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Applied X Rays
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Book Synopsis Medical Imaging Systems by : Andreas Maier
Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
Book Synopsis FRCR Physics Notes by : Christopher Clarke
Download or read book FRCR Physics Notes written by Christopher Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive medical imaging physics notes aimed at those sitting the first FRCR physics exam in the UK and covering the scope of the Royal College of Radiologists syllabus. Written by Radiologists, the notes are concise and clearly organised with 100's of beautiful diagrams to aid understanding. The notes cover all of radiology physics, including basic science, x-ray imaging, CT, ultrasound, MRI, molecular imaging, and radiation dosimetry, protection and legislation. Although aimed at UK radiology trainees, it is also suitable for international residents taking similar examinations, postgraduate medical physics students and radiographers. The notes provide an excellent overview for anyone interested in the physics of radiology or just refreshing their knowledge. This third edition includes updates to reflect new legislation and many new illustrations, added sections, and removal of content no longer relevent to the FRCR physics exam. This edition has gone through strict critique and evaluation by physicists and other specialists to provide an accurate, understandable and up-to-date resource. The book summarises and pulls together content from the FRCR Physics Notes at Radiology Cafe and delivers it as a paperback or eBook for you to keep and read anytime. There are 7 main chapters, which are further subdivided into 60 sub-chapters so topics are easy to find. There is a comprehensive appendix and index at the back of the book.
Book Synopsis Applied X-rays by : George Lindenberg Clark
Download or read book Applied X-rays written by George Lindenberg Clark and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Digital Mammography by : Ulrich Bick
Download or read book Digital Mammography written by Ulrich Bick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Radiography has been ? rmly established in diagnostic radiology during the last decade. Because of the special requirements of high contrast and spatial resolution needed for roentgen mammography, it took some more time to develop digital m- mography as a routine radiological tool. Recent technological progress in detector and screen design as well as increased ex- rience with computer applications for image processing have now enabled Digital Mammography to become a mature modality that opens new perspectives for the diag- sis of breast diseases. The editors of this timely new volume Prof. Dr. U. Bick and Dr. F. Diekmann, both well-known international leaders in breast imaging, have for many years been very active in the frontiers of theoretical and translational clinical research, needed to bring digital mammography ? nally into the sphere of daily clinical radiology. I am very much indebted to the editors as well as to the other internationally rec- nized experts in the ? eld for their outstanding state of the art contributions to this v- ume. It is indeed an excellent handbook that covers in depth all aspects of Digital Mammography and thus further enriches our book series Medical Radiology. The highly informative text as well as the numerous well-chosen superb illustrations will enable certi? ed radiologists as well as radiologists in training to deepen their knowledge in modern breast imaging.
Book Synopsis Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers by : Ken Holmes
Download or read book Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers written by Ken Holmes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is essential that any practitioner working in an imaging department and using ionizing radiation has a sound knowledge base. In order to understand the various factors affecting the production of diagnostic images, practitioners must demonstrate a grasp of the fundamental definitions of physics and how these principles may be applied to radiogra
Book Synopsis Applied X-rays by : George Lindenberg Clark
Download or read book Applied X-rays written by George Lindenberg Clark and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I: General physics and applications of x-radiation: Before and after the discovery by roentgen. X-ray tubes. High-tension equipment. The measurement of intensity (dosage). The measurement of quality (Wave length). X-ray spectra and atomic structure. Chemical analysis from x-ray spectra. The absorption and scattering of x-rays. Radiography. X-ray photochemistry. The biological effects of x-radiation. Part II: The x-ray analysis of the ultimate structures of materials: Crystallography and x-ray diffraction. The experimental x-ray methods of crystal analysis. The interpretation of diffraction patterns in terms of ultimate structure. The results of crystal analysis: elements and inorganic compounds. Crystal chemistry: fundamental generalizations from experimental data. The silicates. Minerals, soils, ceramics, cements. Alloys. The crystalline and molecular structures of organic compounds. The structure of glasses, liquids, and other colloidal and amorphous materials. The interpretation of diffraction patterns in terms of grain size, orientation, internal strain, and mechanical deformation. Practical applications of x-ray diffraction to problems of the metallurgical industry. Polymers-synthetic and natural materials with giant molecules.
Book Synopsis Radiation Source Use and Replacement by : National Research Council
Download or read book Radiation Source Use and Replacement written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications by : Carolyn A. MacDonald
Download or read book An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications written by Carolyn A. MacDonald and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-13 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Carolyn A. MacDonald provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of a wide range of x-ray applications, optics, and analysis tools. Theory is applied to practical considerations of optics and applications ranging from astronomy to medical imaging and materials analysis. Emphasizing common physical concepts that underpin diverse phenomena and applications of x-ray physics, the book opens with a look at nuclear medicine, motivating further investigations into scattering, detection, and noise statistics. The second section explores topics in x-ray generation, including characteristic emission, x-ray fluorescence analysis, bremsstrahlung emission, and synchrotron and laser sources. The third section details the main forms of interaction, including the physics of photoelectric absorption, coherent and Compton scattering, diffraction, and refractive, reflective, and diffractive optics. Applications in this section include x-ray spectroscopy, crystallography, and dose and contrast in radiography. A bibliography is included at the end of every chapter, and solutions to chapter problems are provided in the appendix. Based on a course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and related sciences and also intended for researchers, An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications offers a thorough survey of the physics of x-ray generation and of interaction with materials. Common aspects of diverse phenomena emphasized Theoretical development tied to practical applications Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics or related sciences, as well as researchers Examples and problems include applications drawn from medicine, astronomy, and materials analysis Detailed solutions are provided for all examples and problems
Book Synopsis X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation by : David Attwood
Download or read book X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the physics and understand the current applications of modern X-ray and EUV sources with this fully updated second edition.
Book Synopsis Radiation in Medicine by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Radiation in Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-25 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.
Book Synopsis X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research by : Myeongkyu Lee
Download or read book X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research written by Myeongkyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray diffraction is a useful and powerful analysis technique for characterizing crystalline materials commonly employed in MSE, physics, and chemistry. This informative new book describes the principles of X-ray diffraction and its applications to materials characterization. It consists of three parts. The first deals with elementary crystallography and optics, which is essential for understanding the theory of X-ray diffraction discussed in the second section of the book. Part 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction can be applied for characterizing such various forms of materials as thin films, single crystals, and powders. The third section of the book covers applications of X-ray diffraction. The book presents a number of examples to help readers better comprehend the subject. X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications also • provides background knowledge of diffraction to enable nonspecialists to become familiar with the topics • covers the practical applications as well as the underlying principle of X-ray diffraction • presents appropriate examples with answers to help readers understand the contents more easily • includes thin film characterization by X-ray diffraction with relevant experimental techniques • presents a huge number of elaborately drawn graphics to help illustrate the content The book will help readers (students and researchers in materials science, physics, and chemistry) understand crystallography and crystal structures, interference and diffraction, structural analysis of bulk materials, characterization of thin films, and nondestructive measurement of internal stress and phase transition. Diffraction is an optical phenomenon and thus can be better understood when it is explained with an optical approach, which has been neglected in other books. This book helps to fill that gap, providing information to convey the concept of X-ray diffraction and how it can be applied to the materials analysis. This book will be a valuable reference book for researchers in the field and will work well as a good introductory book of X-ray diffraction for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Applied Physics of External Radiation Exposure by : Rodolphe Antoni
Download or read book Applied Physics of External Radiation Exposure written by Rodolphe Antoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the interaction of living matter with photons, neutrons, charged particles, electrons and ions. The authors are specialists in the field of radiation protection. The book synthesizes many years of experiments with external radiation exposure in the fields of dosimetry and radiation shielding in medical, industrial and research fields. It presents the basic physical concepts including dosimetry and offers a number of tools to be used by students, engineers and technicians to assess the radiological risk and the means to avoid them by calculating the appropriate shields. The theory of radiation interaction in matter is presented together with empirical formulas and abacus. Numerous numerical applications are treated to illustrate the different topics. The state of the art in radiation protection and dosimetry is presented in detail, especially in the field of simulation codes for external exposure to radiation, medical projects and advanced research. Moreover, important data spread in different up to date references are presented in this book. The book deals also with accelerators, X-rays facilities, sealed sources, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation and radiation regulation. Each chapter is split in two parts depending on the level of details the readers want to focus on. The first part, accessible to a large public, provides a lot of simple examples to help understanding the physics concepts under radiation external exposure. The second part, called “Additional Information” is not mandatory; it aims on explaining topics more deeply, often using mathematical formulations. The book treats fundamental radiometric and dosimetric quantities to describe the interaction in materials under the aspects of absorbed dose processes in tissues. Definitions and applications on limited and operational radiation protection quantities are given. An important aspect are practical engineering tools in industrial, medical and research domains. Source characterization and shielding design are addressed. Also more ”exotic” topics, such as ultra intense laser and new generation accelerators, are treated. The state of the art is presented to help the reader to work with the book in a self-consistent way. The basic knowledge necessary to apply Monte Carlo methods in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry for external radiation exposure is provided. Coverage of topics such as variance reduction, pseudo-random number generation and statistic estimators make the book useful even to experienced Monte Carlo practitioners. Solved problems help the reader to understand the Monte Carlo process. The book is meant to be used by researchers, engineers and medical physicist. It is also valuable to technicians and students.
Book Synopsis Applying Radiation Safety Standards in Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Procedures Using X Rays by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Applying Radiation Safety Standards in Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Procedures Using X Rays written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS), jointly sponsored, inter alia, by the IAEA, ILO, WHO and PAHO, establish requirements on the legal persons responsible for designing, running and decommissioning practices involving ionizing radiation. These requirements are basic and general in nature. This report is intended to be of assistance to both regulators and users of radiation sources in diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures using X rays in applying the BSS to this practice. Regulators will find it useful for reviewing applications for authorization and for the inspection of the practice. Users of radiation in radiology may follow the guidance provided in order to comply with BSS requirements or equivalent national requirements. Experts recruited on IAEA missions to advise on the implementation of the BSS for the practice of diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures using X rays are expected to use this regulatory guidance report rather than their own national regulations and guidance. --Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Medical Imaging by : Jacob Beutel
Download or read book Handbook of Medical Imaging written by Jacob Beutel and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes concurrent engineering developments that affect or are expected to influence future development of digital diagnostic imaging. It also covers current developments in Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) technology, with particular emphasis on integration of emerging imaging technologies into the hospital environment.
Book Synopsis X-rays in Atomic and Nuclear Physics by : Norman Allen Dyson
Download or read book X-rays in Atomic and Nuclear Physics written by Norman Allen Dyson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-03-22 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the methods of X-ray production at a level which is accessible to advanced undergraduates and researchers who use X-rays. It also discusses the fundamentals of these physical properties from an experimental viewpoint which is not covered in more specialised texts.
Book Synopsis Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra by : Gavin Poludniowski
Download or read book Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra written by Gavin Poludniowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics. This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes. Key Features: Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code.
Book Synopsis Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources by : Rolf Behling
Download or read book Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources written by Rolf Behling and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives an up-to-date summary of X-ray source design for applications in modern diagnostic medical imaging. Lays a sound groundwork for education and advanced training in the physics of X-ray production and X-ray interactions with matter. Includes a historical overview of X-ray tube and generator development, including key achievements leading up to the current technological and economic state of the field.
