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Aspects Microstructuraux De Loxydation Dalliages De Zirconium
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Book Synopsis Aspects microstructuraux de l'oxydation d'alliages de Zirconium by : Christian Proff
Download or read book Aspects microstructuraux de l'oxydation d'alliages de Zirconium written by Christian Proff and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse est axée sur la caractérisation microstructurale des précipités dans les oxydes des alliages binaires de zirconium (1 wt.% Fe, Cr , Ni ou 0.6 wt.% Nb). La température d'oxydation est fixée au 415°C. Les échantillons sont oxydés dans l'air et dans l'autoclave sous des pressions différentes et dans un microscope électronique à balayages environnemental sous vapeur d'eau. Les résultats des recherches peuvent être résumés ci-dessous : -Deux types d'oxydation (retardée et non retardée) ont été observés pour les précipités. -Le facteur de Pilling-Bedworth des précipités est plus élevé par rapport à celui de zirconium. -Les précipités contenant du fer entrainent une formation des cristaux de l'oxyde de fer pur à la surface du matériau, quand les précipités sont à la surface ou à la proximité. Ces observations mènent à la conclusion que le comportement d'oxydation des précipités peut être corrélé à leurs compositions et à la tendance d'oxydation de leurs éléments constituants.
Book Synopsis Comportement à l'oxydation d'alliages Zr-Ce by : Ludovic ROUILLON
Download or read book Comportement à l'oxydation d'alliages Zr-Ce written by Ludovic ROUILLON and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxydation d'alliages titane zirconium by : Isabelle Halley-Demoulin
Download or read book Oxydation d'alliages titane zirconium written by Isabelle Halley-Demoulin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce travail concerne l'oxydation, sous air et sous oxygène pur, d'alliages titane-zirconium, contenant de 26% a 82% atomique de zirconium, pour des températures comprises entre 500 et 1000 °C. Les études cinétiques, morphologiques et d'analyse de phases ont été réalisées. Elles montrent un emballement cinétique de la réaction et une destructuration morphologique de l'échantillon quand la teneur en zirconium varie de 30% à 82% atomique. Ces études révèlent également une morphologie particulière pour l'alliage Ti52 Zr48 : l'ondulation de l'interface alliage / oxyde lors d'oxydations réalisées a 720 °C. Des analyses en microsonde électronique permettent de montrer que cette morphologie est liée à la réalisation simultanée de trois facteurs : * l'oxydation dans un domaine critique de température, tel que les phases A et B de l'alliage coexistent au cours de l'oxydation, * le fluage de la phase B , au coeur de l'échantillon, * une épaisseur critique de l'échantillon. Les analyses, en fonction de la composition des alliages, de l'ensemble des résultats expérimentaux permettent de faire ressortir, dans la réaction d'oxydation, le rôle de chaque métal dans l'alliage, celui de la nature de l'oxyde formé ainsi que celui des contraintes mécaniques et leur relaxation.
Book Synopsis Etude expérimentale de l'oxydation des alliages de zirconium à haute pression de vapeur d'eau et modélisation des mécanismes by : Yacoub Dali
Download or read book Etude expérimentale de l'oxydation des alliages de zirconium à haute pression de vapeur d'eau et modélisation des mécanismes written by Yacoub Dali and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La corrosion des gaines de crayons combustible, en alliage de zirconium, limite la durée de vie des crayons dans les réacteurs à eau légère. Les industriels ont pour objectif à moyen terme d’augmenter la durée des cycles en réacteur, le nombre de cycles et de soumettre ces gaines à des conditions plus sollicitantes. Dans ce cadre, de nouveaux alliages, notamment le Zr-1%Nb, destinés à remplacer le Zircaloy-4 ont été récemment développés et présentent une résistance accrue à la corrosion en réacteur. Améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion de ces alliages est donc un enjeu industriel majeur, pour prédire le comportement à long terme de ces matériaux. L’oxydation de deux familles d’alliages a été étudiée sous vapeur d’eau (pression comprise entre 100 millibars et 100 bars) : les alliages de type Zircaloy, dont la composition est basée sur celle du Zircaloy-4 et ceux de type Zr-x%Nb à différentes teneurs en niobium (0,2 ; 0,4 et 1%). Nos objectifs pour ces deux familles d’alliage étaient de comprendre les différences de réactivité de ces matériaux entre la basse et la haute pression de vapeur d‘eau, en estimant les variations de la vitesse avec cette variable et l’influence de chaque élément d’addition sur la vitesse. Pour les alliages au niobium, une analyse approfondie de la ségrégation du niobium en surface a également été menée. Au cours de ce travail, une thermobalance à suspension magnétique a été développée et mise en œuvre pour suivre in-situ l’oxydation à haute pression (jusqu’à 50 bars). Cette expérimentation est, à notre connaissance, unique en son genre. Au cours de cette étude, un large domaine de pression a ainsi été balayé en associant expérimentations en thermobalance (0,1-10 bars) et en autoclave (10-100 bars). Les couches d’oxyde formées ont ensuite été caractérisées par différentes techniques telles que le MEB, le MET-HR, la DRX, l’ESCA, la marco- et microphotoélectrochimie (MPEC et mPEC), le SIMS après échange isotopique en H218O. Pour les alliages de la famille du Zircaloy, nous avons confirmé le rôle prépondérant des précipités Zr(Fe,Cr)2 sur la résistance à la corrosion des gaines, et validé la croissance de la vitesse d’oxydation du zirconium quasi-pur avec la pression partielle de vapeur d’eau. A l’opposé de la très grande stabilité cinétique du Zircaloy-4, dont la vitesse est indépendante de la pression de vapeur d’eau et donc contrôlée par la diffusion de l’oxygène dans la couche, nos résultats nous ont conduits à proposer une étape limitante de réaction d’interface dans le cas du zirconium pur, associée à une forte dégradation de la couche liée à une croissance des grains catalysée par la vapeur d’eau, à l’origine des décohésions entre des amas de cristallites. Les précipités Zr(Fe,Cr)2, au travers de la dissolution du fer dans la matrice de zircone environnante, pourraient, en stabilisant la zircone quadratique, assurer l’intégrité de la couche. Pour les alliages Zr-x%Nb et plus particulièrement pour l’alliage Zr-1%Nb, la vitesse d‘oxydation est dépendante de la pression partielle de vapeur d’eau. A cela s’ajoute un accroissement sensible de la ségrégation en niobium à la surface, mise en évidence par ESCA, sous la forme Nb2O5, mise en évidence par MPEC. La vitesse d’oxydation et la ségrégation en niobium montrent toutes deux une dépendance homographique en fonction de la pression. L’originalité de l’exploitation de ces résultats réside essentiellement dans la proposition d’un mécanisme simple prenant à la fois en compte la ségrégation et l’oxydation. Une étape limitante de diffusion des ions hydroxydes adsorbés dans la couche externe de l’oxyde permet de décrire la majorité des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur les alliages Zr-x%Nb.
Book Synopsis Heterostructured Materials by : Xiaolei Wu
Download or read book Heterostructured Materials written by Xiaolei Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterostructured (HS) materials represent an emerging class of materials that are expected to become a major research field for the communities of materials, mechanics, and physics in the next couple of decades. One of the biggest advantages of HS materials is that they can be produced by large-scale industrial facilities and technologies and therefore can be commercialized without the scaling up and high-cost barriers that are often encountered by other advanced materials. This book collects recent papers on the progress in the field of HS materials, especially their fundamental physics. The papers are arranged in a sequence of chapters that will help new researchers entering the field to have a quick and comprehensive understanding of HS materials, including the fundamentals and recent progress in their processing, characterization, and properties.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 13 :9789201063205 Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (632 download)
Book Synopsis In-Vessel Melt Retention and Ex-Vessel Corium Cooling: IAEA Tecdoc No. 1906 by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book In-Vessel Melt Retention and Ex-Vessel Corium Cooling: IAEA Tecdoc No. 1906 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.
Book Synopsis Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals by : Neil Birks
Download or read book Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals written by Neil Birks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straightforward treatment describing the oxidation processes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. This 2006 second edition retains the fundamental theory but incorporates advances made in understanding degradation phenomena. The first half provides an authoritative introduction to the basic principles, covering thermodynamics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The latter half extends the discussion to oxidation processes in complex systems, from reactions in mixed environments to protective techniques, including coatings and atmosphere control. The authors provide a logical and expert treatment of the subject, producing a revised edition that will be a comprehensive guide to material scientists and engineers requiring an understanding of this elementary process.
Book Synopsis High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals by : David John Young
Download or read book High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals written by David John Young and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-03 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is concerned with understanding the fundamental mechanisms of high temperature alloy oxidation. It uses this understanding to develop methods of predicting oxidation rates and the way they change with temperature, gas chemistry and alloy composition. The focus is on designing (or selecting) alloy compositions which provide optimal resistance to attack by corrosive gases. . Emphasises quantitative calculations for predicting reaction rates and the effects of temperature, oxidant activities and alloy compositions. . Uses phase diagrams and diffusion paths to analyse and interpret scale structures and internal precipitation distributions . Provides a detailed examination of corrosion in industrial gases (water vapour effects, carburisation and metal dusting, sulphidation) . Text is well supported by numerous micrographs, phase diagrams and tabulations of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data . Combines physical chemistry and materials science methodologies.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data by : Werner Martienssen
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data written by Werner Martienssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data provides a concise compilation of data and functional relationships from the fields of solid-state physics and materials in this 1200 page volume. The data, encapsulated in 914 tables and 1025 illustrations, have been selected and extracted primarily from the extensive high-quality data collection Landolt-Börnstein and also from other systematic data sources and recent publications of physical and technical property data. Many chapters are authored by Landolt-Börnstein editors, including the prominent Springer Handbook editors, W. Martienssen and H. Warlimont themselves. The Handbook is designed to be useful as a desktop reference for fast and easy retrieval of essential and reliable data in the lab or office. References to more extensive data sources are also provided in the book and by interlinking to the relevant sources on the enclosed CD-ROM. Physicists, chemists and engineers engaged in fields of solid-state sciences and materials technologies in research, development and application will appreciate the ready access to the key information coherently organized within this wide-ranging Handbook. From the reviews: "...this is the most complete compilation I have ever seen... When I received the book, I immediately searched for data I never found elsewhere..., and I found them rapidly... No doubt that this book will soon be in every library and on the desk of most solid state scientists and engineers. It will never be at rest." -Physicalia Magazine
Book Synopsis Fatigue of Materials and Structures by : Claude Bathias
Download or read book Fatigue of Materials and Structures written by Claude Bathias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of mechanical structures with improved and predictable durability cannot be achieved without a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue damage and more specifically the relationships between the microstructure of materials and their fatigue properties. Written by leading experts in the field, this book (which is complementary to Fatigue of Materials and Structures: Application to Damage and Design, also edited by Claude Bathias and André Pineau), provides an authoritative, comprehensive and unified treatment of the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue in metals, polymers and composites. Each chapter is devoted to one of the major classes of materials or to different types of fatigue damage, thereby providing overall coverage of the field. The book deals with crack initiation, crack growth, low-cycle fatigue, gigacycle fatigue, shorts cracks, fatigue micromechanisms and the local approach to fatigue damage, corrosion fatigue, environmental effects and variable amplitude loadings, and will be an important and much used reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers studying fracture and fatigue in numerous areas of mechanical, structural, civil, design, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Thermodynamic Diagrams: Organic compounds C1 to C4 by : Carl L. Yaws
Download or read book Handbook of Thermodynamic Diagrams: Organic compounds C1 to C4 written by Carl L. Yaws and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamic property data are important in many engineering applications in the chemical processing and petroleum refining industries.
Book Synopsis Multi-mechanism Modeling of Inelastic Material Behavior by : Georges Cailletaud
Download or read book Multi-mechanism Modeling of Inelastic Material Behavior written by Georges Cailletaud and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a particular class of models (namely Multi-Mechanism models) and their applications to extensive experimental data base related to different kind of materials. These models (i) are able to describe the main mechanical effects in plasticity, creep, creep/plasticity interaction, ratcheting extra-hardening under non-proportional loading (ii) provide local information (such us local stress/strain fields, damage, ….). A particular attention is paid to the identification process of material parameters. Moreover, finite element implementation of the Multi-Mechanism models is detailed.
Book Synopsis Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials by : Jacques Besson
Download or read book Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials written by Jacques Besson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mechanical engineering and structural analysis there is a significant gap between the material models currently used by engineers for industry applications and those already available in research laboratories. This is especially apparent with the huge progress of computational possibilities and the corresponding dissemination of numerical tools in engineering practice, which essentially deliver linear solutions. Future improvements of design and life assessment methods necessarily involve non-linear solutions for inelastic responses, in plasticity or viscoplasticity, as well as damage and fracture analyses. The dissemination of knowledge can be improved by software developments, data base completion and generalization, but also by information and training. With such a perspective Non-Linear Mechanics of Materials proposes a knowledge actualization, in order to better understand and use recent material constitutive and damage modeling methods in the context of structural analysis or multiscale material microstructure computations.
Book Synopsis Temperature-Fatigue Interaction by : L. Remy
Download or read book Temperature-Fatigue Interaction written by L. Remy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-03-11 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Temperature-Fatigue Interaction, held in Paris, May 29-31, 2001, organised by the Fatigue Committee of the Societé Française de Métallurgie et de Matériaux (SF2M), under the auspices of the European Structural Integrity Society. The conference disseminated recent research results and promoting the interaction and collaboration amongst materials scientists, mechanical engineers and design engineers. Many engineering components and structures used in the automotive, aerospace, power generation and many other industries experience cyclic mechanical loads at high temperature or temperature transients causing thermally induced stresses. The increase of operating temperature and thermal mechanical loading trigger the interaction with time-dependent phenomena such as creep and environmental effects (oxidation, corrosion). A large number of metallic materials were investigated including aluminium alloys for the automotive industry, steels and cast iron for the automotive industry and materials forming, stainless steels for power plants, titanium, composites, intermetallic alloys and nickel base superalloys for aircraft industry, polymers. Important progress was observed in testing practice for high temperature behaviour, including environment and thermo-mechanical loading as well as in observation techniques. A large problem which was emphasized is to know precisely service loading cycles under non-isothermal conditions. This was considered critical for numerous thermal fatigue problems discussed in this conference.
Book Synopsis Advances in Mechanical Behaviour, Plasticity and Damage by : D. Miannay
Download or read book Advances in Mechanical Behaviour, Plasticity and Damage written by D. Miannay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-03 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception in 1991, EUROMAT has been held each year on behalf of the Federation of European Materials Societies (FEMS), and alternates between general and topical prospectives. This year's theme, Advances in Mechanical Behaviour, Plasticity and Damage, was proposed by the Societe Francaise de Metallurgie et de Materiaux (SF2M) to FEMS. This publication contains a selection of papers presented at the EUROMAT 2000 Conference, held in Tours, France on 7-9 November 2000. The aim of this Conference was to concentrate mainly on recent advances made in the investigation of the relationship between microstructures of materials and their mechanical behaviour; including, fundamentals, modelling and applications. Encompassed in the Conference's aim is the nurturing of the synergistic effect between the theoretical and applied areas in this field. This was achieved by addressing important basic and practical aspects of the mechanical behaviour and damage of materials whilst also providing significant links between various complementary approaches. All kinds of materials are covered and topics that were covered include the mechanics of solid polymers, microstructurs and micromechanisms, and the collective behavior of defects which looks at the interaction of multiple defects in a system.
Book Synopsis Numerical Methods in Contact Mechanics by : Vladislav A. Yastrebov
Download or read book Numerical Methods in Contact Mechanics written by Vladislav A. Yastrebov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational contact mechanics is a broad topic which brings together algorithmic, geometrical, optimization and numerical aspects for a robust, fast and accurate treatment of contact problems. This book covers all the basic ingredients of contact and computational contact mechanics: from efficient contact detection algorithms and classical optimization methods to new developments in contact kinematics and resolution schemes for both sequential and parallel computer architectures. The book is self-contained and intended for people working on the implementation and improvement of contact algorithms in a finite element software. Using a new tensor algebra, the authors introduce some original notions in contact kinematics and extend the classical formulation of contact elements. Some classical and new resolution methods for contact problems and associated ready-to-implement expressions are provided. Contents: 1. Introduction to Computational Contact. 2. Geometry in Contact Mechanics. 3. Contact Detection. 4. Formulation of Contact Problems. 5. Numerical Procedures. 6. Numerical Examples. About the Authors Vladislav A. Yastrebov is a postdoctoral-fellow in Computational Solid Mechanics at MINES ParisTech in France. His work in computational contact mechanics was recognized by the CSMA award and by the Prix Paul Caseau of the French Academy of Technology and Electricité de France.
Book Synopsis Trends in Computational Contact Mechanics by : Giorgio Zavarise
Download or read book Trends in Computational Contact Mechanics written by Giorgio Zavarise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-19 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of Computational Contact Mechanics has many facets. Its main impact lies in the transfer of knowledge form theoretical research to applied sciences, and from there to industry. The application fields are literally countless, ranging from classical engineering to biomechanics and nano-sciences. The remarkable increase of computer power in recent years has been instrumental in enabling the development of simulation-based analysis in current design activity. This still involves tremendous effort in research, which focuses on, for example, multi-field and multi-scale problems, algorithmic robustness, and geometrical accuracy. Moreover, several aspects of Contact Mechanics, Debonding and Fracture Mechanics, have been combined to offer new enhanced possibilities to the computer simulation of complex phenomena. With these contributions of prominent scientists, this book offers a wide overview on the ongoing research at the highest level in the field.
