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Application Of Silicon Carbide To Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors
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Book Synopsis Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to conventional mirror materials exposed to the harsh synchrotron radiation (SR) environment has prompted the SR user community to search for more suitable materials. Next-generation insertion devices, with their attendant flux increases, will make the problem of mirror design even more difficult. A parallel effort in searching for better materials has been underway within the laser community for several years. The technology for dealing with high thermal loads is highly developed among laser manufacturers. Performance requirements for laser heat exchangers are remarkably similar to SR mirror requirements. We report on the application of laser heat exchanger technology to the solution of typical SR mirror design problems. The superior performance of silicon carbide for laser applications is illustrated by various material trades studies, and its superior performance for SR applications is illustrated by means of model calculations.
Book Synopsis Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Mirrors for High Power Applications by :
Download or read book Silicon Carbide Mirrors for High Power Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of synchrotron radiation (SR) sources and high energy lasers (HEL) in recent years has brought about the need for optical materials that can withstand the harsh operating conditions in such devices. SR mirrors must be ultra-high vacuum compatible, must withstand intense x-ray irradiation without surface damage, must maintain surface figure under thermal loading and must be capable of being polished to an extremely smooth surface finish. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) silicon carbide in combination with sintered substrate material meets these requirements and offers additional benefits as well. It is an extremely hard material and offers the possibility of being cleaned and recoated many times without degradation of the surface finish, thereby prolonging the lifetime of expensive optical components. It is an extremely strong material and offers the possibility of weight reduction over conventional mirror materials.
Book Synopsis Development of Polishing Methods for Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book Development of Polishing Methods for Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material properties of Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide (CVD SiC) make it ideal for use in mirrors for synchrotron radiation experiments. We developed methods to grind and polish flat samples of CVD SiC down to measured surface roughness values as low as 1.1 Angstroms rms. We describe the processing details, including observations we made during trial runs with alternative processing recipes. We conclude that pitch polishing using progressively finer diamond abrasive, augmented with specific water based lubricants and additives, produces superior results. Using methods based on these results, a cylindrical and a toroidal mirror, each about 100 x 300mm, were respectively finished by Continental Optical and Frank Cooke, Incorporated. WYCO Interferometry shows these mirrors have surface roughness less than 5.7 Angstroms rms. These mirrors have been installed on the LLNL/UC X-ray Calibration and Standards Facility at the Stanford Synthrotron Radiation Laboratory.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of CVD Silicon Carbide for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Evaluation of CVD Silicon Carbide for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide (CVD SiC) is a recent addition to the list of materials suitable for use in the harsh environment of synchrotron radiation (SR) beam lines. SR mirrors for use at normal incidence must be ultrahigh vacuum compatible, must withstand intense x-ray irradiation without surface damage, must be capable of being polished to an extremely smooth surface finish, and must maintain surface figure under thermal loading. CVD SiC exceeds the performance of conventional optical materials in all these areas. It is, however, a relatively new optical material. Few manufacturers have experience in producing optical quality material, and few opticians have experience in figuring and polishing the material. The CVD material occurs in a variety of forms, sensitively dependent upon reaction chamber production conditions. We are evaluating samples of CVD SiC obtained commercially from various manufacturers, representing a range of deposition conditions, to determine which types of CVD material are most suitable for superpolishing. At the time of this writing, samples are being polished by several commercial vendors and surface finish characteristics are being evaluated by various analytical methods.
Book Synopsis Radiation Effects in Silicon Carbide by : A.A. Lebedev
Download or read book Radiation Effects in Silicon Carbide written by A.A. Lebedev and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2017 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the most interesting research concerning the radiation defects formed in 6H-, 4H-, and 3C-SiC under irradiation with electrons, neutrons, and some kinds of ions. The electrical parameters that make SiC a promising material for applications in modern electronics are discussed in detail. Specific features of the crystal structure of SiC are considered. It is shown that, when wide-bandgap semiconductors are studied, it is necessary to take into account the temperature dependence of the carrier removal rate, which is a standard parameter for determining the radiation hardness of semiconductors. The carrier removal rate values obtained by irradiation of various SiC polytypes with n- and p-type conductivity are analyzed in relation to the type and energy of the irradiating particles. The influence exerted by the energy of charged particles on how radiation defects are formed and conductivity is compensated in semiconductors under irradiation is analyzed. Furthermore, the possibility to produce controlled transformation of silicon carbide polytype is considered. The involvement of radiation defects in radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in SiC is analyzed. Data are also presented regarding the degradation of particular SiC electronic devices under the influence of radiation and a conclusion is made regarding the radiation resistance of SiC. Lastly, the radiation hardness of devices based on silicon and silicon carbide are compared.
Book Synopsis Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences by : T.A. Ezquerra
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences written by T.A. Ezquerra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynon-crystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as non-crystalline diffraction.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science by : Chunhai Fan
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the long-felt need for in-depth information on one of the most advanced material characterization methods, a top team of editors and authors from highly prestigious facilities and institutions covers a range of synchrotron techniques that have proven useful for materials research. Following an introduction to synchrotron radiation and its sources, the second part goes on to describe the various techniques that benefit from this especially bright light, including X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering, imaging, and lithography. The thrid and final part provides an overview of the applications of synchrotron radiation in materials science. bridging the gap between specialists in synchrotron research and material scientists, this is a unique and indispensable resource for academic and industrial researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials Analysis by : H. Saisho
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials Analysis written by H. Saisho and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-08-02 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchroton radiation (SR) is utilized in most scientific fields. This book will therefore be useful not only for researchers engaged in analytical chemistry, and those studying the basic fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, as well as earth science, medicine, and life science but also for those engaged in research for elucidating structure of material and its function in the application fields including applied physics, semiconductor engineering, and metal engineering. The book has a highly interdisciplinary character. The outstanding characteristics of SR have also contributed to the rapid development of new fields and applications in analytical chemistry. Features of this book: • Explains the basics of SR • Facilities and instrumentation are covered to facilitate the planning of experiments using SR. • Aspects for the future development of SR are included together with an introduction to the latest techniques which are expected to find increasing use in the coming years. This book should stimulate students specializing in analytical chemistry and materials science to have an interest in SR. In addition, it will provide scientists who are beginning analytical chemistry research using SR with instructive and illustrative descriptions. The book can also be used as an explanatory text for advanced research on the application of SR.
Book Synopsis Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Materials Science IV: Volume 524 by : Susan M. Mini
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Materials Science IV: Volume 524 written by Susan M. Mini and published by . This book was released on 1998-08-17 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 57 papers update the status of characterization techniques that use synchrotron radiation since the previous symposium on the subject in the spring of 1996. The techniques considered include X-ray absorption and scattering, imaging, tomography, microscopy, and topographic methods. Among the materials are surfaces, interfaces, electronic materials, metal oxides, solar cells, thin films, carbides, polymers, alloys, nanoparticles, and graphitic materials. Some of the papers are doubled spaced. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis In-situ Shearing Interferometry of National Synchrotron Light Source Mirrors by :
Download or read book In-situ Shearing Interferometry of National Synchrotron Light Source Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ mirror distortion measurements were made with a lateral shearing interferometer on three mirrors in beam line X17T at the National Syn203hrotron Light Source. Lateral shearing interference is insensitive to vibrational motion in five of the six degrees of freedom, so it is well-suited for investigations in the synchrotron radiation (SR) environment. No distortion was seen in an uncooled silicon carbide mirror and in a colled copper alloy mirror on X17TB, but a change in the radius of an uncooled electroless nickel-plated aluminium cylinder mirror of about 6.2% was observed on X17TA. Angular vibrations in the 2 to 3 arc second range were easily observed on one of the beam lines, as was an overall mirror rotation in the arc second range.
Book Synopsis Sintered Silicon Carbide Mirror Substrates Surface Finishing for Embedded Applications by :
Download or read book Sintered Silicon Carbide Mirror Substrates Surface Finishing for Embedded Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Diamond-turned Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation (SR). by :
Download or read book Use of Diamond-turned Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation (SR). written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diamond turning technique has great interest for users of synchrotron radiation because of its ability to produce surfaces of arbitrary shape. It also has the advantage of being well adapted to producing metal optics. These are of interest because they lend themselves to water cooling and hence represent one approach to the problem of high synchrotron radiation power loadings on optical surfaces. The optical figure produced by diamond turning is generally adequate for synchrotron radiation applications. The main difficulty centers around the question of smoothness. Diamond turned surfaces must receive a final polish after machining before they are sufficiently smooth for use with ultra-violet or x-ray radiation. The manufacturing stages can be carried out by various groups in the optics industry and the National Synchrotron Light Source has procured a considerable number of mirrors and is having them polished for use on the vuv storage ring. At the time of writing one mirror has been completed and evaluated and we give the results for this and discuss the indications for the future. The important measurement of the r.m.s. height of the surface roughness has given a value of 3 +- 0.9A using total integrated scatter of visible light at normal incidence.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Carbon Contamination of Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by : Tsuneharu Koide
Download or read book Investigation of Carbon Contamination of Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by Tsuneharu Koide and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Technologies for Lightweighted Aerospace Mirrors by :
Download or read book Silicon Carbide Technologies for Lightweighted Aerospace Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of monolithic glass and beryllium to produce lightweighted aerospace mirror systems has reached its limits due to the long lead times, high processing costs, environmental effects and launch load/weight requirements. New material solutions and manufacturing processes are required to meet DoD's directed energy weapons, reconnaissance/surveillance, and secured communications needs. Over the past several years the Air Force, MDA, and NASA has focused their efforts on the fabrication, lightweighting, and scale-up of numerous silicon carbide (SiC) based materials. It is anticipated that SiC can be utilized for most applications from cryogenic to high temperatures. This talk will focus on describing the SOA for these (near term) SiC technology solutions for making mirror structural substrates, figuring and finishing technologies being investigated to reduce cost time and cost, and non-destructive evaluation methods being investigated to help eliminate risk. Mirror structural substrates made out of advanced engineered materials (far term solutions) such as composites, foams, and microsphere arrays for ultra lightweighting will also be briefly discussed.
Book Synopsis On the Application of Synchrotron Radiation to X-Ray Diffraction: Polarization and Anomalous Scattering by : Stanford University. Hansen Laboratories. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project
Download or read book On the Application of Synchrotron Radiation to X-Ray Diffraction: Polarization and Anomalous Scattering written by Stanford University. Hansen Laboratories. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology by : R. Sweet
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology written by R. Sweet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a research tool was driven largely by the needs of materials scientists and solid-state physi cists. However, the availability of SR has extended significantly the capa bility of scientists who study biological structure with radiation. This volume contains some of the results reported at a symposium held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in May 1988 to discuss the application of synchrotron radiation to structural biology. We are grateful for financial support from the u. s. Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, Genentech, Inc., Blake Indus tries, Inc., Evans and Sutherland Co., The Upjohn Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Enraf-Nonius Service Corp., and Associated Universities, Inc. We warmly thank Ms. Nancy Siemon for her tireless efforts with correspondence and the manuscripts for this symposium volume. Symposium Committee: Robert M. Sweet, Chair Malcolm S. Capel Benno P. Schoenborn John C. Sutherland Elizabeth C. Theil Stephen W. White Avril D. Woodhead Helen Z. Kondratuk, Coordinator v CONTENTS An Introduction to the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R. M. Sweet SYMPOSIUM LECTURE Developments in X-ray Technology and Their Contribution to Structural Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 H. E. Huxley SOME OF THE SYNCHROTRON FACILITIES FOR BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES MacChess - A Macromolecular Diffraction Resource at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W. Schi1dkamp, K. Moffat, B. Batterman, D. Bilderback, T-Y. Teng, A. LeGrand and D. Szebenyi Facilities Available for Biophysics Research at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R. P."
