found that TFEB robustly induced expression of mitochondrial and lipid metabolic genes, resulting in enhanced thermogenesis. We identified the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1[alpha] as a key target of TFEB in adipocytes and demonstrated that TFEB-induced effects were largely PGC-1[alpha] dependent. These studies position TFEB as a potent regulator of adipocyte physiology with implications for targeting this pathway therapeutically.Second, I functionally characterized genetic variants in the Lysosomal Acid Lipase (LIPA) genetic risk locus for coronary artery disease. LIPA is the sole lysosomal cholesterol esterase crucial for lipid metabolism in the atherosclerotic plaque, and rare loss-of-function variants lead to severe cholesterol accumulation and early death. As a whole, we found the risk variants were associated with a gain-of-function in human monocyte enzyme activity and expression attributable to intronic variants in the locus. We also identified a single exonic variant in the risk locus resulting in the amino acid substitution T16P which could plausibly disrupt enzyme trafficking amounting to a net loss of function. Studied in isolation, however, the exonic variant did not functionally impair enzyme expression, secretion, stability, or trafficking to the lysosome. These results establish the LIPA risk locus for coronary artery disease as resulting from a gain-of-function and set the stage for future studies mechanistically exploring mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Book Synopsis Autophagy and Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences by : Esther Bennett
Download or read book Autophagy and Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences written by Esther Bennett and published by Hayle Medical. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autophagy is a process in which cells capture their own cytoplasm and organelles and consume them in lysosomes. This mechanism preserves the health of cells and tissues through the replacement of damaged and outdated cellular components with new ones. The breakdown products serve as inputs to cellular metabolism. Autophagy prevents degenerative diseases as it is a powerful promoter of metabolic homeostasis at both the cellular and whole animal level. It reduces ubiquitinated protein accumulation in the brain, and disposes-off the aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles that cause Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. The metabolic syndrome refers to a group of medical conditions which increase the likelihood of heart disease, diabetes and stroke. It encompasses high blood sugar, hypertension, high cholesterol levels and excess fat around the waist. The process of autophagy has an effect on the development of metabolic syndrome since the metabolic syndrome is caused due to the accumulation of damaged cellular constituents. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to autophagy and metabolic syndrome. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of medicine as well as for experts.
Book Synopsis Exercise, Autophagy and Chronic Diseases by : Ning Chen
Download or read book Exercise, Autophagy and Chronic Diseases written by Ning Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book establishes a bridge between exercise-mediated functional status of autophagy and non-communicable chronic diseases for elucidating and clarifying the corresponding signal pathways and underlying mechanisms. The book consists of 13 chapters focusing on the in-depth discussion on signal pathways for regulating the functional status of autophagy for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, the optimization of exercise intervention strategies for common and frequently-occurring chronic diseases, and the development of exercise mimetic pills for the persons with disability for exercise performance, or the persons without willing to exercise. This book is interesting and will be useful to a wide readership in the various fields of exercise science, exercise fitness, sports medicine, preventive medicine, and functional foods.
Book Synopsis Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by : Weidong Le
Download or read book Autophagy: Biology and Diseases written by Weidong Le and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of 3 volumes: Basic Science (Volume 1), Clinical Science (Volume 2) and Technology and Methodology (Volume 3). Volume 2 focuses on the clinical aspects of autophagy research, discussing the role of autophagy in neuropsychiatric disorders, the cardiovascular, immune, digestive and endocrine systems, as well as tumors, infection, the kidney, and the respiratory and hematological systems. It also addresses autophagy-related drug development. Written and edited by a team of 90 experts, and presenting the state of the art in autophagy research, this book is a valuable reference resource for researchers and clinicians alike. It can also be used as supplementary material for graduate students majoring in biology and medicine
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cardiac Autophagy in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome Using Animal Models by :
Download or read book Characterization of Cardiac Autophagy in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome Using Animal Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Approximately 17 million people die of CVD. Obesity is considered to be a major risk factor which predisposes an individual to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. A clustering of risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia results in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) which has a high prevalence rate of 23.7 percent of the US population. Several studies have shown that cellular autophagy is altered in the setting of metabolic syndrome and may contribute to cardiac dysfunction. However, the status of cardiac autophagic flux and autophagy-regulating pathways in the setting of MetS is unknown. The current literature implicates AMPK and mTOR, the key cellular energy sensors in the homeostatic regulation of autophagy. To test the hypothesis that cardiac autophagy is impaired in the setting of MetS mediated by changes in the upstream regulators- AMPK and mTOR, I used the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and Zucker obese (ZO) rats (genetic model of obesity) as models of MetS. Under baseline conditions, the DIO mice showed impaired cardiac autophagic flux, a hyper-activated state of mTOR and a repressed state of AMPK. Under a physiological stress such as a fast, DIO mice showed impaired activation of cardiac autophagy despite intact responsiveness of the upstream regulators and intact gene expression. To examine the responsiveness of autophagy and that of its upstream regulators in cardiomyocytes sequestered from the extracellular milieu, I used adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVM) isolated from ZO rats subjected to autophagy-inducing interventions. The ARVM from ZO rat hearts showed an impaired activation of autophagy despite intact responsiveness of the upstream regulators, similar to the profile observed in vivo. Overall, my results show that cardiac autophagy is indeed impaired in the setting of MetS despite the responsiveness of its regulatory pathways, AMPK and mTOR.
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Diseases by : Sebastiano Sciarretta
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Diseases written by Sebastiano Sciarretta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat
Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book offers a valuable guide to these cellular processes whilst inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Volume 5 comprehensively describes the role of autophagy in human diseases, delivering coverage of the antitumor and protumor roles of autophagy; the therapeutic inhibition of autophagy in cancer; and the duality of autophagy's effects in various cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. In spite of the increasing importance of autophagy in the various pathophysiological conditions mentioned above, this process remains underestimated and overlooked. As a consequence, its role in the initiation, stability, maintenance, and progression of these and other diseases remains poorly understood. This book is an asset to newcomers as a concise overview of the diverse disease implications of autophagy, while serving as an excellent reference for more experienced scientists and clinicians looking to update their knowledge. Volumes in the Series
Download or read book Autophagy written by Xihui Xu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity, defined as accumulation of excessive body fat, has grown dramatically and imposes a devastating, pandemic health threat. If uncorrected, obesity may confer an increased susceptibility to the onset and development of insulin resistance, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and the cadre of metabolic syndrome. More importantly, evidence from our group and other laboratories has demonstrated that obesity contributes to the development of cardiac anomalies. Although multiple signaling pathways have been identified as responsible for cardiac dysfunction in obese individuals, the precise mechanism still remains elusive. The autophagy–lysosome pathway, which regulates the degradation of large intracellular organelles and protein aggregates, is essential for the maintenance of cardiomyocytes under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have suggested that the autophagy pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of cardiac anomalies induced by obesity. In the present chapter, we focus on how autophagy is involved in the regulation of cardiac function in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Book Synopsis New Drug Targets for Proteotoxicity in Cardiometabolic Diseases by : Jun Ren
Download or read book New Drug Targets for Proteotoxicity in Cardiometabolic Diseases written by Jun Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging by : M. A. Hayat
Download or read book Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging written by M. A. Hayat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book offers a valuable guide to these cellular processes whilst encouraging researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Volume 3 explores the role of autophagy in specific diseases and developments, including: Crohn's Disease, Gaucher Disease, Huntington's Disease, HCV infection, osteoarthritis, and liver injury. A full section is devoted to in-depth exploration of autophagy in tumor development and cancer. Finally, the work explores the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, with attention to the ways in which autophagy regulates apoptosis, and the ways in which autophagy has been explored in Lepidoptera, elucidating the use of larval midgut as a model for such exploration. From these well-developed foundations, researchers, translational scientists, and practitioners may work to better implement more effective therapies against some of the most devastating human diseases. Volumes in the Series Volume 1: Molecular Mechanisms. Elucidates autophagy's association with numerous biological processes, including cellular development and differentiation, cancer, immunity, infectious diseases, inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis, response to cellular stress, and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. Volume 2: Role in General Diseases. Describes the various aspects of the complex process of autophagy in a myriad of devastating human diseases, expanding from a discussion of essential autophagic functions into the role of autophagy in proteins, pathogens, immunity, and general diseases. Volume 3: Role in Specific Diseases. Explores the role of autophagy in specific diseases and developments, including: Crohn's Disease, Gaucher Disease, Huntington's Disease, HCV infection, osteoarthritis, and liver injury, with a full section devoted to in-depth exploration of autophagy in tumor development and cancer, as well as the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Volume 4: Mitophagy. Presents detailed information on the role of mitophagy, the selective autophagy of mitochondria, in health and disease, by delivering an in-depth treatment of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitophagy initiation and execution, as well as the role of mitophagy in Parkinson Disease, cardiac aging, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Volume 5: Role in Human Diseases. Comprehensively describes the role of autophagy in human diseases, delivering coverage of the antitumor and protumor roles of autophagy; the therapeutic inhibition of autophagy in cancer; and the duality of autophagy's effects in various cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Volume 6: Regulation of Autophagy and Selective Autophagy. Provides coverage of the mechanisms of regulation of autophagy; intracellular pathogen use of the autophagy mechanism; the role of autophagy in host immunity; and selective autophagy. Volume 7: Role of Autophagy in Therapeutic Applications. Provides coverage of the latest developments in autophagosome biogenesis and regulation; the role of autophagy in protein quality control; the role of autophagy in apoptosis; autophagy in the cardiovascular system; and the relationships between autophagy and lifestyle. Volume 8: Autophagy and Human Diseases. Reviews recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, and introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies, in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid on preventing detrimental inflammation. Volume 9: Necrosis and Inflammation in Human Diseases. Emphasizes the role of Autophagy in necrosis and inflammation, explaining in detail the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the formation of autophagosomes, including the progression of Omegasomes to autophagosomes. Brings together oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists, and pathologists in the field of autophagy to discuss cutting-edge developments in this rapidly-advancing field Builds upon recent advances in genome-scale approaches and computational tools to discuss the advances in regulation of autophagy at the systems level Organized for readers into easy-to-access sections: molecular mechanisms; role of autophagy in disease; role of autophagy in cancer; and autophagy and apoptosis Explores exciting new developments, including the measurement of autophagic flux; the molecular role of the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex; and the molecular bases of autophagosome formation in yeast
