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Author : Thomas Haar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Sequential Judgments written by Thomas Haar and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Sequential Judgments written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on my experiences both as a student actively taking exams and as an assessor passively journalizing exams, I was interested in the influence of prior on subsequent evaluative judgments in a sequential judgment situation. In most (written or oral) exam situations, the performances of different students are judged in a sequence. The basic idea, I started out from, was that in this case performances of different students to be judged during an exam are compared with each other; more precisely, I expected the performance judgment of a target student to be influenced by the performance judgment of the prior student. Thus, the prior student was expected to function as a comparison standard for the target student to be judged in an exam situation. This might have an assimilative as well as a contrastive effect on the judgment of the target student. In a first line of studies it was tested whether and in what direction judgments of prior performances would influence subsequent ones. Participants were in the role of a teacher and had to grade the performance of two students during an exam based either on written or oral protocols. The performance of the first student was manipulated to be either good or bad; additionally, the focus of participants was manipulated to be either on similarities or on dissimilarities via an ostensibly unrelated priming task. The results show that prior judgments may have an assimilative as well as a contrastive influence on subsequent judgments, dependent on the comparison focus of the judge. As suggested by the Selective-Accessibility Model (SAM, Mussweiler, 2003a), a similarity focus made assimilation effects more likely whereas a dissimilarity focus made contrast effects more likely. Over all three studies, assimilative influences were stronger than contrastive influences. This is in line with the SAM that describes assimilation effects as the default influence of a standard in comparative judgments. In a second line of studies, assumpt.
Author : Els De Wilde
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)
Download or read book Attentional Contrast During Sequential Judgments written by Els De Wilde and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moreover, the number-of-levels effect reverses when attentional contrast is created on the attribute with the lower number of levels.
Author : Richard Pargament
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Assimilation and contrast effects of anchoring stimuli on judgements written by Richard Pargament and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Noel Todd Brewer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Assimilation and Contrast Effects in the Anchoring Bias written by Noel Todd Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard David Alter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Judgment written by Richard David Alter and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Diederik A. Stapel
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Assimilation and Contrast in Social Psychology written by Diederik A. Stapel and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2007 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the importance and amount of research activity devoted to assimilation and contrast processes by social psychologists, there has been no volume that is devoted to this topic. Assimilation and Contrast in Social Psychology consists of original essays on classic and contemporary developments concerning assimilation and contrast. The editors have invited a set of leading researchers who represent a wide range of theory, evidence and application of these phenomena. The book will also include a chapter presenting a historical survey of relevant developments in psychophysics and social and cognitive psychology. A closing chapter will provide a synthesis and suggest future directions. This volume is suitable for professionals, graduate students and advanced undergraduates.
Author : Brittany Shoots-Reinhard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (244 download)
Download or read book Not All Contrast Effects are Created Equal written by Brittany Shoots-Reinhard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Current theories of assimilation and contrast propose mechanisms for contrast that can be thought of as requiring relatively high or low degrees of thought. The purpose of this research was to examine whether high or low thought contrast judgments would have implications for the strength of the resulting judgment. Strength was assessed by the degree of confidence individuals had in their judgments. In two studies, amount of processing was varied by manipulating ability or motivation to engage in effortful thinking. In Experiment 1, a manipulation of on-line versus memory based processing led to greater certainty, without influencing the extent of contrast. In Experiment 2, personal relevance was manipulated and also led to greater certainty, without influencing the extent of contrast. This research provides evidence for differential consequences of the same contrastive judgments and links the voluminous literature on judgmental contrast to that on attitude strength.
Author : David Ernest Peterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (261 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Social Influence on Sequential Judgments written by David Ernest Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jerome R. Busemeyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199957991
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational and Mathematical Psychology written by Jerome R. Busemeyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Oxford Handbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of important developments in computational and mathematical psychology. With chapters written by leading scientists across a variety of subdisciplines, it examines the field's influence on related research areas such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience. The Handbook emphasizes examples and applications of the latest research, and will appeal to readers possessing various levels of modeling experience. The Oxford Handbook of Computational and mathematical Psychology covers the key developments in elementary cognitive mechanisms (signal detection, information processing, reinforcement learning), basic cognitive skills (perceptual judgment, categorization, episodic memory), higher-level cognition (Bayesian cognition, decision making, semantic memory, shape perception), modeling tools (Bayesian estimation and other new model comparison methods), and emerging new directions in computation and mathematical psychology (neurocognitive modeling, applications to clinical psychology, quantum cognition). The Handbook would make an ideal graduate-level textbook for courses in computational and mathematical psychology. Readers ranging from advanced undergraduates to experienced faculty members and researchers in virtually any area of psychology--including cognitive science and related social and behavioral sciences such as consumer behavior and communication--will find the text useful.
Author : Piotr Winkielman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Contrast and Assimilation Effects with and Without Awareness written by Piotr Winkielman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jerry Suls
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461542375
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Social Comparison written by Jerry Suls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison of objects, events, and situations is integral to judgment; comparisons of the self with other people comprise one of the building blocks of human conduct and experience. After four decades of research, the topic of social comparison is more popular than ever. In this timely handbook a distinguished roster of researchers and theoreticians describe where the field has been since its development in the early 1950s and where it is likely to go next.
Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317448294
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Illusions written by Rüdiger F Pohl and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.
Author : R. A.M. Gregson
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317769333
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)
Download or read book Time Series in Psychology written by R. A.M. Gregson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1983. Psychological data are segments of life histories; as such they are ordered sequences of observations and by definition time series. Yet they are often anything but well behaved; what regularities and invariances they have are buried from all but the most persistent investigator. The most common methods of representing quantitative results in psychology are frozen outside time; thus they deliberately average out much of the sequential structure that holds any sparse clues to the nature of processes within the organism. This review, whose simple aim is to bring together in an illuminating juxtaposition on basic results in both time series analysis and in experimental psychology, thus. cuts across traditions within psychology.
Author : John C. Baird
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317779770
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)
Download or read book Sensation and Judgment written by John C. Baird and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychophysical theory exists in two distinct forms -- one ascribes the explanation of phenomena and empirical laws to sensory processes. Context effects arising through the use of particular methods are an unwanted nuisance whose influence must be eliminated so that one isolates the "true" sensory scale. The other considers psychophysics only in terms of cognitive variables such as the judgment strategies induced by instructions and response biases. Sensory factors play a minor role in cognitive approaches. This work admits the validity of both forms of theory by arguing that the same empirical phenomena should be conceptualized in two alternative, apparently contradictory, ways. This acceptance of opposites is necessary because some empirical phenomena are best explained in terms of sensory processes, while others are best ascribed to central causes. The complementarity theory stresses the "mutually completing" nature of two distinct models. The first assigns importance to populations of sensory neurons acting in the aggregate and is formulated to deal with sensory effects. The second assigns importance to judgment uncertainty and to the subject strategies induced by experimental procedures. This model is formulated to explain context effects. Throughout the text, the exposition is interlaced with mathematics, graphs, and computer simulations designed to reveal the complementary nature of psychophysical explanations.
Author : Markus Raab
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080886140
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Mind and Motion: The Bidirectional Link between Thought and Action written by Markus Raab and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the implications of how our brain directs our movements on decision making. An extensive body of knowledge in chapters from international experts is presented as well as integrative group reports discussing new directions for future research.The understanding of how people make decisions is of central interest to experts working in fields such as psychology, economics, movement science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroinformatics, robotics, and sport science. For the first time the current volume provides a multidisciplinary overview of how action and cognition are integrated in the planning of and decisions about action. Offers intense, focused, and genuine interdisciplinary perspective Conveys state-of-the-art and outlines future research directions on the hot topic of mind and motion (or embodied cognition) Includes contributions from psychologists, neuroscientists, movement scientists, economists, and others
Author : Leonard L. Martin
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134770987
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)
Download or read book The Construction of Social Judgments written by Leonard L. Martin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have been addressing social judgment from a cognitive perspective for more than 15 years. Within recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that many of the models and assumptions initially adopted are in need of revision. The chapters in this volume point out where the original models and assumptions have fallen short, and suggest directions for future research and theorizing. The contributors address issues related to judgment, memory, affect, attitudes, and self-perception. In addition, many present theoretical frameworks within which these different issues can be integrated. As such, this volume represents the transition from one era of social cognition research to the next.
