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Artificial Mind The Traveling Salesperson Problem The P Vs Np Problem
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Book Synopsis Artificial Mind: The Traveling Salesperson Problem. The P vs. NP Problem by : Gennady Stepanov
Download or read book Artificial Mind: The Traveling Salesperson Problem. The P vs. NP Problem written by Gennady Stepanov and published by Litres. This book was released on 2022-05-15 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which I offer to inquisitive readers, deals with the algorithm-theory problem of enumeration considered in discrete mathematics.This book is part of a series that describes an artificial-mind model I developed based on the philosophy of the Kantian apriorism.
Book Synopsis The Golden Ticket by : Lance Fortnow
Download or read book The Golden Ticket written by Lance Fortnow and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The computer science problem whose solution could transform life as we know it The P-NP problem is the most important open problem in computer science, if not all of mathematics. Simply stated, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly checked by computer can also be quickly solved by computer. The Golden Ticket provides a nontechnical introduction to P-NP, its rich history, and its algorithmic implications for everything we do with computers and beyond. Lance Fortnow traces the history and development of P-NP, giving examples from a variety of disciplines, including economics, physics, and biology. He explores problems that capture the full difficulty of the P-NP dilemma, from discovering the shortest route through all the rides at Disney World to finding large groups of friends on Facebook. The Golden Ticket explores what we truly can and cannot achieve computationally, describing the benefits and unexpected challenges of this compelling problem.
Book Synopsis In Pursuit of the Traveling Salesman by : William J. Cook
Download or read book In Pursuit of the Traveling Salesman written by William J. Cook and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of one of the greatest unsolved problems in mathematics What is the shortest possible route for a traveling salesman seeking to visit each city on a list exactly once and return to his city of origin? It sounds simple enough, yet the traveling salesman problem is one of the most intensely studied puzzles in applied mathematics—and it has defied solution to this day. In this book, William Cook takes readers on a mathematical excursion, picking up the salesman's trail in the 1800s when Irish mathematician W. R. Hamilton first defined the problem, and venturing to the furthest limits of today’s state-of-the-art attempts to solve it. He also explores its many important applications, from genome sequencing and designing computer processors to arranging music and hunting for planets. In Pursuit of the Traveling Salesman travels to the very threshold of our understanding about the nature of complexity, and challenges you yourself to discover the solution to this captivating mathematical problem.
Book Synopsis P, NP, and NP-Completeness by : Oded Goldreich
Download or read book P, NP, and NP-Completeness written by Oded Goldreich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is the P versus NP Question and the theory of NP-completeness. It also provides adequate preliminaries regarding computational problems and computational models. The P versus NP Question asks whether or not finding solutions is harder than checking the correctness of solutions. An alternative formulation asks whether or not discovering proofs is harder than verifying their correctness. It is widely believed that the answer to these equivalent formulations is positive, and this is captured by saying that P is different from NP. Although the P versus NP Question remains unresolved, the theory of NP-completeness offers evidence for the intractability of specific problems in NP by showing that they are universal for the entire class. Amazingly enough, NP-complete problems exist, and furthermore hundreds of natural computational problems arising in many different areas of mathematics and science are NP-complete.
Book Synopsis Computational Complexity by : Sanjeev Arora
Download or read book Computational Complexity written by Sanjeev Arora and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students.
Book Synopsis Mathematics and Computation by : Avi Wigderson
Download or read book Mathematics and Computation written by Avi Wigderson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the winner of the Turing Award and the Abel Prize, an introduction to computational complexity theory, its connections and interactions with mathematics, and its central role in the natural and social sciences, technology, and philosophy Mathematics and Computation provides a broad, conceptual overview of computational complexity theory—the mathematical study of efficient computation. With important practical applications to computer science and industry, computational complexity theory has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, with strong links to most mathematical areas and to a growing number of scientific endeavors. Avi Wigderson takes a sweeping survey of complexity theory, emphasizing the field’s insights and challenges. He explains the ideas and motivations leading to key models, notions, and results. In particular, he looks at algorithms and complexity, computations and proofs, randomness and interaction, quantum and arithmetic computation, and cryptography and learning, all as parts of a cohesive whole with numerous cross-influences. Wigderson illustrates the immense breadth of the field, its beauty and richness, and its diverse and growing interactions with other areas of mathematics. He ends with a comprehensive look at the theory of computation, its methodology and aspirations, and the unique and fundamental ways in which it has shaped and will further shape science, technology, and society. For further reading, an extensive bibliography is provided for all topics covered. Mathematics and Computation is useful for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, and related fields, as well as researchers and teachers in these fields. Many parts require little background, and serve as an invitation to newcomers seeking an introduction to the theory of computation. Comprehensive coverage of computational complexity theory, and beyond High-level, intuitive exposition, which brings conceptual clarity to this central and dynamic scientific discipline Historical accounts of the evolution and motivations of central concepts and models A broad view of the theory of computation's influence on science, technology, and society Extensive bibliography
Book Synopsis Ant Colony Optimization by : Marco Dorigo
Download or read book Ant Colony Optimization written by Marco Dorigo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the rapidly growing field of ant colony optimization that describes theoretical findings, the major algorithms, and current applications. The complex social behaviors of ants have been much studied by science, and computer scientists are now finding that these behavior patterns can provide models for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. The attempt to develop algorithms inspired by one aspect of ant behavior, the ability to find what computer scientists would call shortest paths, has become the field of ant colony optimization (ACO), the most successful and widely recognized algorithmic technique based on ant behavior. This book presents an overview of this rapidly growing field, from its theoretical inception to practical applications, including descriptions of many available ACO algorithms and their uses. The book first describes the translation of observed ant behavior into working optimization algorithms. The ant colony metaheuristic is then introduced and viewed in the general context of combinatorial optimization. This is followed by a detailed description and guide to all major ACO algorithms and a report on current theoretical findings. The book surveys ACO applications now in use, including routing, assignment, scheduling, subset, machine learning, and bioinformatics problems. AntNet, an ACO algorithm designed for the network routing problem, is described in detail. The authors conclude by summarizing the progress in the field and outlining future research directions. Each chapter ends with bibliographic material, bullet points setting out important ideas covered in the chapter, and exercises. Ant Colony Optimization will be of interest to academic and industry researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who wish to learn how to implement ACO algorithms.
Book Synopsis Agile Artificial Intelligence in Pharo by : Alexandre Bergel
Download or read book Agile Artificial Intelligence in Pharo written by Alexandre Bergel and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-06-20 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover classical algorithms commonly used as artificial intelligence techniques and program agile artificial intelligence applications using Pharo. This book takes a practical approach by presenting the implementation details to illustrate the numerous concepts it explains. Along the way, you’ll learn neural net fundamentals to set you up for practical examples such as the traveling salesman problem and cover genetic algorithms including a fun zoomorphic creature example. Furthermore, Practical Agile AI with Pharo finishes with a data classification application and two game applications including a Pong-like game and a Flappy Bird-like game. This book is informative and fun, giving you source code to play along with. You’ll be able to take this source code and apply it to your own projects. What You Will LearnUse neurons, neural networks, learning theory, and moreWork with genetic algorithms Incorporate neural network principles when working towards neuroevolution Include neural network fundamentals when building three Pharo-based applications Who This Book Is For Coders and data scientists who are experienced programmers and have at least some prior experience with AI or deep learning. They may be new to Pharo programming, but some prior experience with it would be helpful.
Book Synopsis The Traveling Salesman Problem by : David L. Applegate
Download or read book The Traveling Salesman Problem written by David L. Applegate and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest findings on one of the most intensely investigated subjects in computational mathematics--the traveling salesman problem. It sounds simple enough: given a set of cities and the cost of travel between each pair of them, the problem challenges you to find the cheapest route by which to visit all the cities and return home to where you began. Though seemingly modest, this exercise has inspired studies by mathematicians, chemists, and physicists. Teachers use it in the classroom. It has practical applications in genetics, telecommunications, and neuroscience. The authors of this book are the same pioneers who for nearly two decades have led the investigation into the traveling salesman problem. They have derived solutions to almost eighty-six thousand cities, yet a general solution to the problem has yet to be discovered. Here they describe the method and computer code they used to solve a broad range of large-scale problems, and along the way they demonstrate the interplay of applied mathematics with increasingly powerful computing platforms. They also give the fascinating history of the problem--how it developed, and why it continues to intrigue us.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Computational Optimization in Engineering by : Mario Köppen
Download or read book Intelligent Computational Optimization in Engineering written by Mario Köppen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We often come across computational optimization virtually in all branches of engineering and industry. Many engineering problems involve heuristic search and optimization, and, once discretized, may become combinatorial in nature, which gives rise to certain difficulties in terms of solution procedure. Some of these problems have enormous search spaces, are NP-hard and hence require heuristic solution techniques. Another difficulty is the lack of ability of classical solution techniques to determine appropriate optima of non-convex problems. Under these conditions, recent advances in computational optimization techniques have been shown to be advantageous and successful compared to classical approaches. This Volume presents some of the latest developments with a focus on the design of algorithms for computational optimization and their applications in practice. Through the chapters of this book, researchers and practitioners share their experience and newest methodologies with regard to intelligent optimization and provide various case studies of the application of intelligent optimization techniques in real-world applications.This book can serve as an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students in computer science, various engineering disciplines and the industry.
Book Synopsis Parameterized Complexity by : Rodney G. Downey
Download or read book Parameterized Complexity written by Rodney G. Downey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An approach to complexity theory which offers a means of analysing algorithms in terms of their tractability. The authors consider the problem in terms of parameterized languages and taking "k-slices" of the language, thus introducing readers to new classes of algorithms which may be analysed more precisely than was the case until now. The book is as self-contained as possible and includes a great deal of background material. As a result, computer scientists, mathematicians, and graduate students interested in the design and analysis of algorithms will find much of interest.
Book Synopsis Grokking Algorithms by : Aditya Bhargava
Download or read book Grokking Algorithms written by Aditya Bhargava and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book does the impossible: it makes math fun and easy!" - Sander Rossel, COAS Software Systems Grokking Algorithms is a fully illustrated, friendly guide that teaches you how to apply common algorithms to the practical problems you face every day as a programmer. You'll start with sorting and searching and, as you build up your skills in thinking algorithmically, you'll tackle more complex concerns such as data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. Learning about algorithms doesn't have to be boring! Get a sneak peek at the fun, illustrated, and friendly examples you'll find in Grokking Algorithms on Manning Publications' YouTube channel. Continue your journey into the world of algorithms with Algorithms in Motion, a practical, hands-on video course available exclusively at Manning.com (www.manning.com/livevideo/algorithms-?in-motion). Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology An algorithm is nothing more than a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. The algorithms you'll use most often as a programmer have already been discovered, tested, and proven. If you want to understand them but refuse to slog through dense multipage proofs, this is the book for you. This fully illustrated and engaging guide makes it easy to learn how to use the most important algorithms effectively in your own programs. About the Book Grokking Algorithms is a friendly take on this core computer science topic. In it, you'll learn how to apply common algorithms to the practical programming problems you face every day. You'll start with tasks like sorting and searching. As you build up your skills, you'll tackle more complex problems like data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. By the end of this book, you will have mastered widely applicable algorithms as well as how and when to use them. What's Inside Covers search, sort, and graph algorithms Over 400 pictures with detailed walkthroughs Performance trade-offs between algorithms Python-based code samples About the Reader This easy-to-read, picture-heavy introduction is suitable for self-taught programmers, engineers, or anyone who wants to brush up on algorithms. About the Author Aditya Bhargava is a Software Engineer with a dual background in Computer Science and Fine Arts. He blogs on programming at adit.io. Table of Contents Introduction to algorithms Selection sort Recursion Quicksort Hash tables Breadth-first search Dijkstra's algorithm Greedy algorithms Dynamic programming K-nearest neighbors
Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence by : George F. Luger
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence written by George F. Luger and published by Pearson Higher Ed. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving is ideal for a one- or two-semester undergraduate course on AI. In this accessible, comprehensive text, George Luger captures the essence of artificial intelligence–solving the complex problems that arise wherever computer technology is applied. Ideal for an undergraduate course in AI, the Sixth Edition presents the fundamental concepts of the discipline first then goes into detail with the practical information necessary to implement the algorithms and strategies discussed. Readers learn how to use a number of different software tools and techniques to address the many challenges faced by today’s computer scientists.
Book Synopsis The Traveling Salesman Problem by : D.B. Shmoys
Download or read book The Traveling Salesman Problem written by D.B. Shmoys and published by John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. This book was released on 1985 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Traveling Salesman Problem is central to the area of Combinatorial Optimization, and it is through this problem that many of the most important developments in the area have been made. This book focuses on essential ideas; through them it illustrates all the concepts and techniques of combinatorial optimization concisely but comprehensively. The extensive reference list and numerous exercises direct the reader towards related fields, and give results. Each of the twelve chapters in this volume is concerned with a specific aspect of the Traveling Salesman Problem, and is written by an authority on that aspect. It is hoped, that the book will serve as a state-of-the-art survey of the Traveling Salesman problem which will encourage further investigations, and that it will also be useful for its comprehensive coverage of the techniques of combinatorial optimization.
Download or read book Algorithms written by Sanjoy Dasgupta and published by McGraw-Hill Higher Education. This book was released on 2006 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, extensively class-tested over a decade at UC Berkeley and UC San Diego, explains the fundamentals of algorithms in a story line that makes the material enjoyable and easy to digest. Emphasis is placed on understanding the crisp mathematical idea behind each algorithm, in a manner that is intuitive and rigorous without being unduly formal. Features include:The use of boxes to strengthen the narrative: pieces that provide historical context, descriptions of how the algorithms are used in practice, and excursions for the mathematically sophisticated. Carefully chosen advanced topics that can be skipped in a standard one-semester course but can be covered in an advanced algorithms course or in a more leisurely two-semester sequence.An accessible treatment of linear programming introduces students to one of the greatest achievements in algorithms. An optional chapter on the quantum algorithm for factoring provides a unique peephole into this exciting topic. In addition to the text DasGupta also offers a Solutions Manual which is available on the Online Learning Center."Algorithms is an outstanding undergraduate text equally informed by the historical roots and contemporary applications of its subject. Like a captivating novel it is a joy to read." Tim Roughgarden Stanford University
Book Synopsis What Can Be Computed? by : John MacCormick
Download or read book What Can Be Computed? written by John MacCormick and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible and rigorous textbook for introducing undergraduates to computer science theory What Can Be Computed? is a uniquely accessible yet rigorous introduction to the most profound ideas at the heart of computer science. Crafted specifically for undergraduates who are studying the subject for the first time, and requiring minimal prerequisites, the book focuses on the essential fundamentals of computer science theory and features a practical approach that uses real computer programs (Python and Java) and encourages active experimentation. It is also ideal for self-study and reference. The book covers the standard topics in the theory of computation, including Turing machines and finite automata, universal computation, nondeterminism, Turing and Karp reductions, undecidability, time-complexity classes such as P and NP, and NP-completeness, including the Cook-Levin Theorem. But the book also provides a broader view of computer science and its historical development, with discussions of Turing's original 1936 computing machines, the connections between undecidability and Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and Karp's famous set of twenty-one NP-complete problems. Throughout, the book recasts traditional computer science concepts by considering how computer programs are used to solve real problems. Standard theorems are stated and proven with full mathematical rigor, but motivation and understanding are enhanced by considering concrete implementations. The book's examples and other content allow readers to view demonstrations of—and to experiment with—a wide selection of the topics it covers. The result is an ideal text for an introduction to the theory of computation. An accessible and rigorous introduction to the essential fundamentals of computer science theory, written specifically for undergraduates taking introduction to the theory of computation Features a practical, interactive approach using real computer programs (Python in the text, with forthcoming Java alternatives online) to enhance motivation and understanding Gives equal emphasis to computability and complexity Includes special topics that demonstrate the profound nature of key ideas in the theory of computation Lecture slides and Python programs are available at whatcanbecomputed.com
Book Synopsis Information, Physics, and Computation by : Marc Mézard
Download or read book Information, Physics, and Computation written by Marc Mézard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A very active field of research is emerging at the frontier of statistical physics, theoretical computer science/discrete mathematics, and coding/information theory. This book sets up a common language and pool of concepts, accessible to students and researchers from each of these fields.
