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Assessment Methodology For Proliferation Resistant Fast Breeder Reactor
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Book Synopsis Assessment Methodology for Proliferation Resistant Fast Breeder Reactor by : Mohit Singh (S.M.)
Download or read book Assessment Methodology for Proliferation Resistant Fast Breeder Reactor written by Mohit Singh (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to perceived proliferation risks, current US fast reactor designs have avoided the use of uranium blankets. While reducing the amount of plutonium produced, this omission also restrains the reactor design space and has several disadvantages over blanketed cores. This study investigated many blanket options that would satisfy the proliferation concern while minimizing negative fuel cycle impact. To do so, a multi-variable metric was developed that combines 6 attributes: proliferation resistance, fuel fabrication, radiotoxicity, breeding gain, reactivity penalty and transportation. The final version of the metric consisted of using a yes or no decision on the proliferation criteria proposed by Bathke (for technologically advanced nations). The remaining 5 attributes are scaled between 0 and 1 with assigned weights for each. For our analysis, a 2400MWth sodium cooled core was considered. One row of blanket was added radially. Metal fuel composed of depleted uranium, zirconium and Np/Pu from light water reactor used fuel was used for the driver. It was determined that to meet the prescribed proliferation resistance criteria, a minimum of 4% MA (by volume) was needed in the blanket assemblies. However, increasing the amount of MA past 4% became detrimental to the combination of the other 5 attributes, mainly impacting the radiotoxicity, fuel fabrication and transportation. The addition of moderation by itself did not provide any means of dissipating proliferation issues. In the cases studied, it was determined that ZrH1.6 and BeO were the most promising moderating materials. They both provided some reduction in required MA concentration but at the expense of the radiotoxicity of the end product. Using our defined metric, it was determined that moderation provided no immediate benefit. It should also be noted that the homogeneous or heterogeneous addition of moderators has minimal impact on such scoping studies. Separation of the Cm/Bk/Cf vector from the Am was also studied. The blankets were composed of Am while the remaining Cm/Bk/Cf was left to decay in storage. The metric was then applied to the combined streams for all attributes except proliferation. The separated case performed worst in all cases examined. Also, as expected, varying the uranium composition vector from natural (NU), depleted (DU) and recycled (RU) had very little impact on our metric, thus the choice of uranium vector would be mostly left to cost and initial fabrication considerations. It should however be noted that the k-infinity at beginning-of-life was obviously higher for the recycled and natural cases. Looking at the reactivity over the first cycle indicates that NU provides an additional -40pcm over DU while RU provides -60pcm, which could provide 30 and 45 extra days of operation, respectively, or a reduction in driver core enrichment for a given cycle length.
Book Synopsis New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation Applied to Uranium and Thorium Fueled Fast Reactor Fuel Cycles by : Richard Royce Madison Metcalf
Download or read book New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation Applied to Uranium and Thorium Fueled Fast Reactor Fuel Cycles written by Richard Royce Madison Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comparison of nuclear facilities based on their barriers to nuclear material proliferation has remained a difficult endeavor, often requiring expert elicitation for each system under consideration. However, objectively comparing systems using a set of computable metrics to derive a single number representing a system is not, in essence, a nuclear nonproliferation specific problem and significant research has been performed for business models. For instance, Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis (MAUA) methods have been used previously to provide an objective insight of the barriers to proliferation. In this paper, the Proliferation Resistance Analysis and Evaluation Tool for Observed Risk (PRAETOR), a multi-tiered analysis tool based on the multiplicative MAUA method, is presented. It folds sixty three mostly independent metrics over three levels of detail to give an ultimate metric for nonproliferation performance comparison. In order to reduce analysts' bias, the weighting between the various metrics was obtained by surveying a total of thirty three nonproliferation specialists and nonspecialists from fields such as particle physics, international policy, and industrial engineering. The PRAETOR was used to evaluate the Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Cycle (FBRFC). The results obtained using these weights are compared against a uniform weight approach. Results are presented for five nuclear material diversion scenarios: four examples include a diversion attempt on various components of a PUREX fast reactor cycle and one scenario involves theft from a PUREX facility in a LWR cycle. The FBRFC was evaluated with uranium-plutonium fuel and a second time using thorium-uranium fuel. These diversion scenarios were tested with both uniform and expert weights, with and without safeguards in place. The numerical results corroborate nonproliferation truths and provide insight regarding fast reactor facilities' proliferation resistance in relation to known standards.
Book Synopsis Proliferation Resistance Assessment of the Integral Fast Reactor by :
Download or read book Proliferation Resistance Assessment of the Integral Fast Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) concept includes a sodium-cooled fast reactor collocated with an integrated pyroprocess fuel recycling facility. The pyrochemical processes and the inert atmosphere of the heavily shielded fuel cycle facility provide inherent proliferation-resistant features for this advanced technology. The reactor can be designed to operate with a number of different conversion factors, so that it could be used for excess plutonium consumption or as a breeder if needed for rapid expansion of energy supply. The system contains a large quantity of plutonium and minor actinides, which at all times remain in extremely hostile environments and in chemical and physical forms that would require additional processing to extract weapons-suitable material. The aqueous processing equipment and facilities to accomplish such separation would not be available on site. Transportation would not be required in the reference deployment scenario. Nevertheless, the proliferation-resistance of some parts of the system could be considerably strengthened by advanced safeguards technologies. In spite of its inherent features, international deployment of the system would probably be limited to stable countries with a strong existing nuclear infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Methodology for the Assessment of the Proliferation Resistance of Nuclear Power Systems, Topical Report by : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory
Download or read book Methodology for the Assessment of the Proliferation Resistance of Nuclear Power Systems, Topical Report written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thorium Fuel Cycle by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Book Synopsis Current Research in Nuclear Reactor Technology in Brazil and Worldwide by : Amir Mesquita
Download or read book Current Research in Nuclear Reactor Technology in Brazil and Worldwide written by Amir Mesquita and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to disseminate state-of-the-art research and advances in the area of nuclear reactors technology. The book was divided in two parts.Topics discussed in the first part of this compilation include: experimental investigation and computational validation of thermal stratification in PWR reactors piping systems, new methods in doppler broadening function calculation for nuclear reactors fuel temperature, isothermal phase transformation of uranium-zirconium-niobium alloys for advanced nuclear fuel, reactivity Monte Carlo burnup simulations of enriched gadolinium burnable poison for PWR fuel, utilization of thermal analysis technique for study of uranium-molybdenum fuel alloy, probabilistic safety assessment applied to research reactors, and a review on the state-of-the art and current trends of next generation reactors. The second part includes: thermal hydraulics study for a ultra high temperature reactor with packed sphere fuels, benefits in using lead-208 coolant for fast reactors and accelerator driven systems, nuclear power as a basis for future electricity production in the world: Generation III and IV reactors, nanostructural materials and shaped solids for improvement and energetic effectiveness of nuclear reactors safety and radioactive wastes, multilateral nuclear approach to nuclear fuel cycles, and a cold analysis of the Fukushima accident.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors by : Igor Pioro
Download or read book Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Igor Pioro and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. The book teaches the reader about available technologies, future prospects and the feasibility of each concept presented, equipping them users with a strong skillset which they can apply to their own work and research. Provides a fully updated, revised and comprehensive handbook dedicated entirely to generation IV nuclear reactors Includes new trends and developments since the first publication, as well as brand new case studies and appendices Covers the latest research, developments and design information surrounding generation IV nuclear reactors
Book Synopsis Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors by : Pascal Yvon
Download or read book Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Pascal Yvon and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operating at a high level of fuel efficiency, safety, proliferation-resistance, sustainability and cost, generation IV nuclear reactors promise enhanced features to an energy resource which is already seen as an outstanding source of reliable base load power. The performance and reliability of materials when subjected to the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors are essential areas of study, as key considerations for the successful development of generation IV reactors are suitable structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors explores the current state-of-the art in these areas. Part One reviews the materials, requirements and challenges in generation IV systems. Part Two presents the core materials with chapters on irradiation resistant austenitic steels, ODS/FM steels and refractory metals amongst others. Part Three looks at out-of-core materials. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors is an essential reference text for professional scientists, engineers and postgraduate researchers involved in the development of generation IV nuclear reactors. Introduces the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors and implications for structural materials Contains chapters on the key core and out-of-core materials, from steels to advanced micro-laminates Written by an expert in that particular area
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Book Synopsis Status of Fast Reactor Research and Technology Development by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Status of Fast Reactor Research and Technology Development written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Based on a recommendation from the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors, this publication is a regular update of previous publications on fast reactor technology. The publication provides comprehensive and detailed information on the technology of fast neutron reactors. The focus is on practical issues that are useful to engineers, scientists, managers, university students and professors. The main issues of discussion are experience in design, construction, operation and decommissioning, various areas of research and development, engineering, safety and national strategies, and public acceptance of fast reactors. In the summary the reader will find national strategies, international initiatives on innovative (i.e. Generation IV) systems and an assessment of public acceptance as related to fast reactors."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Book Synopsis Fusion-fission Hybrid as an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor by :
Download or read book Fusion-fission Hybrid as an Alternative to the Fast Breeder Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compares the fusion-fission hybrid on the plutonium cycle with the classical fast breeder reactor (FBR) cycle as a long-term nuclear energy source. For the purpose of comparison, the current light-water reactor once-through (LWR-OT) cycle was also analyzed. The methods and models used in this study were developed for use in a comparative analysis of conventional nuclear fuel cycles. Assessment areas considered in this study include economics, energy balance, proliferation resistance, technological status, public safety, and commercial viability. In every case the characteristics of all fuel cycle facilities were accounted for, rather than just those of the reactor.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy Basic Principles by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Nuclear Energy Basic Principles written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The publication identifies the basic principles that nuclear energy systems must satisfy to fulfil their promise of meeting growing global energy demands.
Book Synopsis Viability of Inert Matrix Fuel in Reducing Plutonium Amounts in Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Viability of Inert Matrix Fuel in Reducing Plutonium Amounts in Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reactors around the world have produced more than 2000 tonnes of plutonium, contained in spent fuel or as separated forms through reprocessing. Disposition of fissile materials has become a primary concern of nuclear non-proliferation efforts worldwide. There is a significant interest in IAEA Member States to develop proliferation resistant nuclear fuel cycles for incineration of plutonium such as inert matrix fuels (IMFs). This publication reviews the status of potential IMF candidates and describes several identified candidate materials for both fast and thermal reactors: MgO, ZrO2, SiC, Zr alloy, SiAl, ZrN; some of these have undergone test irradiations and post irradiation examination. Also discussed are modelling of IMF fuel performance and safety analysis. System studies have identified strategies for both implementation of IMF fuel as homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, as assemblies or core loadings and in existing reactors in the shorter term, as well as in new reactors in the longer term.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Proliferation and Civilian Nuclear Power by : United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation and Civilian Nuclear Power written by United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Power by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Power written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of nuclear power plants in the United States is stopping, as regulators, reactor manufacturers, and operators sort out a host of technical and institutional problems. This volume summarizes the status of nuclear power, analyzes the obstacles to resumption of construction of nuclear plants, and describes and evaluates the technological alternatives for safer, more economical reactors. Topics covered include: Institutional issues-including regulatory practices at the federal and state levels, the growing trends toward greater competition in the generation of electricity, and nuclear and nonnuclear generation options. Critical evaluation of advanced reactors-covering attributes such as cost, construction time, safety, development status, and fuel cycles. Finally, three alternative federal research and development programs are presented.
Book Synopsis Improving Fuel Cycle Design and Safety Characteristics of a Gas Cooled Fast Reactor by : Willem Frederik Geert van Rooijen
Download or read book Improving Fuel Cycle Design and Safety Characteristics of a Gas Cooled Fast Reactor written by Willem Frederik Geert van Rooijen and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Generation IV Forum is an international nuclear energy research initiative aimed at developing the fourth generation of nuclear reactors, envisaged to enter service halfway the 21st century. One of the Generation IV reactor systems is the Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR), the subject of study in this thesis. The Generation IV reactor concepts should improve all aspects of nuclear power generation. Within Generation IV, the GCFR concept specifically targets sustainability of nuclear power generation. The Gas Cooled Fast Reactor core power density is high in comparison to other gas cooled reactor concepts. Like all nuclear reactors, the GCFR produces decay heat after shut down, which has to be transported out of the reactor under all circumstances. The layout of the primary system therefore focuses on using natural convection Decay Heat Removal (DHR) where possible, with a large coolant fraction in the core to reduce friction losses.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
