Archaeology Of The Everglades

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Archaeology of the Everglades

Author : John W. Griffin
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813063213
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology of the Everglades by : John W. Griffin

Download or read book Archaeology of the Everglades written by John W. Griffin and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An important book about a natural World Heritage site that also has a rich human heritage."--American Archaeology "As the only available synthesis of the archaeology of the Everglades, this book fills an important niche."--Choice "Adds immeasurably to our knowledge of South Florida archaeology."--Journal of Field Archaeology "Offers a vivid glimpse into a rich cultural past in an oftentimes misunderstood and overlooked region of our country."--H-Net "Detailed descriptions of archaeological surveys and test excavations dovetail nicely with broader chapters on settlement, subsistence, and social organization. This is a valuable reference work."--SMRC Revista "An extremely important work. . . . John has brought his unprecedented knowledge of the archaeology together with his anthropological and ecological insights, to provide the most thorough synthesis of the predrainage aboriginal use of this area. Now that Congress has mandated the restoration of the Everglades . . . this book will provide researchers as well as the general public with an understanding of what the Everglades were like prior to drainage and how humans utilized this natural wonder."--Randolph J. Widmer, University of Houston Originally prepared as a report for the National Park Service in 1988, Griffin's work places the human occupation of the Everglades within the context of South Florida's unique natural environmental systems. He documents, for the first time, the little known but relatively extensive precolumbian occupation of the interior portion of the region and surveys the material culture of the Glades area. He also provides an account of the evolution of the region's climate and landscape and a history of previous archaeological research in the area and fuses ecological and material evidence into a discussion of the sequence and distribution of cultures, social organization, and lifeways of the Everglades inhabitants. Milanich and Miller have transformed Griffin's report into an accessible, comprehensive overview of Everglades archaeology for specialists and the general public. Management plans have been removed, maps redrawn, and updates added. The result is a synthesis of the archaeology of a region that is taking center stage as various state and federal agencies cooperate to restore the health of this important ecosystem, one of the nation's most renowned natural areas and one that has been designated a World Heritage Site and a Wetland of International Importance. This book will make a key work in Florida archaeology more readily available as a springboard for future research and will also, at last, allow John Griffin's contribution to south Florida archaeology to be more widely appreciated. John W. Griffin, a pioneer in Florida archaeology, was an archaeologist for both the Florida Park Service and the National Park Service (NPS), director of the NPS Southeast Archeological Center in Macon, Georgia, and director of the St. Augustine Preservation Board. Jerald T. Milanich is emeritus professor at the University of Florida/Florida Museum of Natural History and author of numerous books about the native peoples of the Southeast United States. James J. Miller was state archaeologist and chief of Florida’s Bureau of Archaeological Research for twenty years and is now a consultant in heritage planning. A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series

Archaeological and Historical Assessment of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas, Hendry and Palm Beach Counties, Florida

Author : Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Inc
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeological and Historical Assessment of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas, Hendry and Palm Beach Counties, Florida by : Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Inc

Download or read book Archaeological and Historical Assessment of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas, Hendry and Palm Beach Counties, Florida written by Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Everglades

Author : David McCally
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780813018270
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis The Everglades by : David McCally

Download or read book The Everglades written by David McCally and published by . This book was released on 2000-10-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the formation, development, and history of the Everglades

Life in the Florida Everglades

Author : Cristina Echazabal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis Life in the Florida Everglades by : Cristina Echazabal

Download or read book Life in the Florida Everglades written by Cristina Echazabal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The bioarchaeology of prehistoric south Florida has been an area of archaeological interest for the last century because of the interplay between ancient populations and the unique environment of the Everglades. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pathology, demography and mortuary practice of the ancient Southeast Florida aboriginal population at Miami One to assess the similarity of Miami One to other south Florida populations during the prehistoric period. The Miami One site (8DA11) is one of many related sites located along the shore of the Miami River. It was continuously occupied from the Late Archaic (ca. 1000 B.C.) through the Glades II period (1000 A.D.). Archaeological material associated with the Glades III period (ca. A.D. 1200) was also present. A large quantity of human remains was recovered and half of this collection is being temporarily housed at the University of South Florida. The burials were secondary and commingled in nature, having been recovered from solution holes which served as natural ossuaries. A total of forty-nine adults and fourteen juveniles are reported. Nineteen cases of osteoarthritis related to age and injury are described. Thirty-two cases of infection are described, including periostitis, osteomyelitis, and a possible treponemal infection. Seven cases of trauma are also present. Radiographic evidence demonstrates a low frequency of metabolic disruptions in the population. Dental pathology consists mostly of severe attrition, abscessing, calculus and very few caries, all consistent with a hunter-gatherer subsistence pattern. Mortuary data, including demography, pathology, type of burial, burial location and burial artifacts, are compared to that of five other contemporaneous sites and an earlier site associated with the Glades culture in southeast Florida. The data gathered in this study are consistent with those of the six additional sites, indicating that the local culture is indeed part of the larger Glades culture assigned to southeast Florida and that these groups are culturally heterogeneous.

Hidden History of Everglades City and Points Nearby

Author : Maureen Sullivan-Hartung
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1614231281
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Hidden History of Everglades City and Points Nearby by : Maureen Sullivan-Hartung

Download or read book Hidden History of Everglades City and Points Nearby written by Maureen Sullivan-Hartung and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-12 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of quirky and fun stories about the history of Everglades City. Drawing from the author's time as a reporter for the Everglades City Echo, this book will chronicle lesser-known stories about the area. The book discusses the original pioneer families of Everglades City, and the time when this city was the governing center of Collier County. It goes on to chronicle colorful characters from the area, local landmarks, and the annual Seafood Festival that draws 20,000 people to the city every year.

The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas

Author : Edward J. Petuch
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420045598
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas by : Edward J. Petuch

Download or read book The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas written by Edward J. Petuch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Painting a complete picture of the history of the Everglades, The Geology of the Everglades and Adjacent Areas brings together theperspectives of various geoscientists to provides an overview of the geology, paleontology, and paleoceanography of the Everglades region. It emphasizes the upper 300 m of the geologic framework of the area and gives insight into the local stratigraphy, geomorphology, lithology, and historical geology. Building upon the geologic nomenclature and stratigraphic sequences set down by the Florida Geological Survey, the book includes redefinitions of some previously poorly known formations, the chronological fine-tuning of other poorly known units, and the description of 7 new members. Designed to be a field guide as well as a reference, the book is illustrated with photographs of exposed geologic sections, stratotype localities, collection sites, and details of interesting fossil beds. It contains 124 full-page illustrations with 69 black and white figures, 43 black and white plates of index fossils, and 12 full color plates of simulated space shuttle images of Florida’s ancient seas and coastlines. This text is accompanied by downloadable resources that feature animated maps along with a Power Point presentation of simulated space shuttle imagery of Eocene-to-Holocene Florida. The book is arranged by geologic time, ranging from the late Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene to the Holocene. The authors place lithostratigraphic descriptions of the geologic formations and members into this chronological framework, along with the paleogeography of the seas and lakes within which they were deposited. They also emphasize biostratigraphy with over 1000 index fossils listed and over 400 illustrated. The book brings together information previously spread through innumerable publications, saving you the time and effort it would take to assemble and cross-reference multiple sources.

Visions of the Everglades

Author : Tommy Rodriguez
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1481765604
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Visions of the Everglades by : Tommy Rodriguez

Download or read book Visions of the Everglades written by Tommy Rodriguez and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Curiosity has driven Tommy Rodriguez deep into the marshlands and swamps of sunny South Florida. Visions of the Everglades chronicles his experiences in the Florida Everglades. A sense of adventure compelled Rodriguez to take on the task of exploring and documenting its habitats in search of something new. What he found was an experience like no other. Apart from narrating those experiences, this illustrated book is meant to broaden Everglades awareness. Because of the recent environmental challenges facing this ecosystem, Rodriguez has taken it upon himself to educate the public about preservation and conservation efforts to restore Floridas Everglades. His hope is that this book will serve as a launching board of interest in matters of ecosystem preservation and inspire individuals to get involved.

The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast

Author : Leslie Reeder-Myers
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813057264
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast by : Leslie Reeder-Myers

Download or read book The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast written by Leslie Reeder-Myers and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using archaeology as a tool for understanding long-term ecological and climatic change, this volume synthesizes current knowledge about the ways Native Americans interacted with their environments along the Atlantic Coast of North America over the past 10,000 years. Leading scholars discuss how the region’s indigenous peoples grappled with significant changes to shorelines and estuaries, from sea level rise to shifting plant and animal distributions to European settlement and urbanization. Together, they provide a valuable perspective spanning millennia on the diverse marine and nearshore ecosystems of the entire Eastern Seaboard—the icy waters of Newfoundland and the Gulf of Maine, the Middle Atlantic regions of the New York Bight and the Chesapeake Bay, and the warm shallows of the St. Johns River and the Florida Keys. This broad comparative outlook brings together populations and areas previously studied in isolation. Today, the Atlantic Coast is home to tens of millions of people who inhabit ecosystems that are in dramatic decline. The research in this volume not only illuminates the past, but also provides important tools for managing coastal environments into an uncertain future. A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson

The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands

Author : BarbaraA. Purdy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351411349
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands by : BarbaraA. Purdy

Download or read book The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands written by BarbaraA. Purdy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterlogged archaeological sites in Florida contain tools, art objects, dietary items, human skeletal remains, and glimpses of past environments that do not survive the ravages of time at typical terrestrial sites. Unfortunately, archaeological wet sites are invisible since their preservation depends upon their entombment in oxygen-free, organic deposits. As a result, they are often destroyed accidentally during draining, dredging, and development projects. These sites and the objects they contain are an important part of Florida's heritage. They provide an opportunity to learn how the state's earliest residents used available resources to make their lives more comfortable and how they expressed themselves artistically. Without the wood carvings from water-saturated sites, it would be easy to think of early Floridians as culturally impoverished because Florida does not have stone suitable for creating sculptures. This book compiles in one volume detailed accounts of such famous sites as Key Marco, Little Salt Spring, Windover, Ft. Center, and others. The book discusses wet site environments and explains the kinds of physical, chemical, and structural components required to ensure that the proper conditions for site formation are present and prevail through time. The book also talks about how to preserve artifacts that have been entombed in anaerobic deposits and the importance of classes of objects, such as wooden carvings, dietary items, human skeletal remains, to our better understanding of past cultures. Until now this information has been scattered in obscure documents and articles, thus diminishing its importance. Our ancestors may not have been Indians, but they contributed to the state's heritage for more than 10,000 years. Once disturbed by ambitious dredging and draining projects, their story is gone forever; it cannot be transplanted to another location.

The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands

Author : BarbaraA. Purdy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351411357
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands by : BarbaraA. Purdy

Download or read book The Art and Archaeology of Florida's Wetlands written by BarbaraA. Purdy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterlogged archaeological sites in Florida contain tools, art objects, dietary items, human skeletal remains, and glimpses of past environments that do not survive the ravages of time at typical terrestrial sites. Unfortunately, archaeological wet sites are invisible since their preservation depends upon their entombment in oxygen-free, organic deposits. As a result, they are often destroyed accidentally during draining, dredging, and development projects. These sites and the objects they contain are an important part of Florida's heritage. They provide an opportunity to learn how the state's earliest residents used available resources to make their lives more comfortable and how they expressed themselves artistically. Without the wood carvings from water-saturated sites, it would be easy to think of early Floridians as culturally impoverished because Florida does not have stone suitable for creating sculptures. This book compiles in one volume detailed accounts of such famous sites as Key Marco, Little Salt Spring, Windover, Ft. Center, and others. The book discusses wet site environments and explains the kinds of physical, chemical, and structural components required to ensure that the proper conditions for site formation are present and prevail through time. The book also talks about how to preserve artifacts that have been entombed in anaerobic deposits and the importance of classes of objects, such as wooden carvings, dietary items, human skeletal remains, to our better understanding of past cultures. Until now this information has been scattered in obscure documents and articles, thus diminishing its importance. Our ancestors may not have been Indians, but they contributed to the state's heritage for more than 10,000 years. Once disturbed by ambitious dredging and draining projects, their story is gone forever; it cannot be transplanted to another location.

Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida

Author : Jerald T. Milanich
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 1947372718
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida by : Jerald T. Milanich

Download or read book Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida written by Jerald T. Milanich and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The books in the Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series demonstrate the University Press of Florida’s long history of publishing Latin American and Caribbean studies titles that connect in and through Florida, highlighting the connections between the Sunshine State and its neighboring islands. Books in this series show how early explorers found and settled Florida and the Caribbean. They tell the tales of early pioneers, both foreign and domestic. They examine topics critical to the area such as travel, migration, economic opportunity, and tourism. They look at the growth of Florida and the Caribbean and the attendant pressures on the environment, culture, urban development, and the movement of peoples, both forced and voluntary. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series gathers the rich data available in these architectural, archaeological, cultural, and historical works, as well as the travelogues and naturalists’ sketches of the area in prior to the twentieth century, making it accessible for scholars and the general public alike. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series is made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, under the Humanities Open Books program.

Archaeology of Domestic Landscapes of the Enslaved in the Caribbean

Author : James A. Delle
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 1683403177
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology of Domestic Landscapes of the Enslaved in the Caribbean by : James A. Delle

Download or read book Archaeology of Domestic Landscapes of the Enslaved in the Caribbean written by James A. Delle and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While previous research on household archaeology in the colonial Caribbean has drawn heavily on artifact analysis, this volume provides the first in-depth examination of the architecture of slave housing during this period. It examines the considerations that went into constructing and inhabiting living spaces for the enslaved and reveals the diversity of people and practices in these settings. Contributors present case studies using written descriptions, period illustrations, and standing architecture, in addition to archaeological evidence to illustrate the wide variety of built environments for enslaved populations in places including Jamaica, the Bahamas, and the islands of the Lesser Antilles. They investigate how the enslaved defined their social positions and identities through house, yard, and garden space; they explore what daily life was like for slaves on military compounds; they compare the spatial arrangements of slave villages on plantations based on type of labor; and they show how the style of traditional laborer houses became a form of vernacular architecture still in use today. This volume expands our understanding of the wide range of enslaved experiences across British, French, Dutch, and Danish colonies. Contributors: Elizabeth C. Clay | James A. Delle | Todd M. Ahlman | Marco Meniketti | Kenneth Kelly | Hayden Bassett | James A. Delle | Kristen R. Fellows | Allan D. Meyers | Elizabeth C. Clay | Alicia Odewale | Meredith D. Hardy | Zachary J. M. Beier | Mark W. Hauser A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series Publication of the paperback edition made possible by a Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Methods, Mounds, and Missions

Author : Ann S. Cordell
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 168340338X
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods, Mounds, and Missions by : Ann S. Cordell

Download or read book Methods, Mounds, and Missions written by Ann S. Cordell and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods, Mounds, and Missions offers innovative ways of looking at existing data, as well as compelling new information, about Florida’s past. Diverse in scale, topic, time, and region, the volume’s contributions span the late Archaic through historic periods and cover much of the state’s panhandle and peninsula, with forays into the larger Southeast and circum-Caribbean area. Subjects explored in this volume include coastal ring middens, chiefly power and social interaction in mound-building societies, pottery design and production, faunal evidence of mollusk harvesting, missions and missionaries, European iron celts or chisels, Hernando de Soto’s sixteenth-century expedition, and an early nineteenth-century Seminole settlement. The essays incorporate previously underexplored markers of culture histories such as clay sources and non-chert lithic tools and address complex issues such as the entanglement of utilitarian artifacts with sociocultural and ritual realms. Experts in their topical specializations, this volume’s contributors build on the research methods and interpretive approaches of influential anthropologist Jerald Milanich. They update current archaeological interpretations of Florida history, developing and demonstrating the use of new and improved tools to answer broader and larger questions. A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series

Man in the Everglades

Author : Charlton W. Tebeau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Man in the Everglades by : Charlton W. Tebeau

Download or read book Man in the Everglades written by Charlton W. Tebeau and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tree Islands of the Everglades

Author : Fred H. Sklar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400900015
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Tree Islands of the Everglades by : Fred H. Sklar

Download or read book Tree Islands of the Everglades written by Fred H. Sklar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PREFACE Within the Florida Everglades, tree islands, which cover only a small percentofthis ecosystem, historically have provided essential habitat for a wide variety ofterrestrial and amphibious plants, birds, and animals. These tree islands, however, have been one ofits least studied features. Because of their less flood tolerant vegetation, tree islands are one ofthe most sensitive components ofthe Everglades to changes in hydrology, and many tree islands have been lost during periods when water levels have been abnormally high or low. Their sensitivity to water level changes makes tree islands potentially one ofthe best and surest measures ofthe overall hydrologic health of the Everglades. Consequently, the maintenance of healthy, functioning tree islands and the restoration ofthose that have been lost will be an important performance measures that will be used tojudge the success ofthe Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). A symposium, Tree Islands ofthe Everglades, was held on July 14 and 15, 1998 at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida. It was sponsored by Florida Center for Environmental Studies and the South Florida WaterManagement District. This was the first scientific meeting ever devoted to tree islands. The organizers of this symposium were Drs. Arnold van der Valk, Florida Center for Environmental Studies and Iowa State University, Fred Sklar, South Florida Water Management District, and Wiley Kitchens, United States Geological Survey.

Archeology of the Florida Gulf Coast

Author : Gordon Randolph Willey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Archeology of the Florida Gulf Coast by : Gordon Randolph Willey

Download or read book Archeology of the Florida Gulf Coast written by Gordon Randolph Willey and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years after its first publication by the Smithsonian Institution, this landmark work is back in print. Written by the dean of North and South American archaeologists, Gordon Willey, the book initially marked a new phase in archaeological research. It continues to offer a major synthesis of the archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast, with complete descriptions and illustrations of all the pottery types found in the area. The book contains data that remain indispensable to archaeologists working in every region or state east of the Mississippi River.

Archaeology of Early Colonial Interaction at El Chorro de Maíta, Cuba

Author : Roberto Valcárcel Rojas
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813055652
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology of Early Colonial Interaction at El Chorro de Maíta, Cuba by : Roberto Valcárcel Rojas

Download or read book Archaeology of Early Colonial Interaction at El Chorro de Maíta, Cuba written by Roberto Valcárcel Rojas and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During Spanish colonization of the Greater Antilles, the islands’ natives were forced into labor under the encomienda system. The indigenous people became "Indios," their language, appearance, and identity transformed by the domination imposed by a foreign model that Christianized and "civilized" them. Yet El Chorro de Maíta retained many of its indigenous characteristics. In this volume--one of the first in English to examine and document an archaeological site in Cuba--Roberto Valcárcel Rojas analyzes the construction of colonial authority and the various attitudes and responses of natives and other ethnic groups. His pioneering study reveals the process of transculturation in which new individuals emerged--Indians, mestizos, criollos--and helps construct the vital link between the pre-Columbian world and the development of an integrated and new history.