Architecture and Visual Culture in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean

Download Architecture and Visual Culture in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782503583969
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (839 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Architecture and Visual Culture in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean by : Vasileios Marinis

Download or read book Architecture and Visual Culture in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean written by Vasileios Marinis and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book comprises fourteen essays addressing issues of art and architecture as well as archaeology within the context of sacred space, broadly defined and encompassing a wide range of territories, methodologies, approaches, and scholarly concerns. Our point of departure is the built environment, with all that this encompasses, including religious and political ceremony, painted interiors and illuminated manuscripts, patronage, contested space, structural and environmental concerns, sensory properties, the written word as it pertains to architectural projects, and imagined spaces. In all, the scholars involved in this project find fresh approaches and uncover new meanings and interpretations in the material approached within this volume, including buildings and objects found from Europe to Asia, spanning from Late Antiquity through the end of the Middle Ages.

Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World

Download Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405182075
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World by : Eva R. Hoffman

Download or read book Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World written by Eva R. Hoffman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World is a much-needed teaching anthology that rethinks and broadens the scope of the stale and limiting classifications used for Early Christian-Byzantine visual arts. A comprehensive anthology offering a new approach to the visual arts classified as Early Christian-Byzantine Comprised of essays from experts in the field that integrate the newer, historiographical research into 'the canon' of established scholarship Exposes the historical, geographical and cultural continuities and interactions in the visual arts of the late antique and medieval Mediterranean world Covers an extensive range of topics, including the effect that converging cultures in late antiquity had on art, the cultural identities that can be observed by looking at difference of tradition in visual art, and the variance of illuminations in holy books

More than a Church: Late Antique Ecclesiastical Complexes in Cyprus

Download More than a Church: Late Antique Ecclesiastical Complexes in Cyprus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004697888
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis More than a Church: Late Antique Ecclesiastical Complexes in Cyprus by : Catherine T. Keane

Download or read book More than a Church: Late Antique Ecclesiastical Complexes in Cyprus written by Catherine T. Keane and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The church annexes of late antique Cyprus were bustling places of industry, producing olive oil, flour, bread, ceramics, and metal products. From its earliest centuries, the church was an economic player, participating in agricultural and artisanal production. More than a Church brings together architecture, ceramics, numismatics, landscape archaeology, and unpublished excavation material, alongside consideration of Cyprus’s dynamic and prosperous 4th–10th-century history. Keane offers a rich picture of the association between sacred buildings and agricultural and industrial facilities—comprehensively presenting, for the first time, the church’s economic role and impact in late antique Cyprus.

Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World

Download Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316241041
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World by : Antony Eastmond

Download or read book Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World written by Antony Eastmond and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inscriptions convey meaning not just by their contents but also by other means, such as choice of script, location, scale, spatial organisation, letterform, legibility and clarity. The essays in this book consider these visual qualities of inscriptions, ranging across the Mediterranean and the Near East from Spain to Iran and beyond, including Norman Sicily, Islamic North Africa, Byzantium, medieval Italy, Georgia and Armenia. While most essays focus on Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, they also look back at Achaemenid Iran and forward to Mughal India. Topics discussed include real and pseudo-writing, multilingual inscriptions, graffiti, writing disguised as images and images disguised as words. From public texts set up on mountainsides or on church and madrasa walls to intimate craftsmen's signatures, barely visible on the undersides of precious objects, the inscriptions discussed in this volume reveal their meanings as textual and visual devices.

The Oxford Handbook of Religious Space

Download The Oxford Handbook of Religious Space PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190874988
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Religious Space by : Jeanne Halgren Kilde

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Religious Space written by Jeanne Halgren Kilde and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Thinking about religious space : an introduction to approaches / Jeanne Halgren Kilde -- Conceptualizing space and place : genealogies of change in the study of religion / Juan E. Campo -- Hermeneutics of space : sacred space / Michael J. Crosbie -- Urbanism and religious space / Paul-François Tremlett -- Shared space, or mixed? / Robert M. Hayden -- Decommissioning and reuse of liturgical architectures : historical processes and temporal dimensions / Andrea Longhi -- The impermanence of religious space : three approaches to change in the American religioscape / Jeanne Halgren Kilde -- Planetary identities : globalization, climate change and meaning-making practices / Whitney A. Bauman -- Whose place is it? Layers of community and meaning in the land of Shinto and power spots / Caleb Carter -- Religious place/space in premodern China / Wei-Cheng Lin -- National treasures vs. alien species : religious spaces, raccoons, and national identity in contemporary Japan / Barbara R. Ambros -- Visualizing Himalayan Buddhist sacred sites in 3D/VR : pedagogy and partnership / Lauren Leve and Bradley Erickson -- Form and function in the ancient synagogue : evidence from the second to seventh centuries in Palestine and the diaspora / Marilyn J. Chiat -- A little bit of evil : Masjid Kufa in Early Twelver Shi'ism / Najam Haider -- Mediated spaces of collective ritual : sacred selfies at the Hajj / Nadia Caidi and Mariam Karim -- (In)visible priorities : epigraphic power and identity at a Jordanian state mosque / David Simonowitz -- Exploration of religious spaces in Western Africa : combining approaches to understand spaces / Daniel Dei -- Religious spaces as tourist sites in Ghana / Alice Matilda Nsiah -- Sacred space in 19th century Cape Town : mosque, city, landscape and a radical empiricism of the spatial / Ozayr Saloojee -- Mapping the spiritual Baptist universe : black Atlantic cosmography and the spatiality of spirit in Trinidad and Tobago / Brendan Jamal Thornton -- The spaces of Roman religion and Christianity in late antiquity / Béatrice Caseau Chevallier -- Presence and performance : Orthodox spaces of the Eastern Roman Empire / Amy Papalexandrou -- Remnants of Israel : Jewish spaces and landscapes in medieval and early modern Europe / Jessica Renee Streit and Barry L. Stiefel -- the religious landscape and its architecture in contemporary Europe / Esteban Fernández-Cobián -- Pre-Columbian and indigenous religious spaces in Mesoamerica / Brent K.S. Woodfill -- Protestant architecture in Latin America / Rodrigo Vidal Rojas -- Roman Catholic sacred space / Leonard Norman Primiano -- Protestant spaces in North America / David R. Bains -- Eastern Orthodox spaces in America / Nicholas Denysenko -- Diasporic sacred spaces : the case of boundary making at an American Sufi shrine / Merin Shobhana Xavier -- Women's mosques : spaces to rethink gender and religious authority / Irum Shiekh -- Sites of miracles and other holy places : the Santuario de Chimayó as case study / Brett Hendrickson -- Situating the dead : cemeteries as material, symbolic, and relational space / Avril Madrell and Brenda Mathijssen -- Fundament and abyss : public religion at the Berlin Holocaust Memorial / David Lê.

The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300-1600

Download The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300-1600 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003844898
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300-1600 by : Maria Alessia Rossi

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300-1600 written by Maria Alessia Rossi and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-22 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to broaden and nuance knowledge about the history, art, culture, and heritage of Eastern Europe relative to Byzantium. From the thirteenth century to the decades after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the regions of the Danube River stood at the intersection of different traditions, and the river itself has served as a marker of connection and division, as well as a site of cultural contact and negotiation. The Routledge Handbook of Byzantine Visual Culture in the Danube Regions, 1300–1600 brings to light the interconnectedness of this broad geographical area too often either studied in parts or neglected altogether, emphasizing its shared history and heritage of the regions of modern Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czechia. The aim is to challenge established perceptions of what constitutes ideological and historical facets of the past, as well as Byzantine and post-Byzantine cultural and artistic production in a region of the world that has yet to establish a firm footing on the map of art history. The 24 chapters offer a fresh and original approach to the history, literature, and art history of the Danube regions, thus being accessible to students thematically, chronologically, or by case study; each part can be read independently or explored as part of a whole.

Architecture of Disjuncture

Download Architecture of Disjuncture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9782503581088
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Architecture of Disjuncture by : Joseph Williams

Download or read book Architecture of Disjuncture written by Joseph Williams and published by Brepols Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through careful analysis of the Romanesque cathedral of Molfetta (in Apulia, southern Italy), Williams demonstrates how the commercial boom of the medieval Mediterranean changed the way churches were funded, designed, and built. The young bishopric of Molfetta, emerging in an economy of long-distance trade, competed with much wealthier institutions in its own diocese. Funding for the cathedral was slow and unpredictable. To adapt, the builders designed toward versatility, embracing multi-functionalism, change over time, specialization, and a heterogeneous style.

Performing the Gospels in Byzantium

Download Performing the Gospels in Byzantium PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108870872
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performing the Gospels in Byzantium by : Roland Betancourt

Download or read book Performing the Gospels in Byzantium written by Roland Betancourt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the Gospel text from script to illustration to recitation, this study looks at how illuminated manuscripts operated within ritual and architecture. Focusing on a group of richly illuminated lectionaries from the late eleventh century, the book articulates how the process of textual recitation produced marginalia and miniatures that reflected and subverted the manner in which the Gospel was read and simultaneously imagined by readers and listeners alike. This unique approach to manuscript illumination points to images that slowly unfolded in the mind of its listeners as they imagined the text being recited, as meaning carefully changed and built as the text proceeded. By examining this process within specific acoustic architectural spaces and the sonic conditions of medieval chant, the volume brings together the concerns of sound studies, liturgical studies, and art history to demonstrate how images, texts, and recitations played with the environment of the Middle Byzantine church.

Type and Archetype in Late Antique and Byzantine Art and Architecture

Download Type and Archetype in Late Antique and Byzantine Art and Architecture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004537783
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Type and Archetype in Late Antique and Byzantine Art and Architecture by :

Download or read book Type and Archetype in Late Antique and Byzantine Art and Architecture written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-02-13 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new approaches to the study of typology in Late Antique and Byzantine art and architecture and highlights the importance of type and archetype in constructing architecture and image theories.

Eclecticism in Late Medieval Visual Culture at the Crossroads of the Latin, Greek, and Slavic Traditions

Download Eclecticism in Late Medieval Visual Culture at the Crossroads of the Latin, Greek, and Slavic Traditions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110695634
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Eclecticism in Late Medieval Visual Culture at the Crossroads of the Latin, Greek, and Slavic Traditions by : Maria Alessia Rossi

Download or read book Eclecticism in Late Medieval Visual Culture at the Crossroads of the Latin, Greek, and Slavic Traditions written by Maria Alessia Rossi and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume builds upon the new worldwide interest in the global Middle Ages. It investigates the prismatic heritage and eclectic artistic production of Eastern Europe between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, while challenging the temporal and geographical parameters of the study of medieval, Byzantine, post-Byzantine, and early-modern art. Contact and interchange between primarily the Latin, Greek, and Slavic cultural spheres resulted in local assimilations of select elements that reshaped the artistic landscapes of regions of the Balkan Peninsula, the Carpathian Mountains, and further north. The specificities of each region, and, in modern times, politics and nationalistic approaches, have reinforced the tendency to treat them separately, preventing scholars from questioning whether the visual output could be considered as an expression of a shared history. The comparative and interdisciplinary framework of this volume provides a holistic view of the visual culture of these regions by addressing issues of transmission and appropriation, as well as notions of cross-cultural contact, while putting on the global map of art history the eclectic artistic production of Eastern Europe.

Mechanisms of Exchange

Download Mechanisms of Exchange PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004250344
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Exchange by :

Download or read book Mechanisms of Exchange written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring eight innovative studies by prominent scholars of medieval art and architecture, this special issue of Medieval Encounters examines the specific means by which art and architectural forms, techniques, and ideas were transmitted throughout the medieval world (ca. 1000-1500). While focusing on the Mediterranean region, the collection also includes essays that expand this geographic zone into a cultural and artistic one by demonstrating contact with near and distant neighbors, thereby allowing an expanded understanding of the interconnectedness of the medieval world. The studies are united by a focus on the specific mechanisms that enabled artistic and architectural interaction, as well as the individuals who facilitated these transmissions. Authors also consider the effects and collaboration of portable and monumental arts in the creation of intercultural artistic traditions. Contributors are: Justine Andrews, Maria Georgopoulou, Ludovico Geymonat, Heather E. Grossman, Eva Hoffman, Melanie Michailidis, Renata Holod, Scott Redford and Alicia Walker.

Mosaics, Empresses and Other Things in Byzantium

Download Mosaics, Empresses and Other Things in Byzantium PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040098002
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mosaics, Empresses and Other Things in Byzantium by : Liz James

Download or read book Mosaics, Empresses and Other Things in Byzantium written by Liz James and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of 15 articles published between 1991 and 2018. It falls into three sections, reflecting different areas of Liz James’s interests. The first section deals with light and colour and mosaics: four articles considering light and colour in mosaics and the making of mosaics, as well as the question of what it means to define mosaics as ‘Byzantine’ are reprinted. The second brings together four pieces on empresses: their relationships with female personifications and the Mother of God; their roles in founding and refounding buildings; and their employment as ciphers by some authors. Finally, seven papers cover a range of topics: what monumental images of saints in churches might have been for; what the differences between relics and icons might have been; how captions to images can be misleading; why touch was an important sense; how words can sometimes ‘just’ be decorative rather than for reading; why the materiality of objects makes a difference. There is also a brief section of additional notes and comments which add to, update and reflect on each piece now in 2024. Mosaics, Empresses and Other Things in Byzantium will be of interest to scholars and students alike interested in material culture, the depiction of regal women, and the use of relics and icons in the Byzantine Empire.

Cities as Palimpsests?

Download Cities as Palimpsests? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1789257697
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cities as Palimpsests? by : Elizabeth Key Fowden

Download or read book Cities as Palimpsests? written by Elizabeth Key Fowden and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The metaphor of the palimpsest has been increasingly invoked to conceptualize cities with deep, living pasts. This volume seeks to think through, and beyond, the logic of the palimpsest, asking whether this fashionable trope slyly forces us to see contradiction where local inhabitants saw (and see) none, to impose distinctions that satisfy our own assumptions about historical periodization and cultural practice, but which bear little relation to the experience of ancient, medieval or early modern persons. Spanning the period from Constantine’s foundation of a New Rome in the fourth century to the contemporary aftermath of the Lebanese civil war, this book integrates perspectives from scholars typically separated by the disciplinary boundaries of late antique, Islamic, medieval, Byzantine, Ottoman and modern Middle Eastern studies, but whose work is united by their study of a region characterized by resilience rather than rupture. The volume includes an introduction and eighteen contributions from historians, archaeologists and art historians who explore the historical and cultural complexity of eastern Mediterranean cities. The authors highlight the effects of the multiple antiquities imagined and experienced by persons and groups who for generations made these cities home, and also by travelers and other observers who passed through them. The independent case studies are bound together by a shared concern to understand the many ways in which the cities’ pasts live on in their presents.

The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100-450

Download The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100-450 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019876863X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100-450 by : Jaś Elsner

Download or read book The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100-450 written by Jaś Elsner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A beautifully illustrated, new edition of the best single-volume guide to Roman and early Christian art. Provides an introduction to the great diversity of artistic styles during the period, and their context.

Arts of Allusion

Download Arts of Allusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190695935
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arts of Allusion by : Margaret S. Graves

Download or read book Arts of Allusion written by Margaret S. Graves and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The art of the object reached unparalleled heights in the medieval Islamic world, yet the intellectual dimensions of ceramics, metalwares, and other plastic arts in this milieu have not always been acknowledged. Arts of Allusion reveals the object as a crucial site where pre-modern craftsmen of the eastern Mediterranean and Persianate realms engaged in fertile dialogue with poetry, literature, painting, and, perhaps most strikingly, architecture. Lanterns fashioned after miniature shrines, incense burners in the form of domed monuments, earthenware jars articulated with arches and windows, inkwells that allude to tents: through close studies of objects from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries, this book reveals that allusions to architecture abound across media in the portable arts of the medieval Islamic world. Arts of Allusion draws upon a broad range of material evidence as well as medieval texts to locate its subjects in a cultural landscape where the material, visual, and verbal realms were intertwined. Moving far beyond the initial identification of architectural types with their miniature counterparts in the plastic arts, Margaret Graves develops a series of new frameworks for exploring the intelligent art of the allusive object. These address materiality, representation, and perception, and examine contemporary literary and poetic paradigms of metaphor, description, and indirect reference as tools for approaching the plastic arts. Arguing for the role of the intellect in the applied arts and for the communicative potential of ornament, Arts of Allusion asserts the reinstatement of craftsmanship into Islamic intellectual history.

Muqarnas, Volume 24

Download Muqarnas, Volume 24 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047423321
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Muqarnas, Volume 24 by : Gülru Necipoglu

Download or read book Muqarnas, Volume 24 written by Gülru Necipoglu and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muqarnas is sponsored by The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Muqarnas articles are being published on all aspects of Islamic visual culture, historical and contemporary, as well as articles dealing with unpublished textual primary sources.

Cosmos and Community in Early Medieval Art

Download Cosmos and Community in Early Medieval Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300219164
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cosmos and Community in Early Medieval Art by : Benjamin Anderson

Download or read book Cosmos and Community in Early Medieval Art written by Benjamin Anderson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the rapidly changing world of the early Middle Ages, depictions of the cosmos represented a consistent point of reference across the three dominant states--the Frankish, Byzantine, and Islamic Empires. As these empires diverged from their Greco-Roman roots between 700 and 1000 A.D. and established distinctive medieval artistic traditions, cosmic imagery created a web of visual continuity, though local meanings of these images varied greatly. Benjamin Anderson uses thrones, tables, mantles, frescoes, and manuscripts to show how cosmological motifs informed relationships between individuals, especially the ruling elite, and communities, demonstrating how domestic and global politics informed the production and reception of these depictions. The first book to consider such imagery across the dramatically diverse cultures of Western Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic Middle East, Cosmos and Community in Early Medieval Art illuminates the distinctions between the cosmological art of these three cultural spheres, and reasserts the centrality of astronomical imagery to the study of art history.