A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations

Download A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119459699
Total Pages : 1542 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations by : Christopher R. W. Dietrich

Download or read book A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations written by Christopher R. W. Dietrich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 1542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the entire range of the history of U.S. foreign relations from the colonial period to the beginning of the 21st century. A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations is an authoritative guide to past and present scholarship on the history of American diplomacy and foreign relations from its seventeenth century origins to the modern day. This two-volume reference work presents a collection of historiographical essays by prominent scholars. The essays explore three centuries of America’s global interactions and the ways U.S. foreign policies have been analyzed and interpreted over time. Scholars offer fresh perspectives on the history of U.S. foreign relations; analyze the causes, influences, and consequences of major foreign policy decisions; and address contemporary debates surrounding the practice of American power. The Companion covers a wide variety of methodologies, integrating political, military, economic, social and cultural history to explore the ideas and events that shaped U.S. diplomacy and foreign relations and continue to influence national identity. The essays discuss topics such as the links between U.S. foreign relations and the study of ideology, race, gender, and religion; Native American history, expansion, and imperialism; industrialization and modernization; domestic and international politics; and the United States’ role in decolonization, globalization, and the Cold War. A comprehensive approach to understanding the history, influences, and drivers of U.S. foreign relation, this indispensable resource: Examines significant foreign policy events and their subsequent interpretations Places key figures and policies in their historical, national, and international contexts Provides background on recent and current debates in U.S. foreign policy Explores the historiography and primary sources for each topic Covers the development of diverse themes and methodologies in histories of U.S. foreign policy Offering scholars, teachers, and students unmatched chronological breadth and analytical depth, A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations: Colonial Era to the Present is an important contribution to scholarship on the history of America’s interactions with the world.

Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons

Download Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786252961
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons by : Dr. Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons written by Dr. Jeffrey Record and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s decision to attack the United States in 1941 is widely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. How could Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, an enemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrial base 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japan was always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo’s decision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoiding defeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptable peace? Dr. Jeffrey Record takes a fresh look at Japan’s decision for war, and concludes that it was dictated by Japanese pride and the threatened economic destruction of Japan by the United States. He believes that Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, but argues that the road to war in 1941 was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations and that both sides suffered from cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Record finds that the Americans underestimated the role of fear and honor in Japanese calculations and overestimated the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a deterrent to war, whereas the Japanese underestimated the cohesion and resolve of an aroused American society and overestimated their own martial prowess as a means of defeating U.S. material superiority. He believes that the failure of deterrence was mutual, and that the descent of the United States and Japan into war contains lessons of great and continuing relevance to American foreign policy and defense decision-makers.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Download Franklin Delano Roosevelt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1610392132
Total Pages : 1329 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Franklin Delano Roosevelt by : Conrad Black

Download or read book Franklin Delano Roosevelt written by Conrad Black and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Franklin Delano Roosevelt stands astride American history like a colossus, having pulled the nation out of the Great Depression and led it to victory in the Second World War. Elected to four terms as president, he transformed an inward-looking country into the greatest superpower the world had ever known. Only Abraham Lincoln did more to save America from destruction. But FDR is such a large figure that historians tend to take him as part of the landscape, focusing on smaller aspects of his achievements or carping about where he ought to have done things differently. Few have tried to assess the totality of FDR's life and career. Conrad Black rises to the challenge. In this magisterial biography, Black makes the case that FDR was the most important person of the twentieth century, transforming his nation and the world through his unparalleled skill as a domestic politician, war leader, strategist, and global visionary -- all of which he accomplished despite a physical infirmity that could easily have ended his public life at age thirty-nine. Black also takes on the great critics of FDR, especially those who accuse him of betraying the West at Yalta. Black opens a new chapter in our understanding of this great man, whose example is even more inspiring as a new generation embarks on its own rendezvous with destiny.

American History: A Very Short Introduction

Download American History: A Very Short Introduction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199911657
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American History: A Very Short Introduction by : Paul S. Boyer

Download or read book American History: A Very Short Introduction written by Paul S. Boyer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in Oxford's A Very Short Introduction series offers a concise, readable narrative of the vast span of American history, from the earliest human migrations to the early twenty-first century when the United States loomed as a global power and comprised a complex multi-cultural society of more than 300 million people. The narrative is organized around major interpretive themes, with facts and dates introduced as needed to illustrate these themes. The emphasis throughout is on clarity and accessibility to the interested non-specialist.

Atlantic Charter

Download Atlantic Charter PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Atlantic Charter by :

Download or read book Atlantic Charter written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Back Door to War

Download Back Door to War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ostara Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781684546138
Total Pages : 694 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Back Door to War by : Charles Callan Tansill

Download or read book Back Door to War written by Charles Callan Tansill and published by Ostara Publications. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Callan Tansill, America's diplomatic historian, convincingly argues that Franklin Roosevelt wished to involve the United States in World War II. When his efforts appeared to come to naught, Roosevelt provoked Japan into an attack on American territory, and so doing enter the war through the "back door".

Tomorrow, the World

Download Tomorrow, the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067424866X
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tomorrow, the World by : Stephen Wertheim

Download or read book Tomorrow, the World written by Stephen Wertheim and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history explains how and why, as it prepared to enter World War II, the United States decided to lead the postwar world. For most of its history, the United States avoided making political and military commitments that would entangle it in European-style power politics. Then, suddenly, it conceived a new role for itself as the world’s armed superpower—and never looked back. In Tomorrow, the World, Stephen Wertheim traces America’s transformation to the crucible of World War II, especially in the months prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. As the Nazis conquered France, the architects of the nation’s new foreign policy came to believe that the United States ought to achieve primacy in international affairs forevermore. Scholars have struggled to explain the decision to pursue global supremacy. Some deny that American elites made a willing choice, casting the United States as a reluctant power that sloughed off “isolationism” only after all potential competitors lay in ruins. Others contend that the United States had always coveted global dominance and realized its ambition at the first opportunity. Both views are wrong. As late as 1940, the small coterie of officials and experts who composed the U.S. foreign policy class either wanted British preeminence in global affairs to continue or hoped that no power would dominate. The war, however, swept away their assumptions, leading them to conclude that the United States should extend its form of law and order across the globe and back it at gunpoint. Wertheim argues that no one favored “isolationism”—a term introduced by advocates of armed supremacy in order to turn their own cause into the definition of a new “internationalism.” We now live, Wertheim warns, in the world that these men created. A sophisticated and impassioned narrative that questions the wisdom of U.S. supremacy, Tomorrow, the World reveals the intellectual path that brought us to today’s global entanglements and endless wars.

Sovereignty & the Responsibility to Protect

Download Sovereignty & the Responsibility to Protect PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022607708X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sovereignty & the Responsibility to Protect by : Luke Glanville

Download or read book Sovereignty & the Responsibility to Protect written by Luke Glanville and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1973, authorizing its member states to take measures to protect Libyan civilians from Muammar Gadhafi’s forces. In invoking the “responsibility to protect,” the resolution draws on the principle that sovereign states are responsible and accountable to the international community for the protection of their populations and that the international community can act to protect populations when national authorities fail to do so. The idea that sovereignty includes the responsibility to protect is often seen as a departure from the classic definition, but it actually has deep historical roots. In Sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect, Luke Glanville argues that this responsibility extends back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and that states have since been accountable for this responsibility to God, the people, and the international community. Over time, the right to national self-governance came to take priority over the protection of individual liberties, but the noninterventionist understanding of sovereignty was only firmly established in the twentieth century, and it remained for only a few decades before it was challenged by renewed claims that sovereigns are responsible for protection. Glanville traces the relationship between sovereignty and responsibility from the early modern period to the present day, and offers a new history with profound implications for the present.

The Last Utopia

Download The Last Utopia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674256522
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Last Utopia by : Samuel Moyn

Download or read book The Last Utopia written by Samuel Moyn and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. In this pioneering book, Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future. For some, human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization, the age of the American and French Revolutions, or the post–World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanity’s moral history, The Last Utopia shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern and western Europe, as well as throughout the United States and Latin America, human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism and political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.

Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy

Download Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 1452235368
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy by : Robert J. McMahon

Download or read book Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy written by Robert J. McMahon and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At no time in American history has an understanding of the role and the art of diplomacy in international relations been more essential than it is today. Both the history of U.S. diplomatic relations and the current U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century are major topics of study and interest across the nation and around the world. Spanning the entire history of American diplomacy—from the First Continental Congress to the war on terrorism to the foreign policy goals of the twenty-first century—Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy traces not only the growth and development of diplomatic policies and traditions but also the shifts in public opinion that shape diplomatic trends. This comprehensive, two-volume reference shows how the United States gained "the strength of a giant" and also analyzes key world events that have determined the United States’ changing relations with other nations. The two volumes’ structure makes the key concepts and issues accessible to researchers: The set is broken up into seven parts that feature 40 topical and historical chapters in which expert writers cover the diplomatic initiatives of the United States from colonial times through the present day. Volume II’s appendix showcases an A-to-Z handbook of diplomatic terms and concepts, organizations, events, and issues in American foreign policy. The appendix also includes a master bibliography and a list of presidents; secretaries of state, war, and defense; and national security advisers and their terms of service. This unique reference highlights the changes in U.S. diplomatic policy as government administrations and world events influenced national decisions. Topics include imperialism, economic diplomacy, environmental diplomacy, foreign aid, wartime negotiations, presidential influence, NATO and its role in the twenty-first century, and the response to terrorism. Additional featured topics include the influence of the American two-party system, the impact of U.S. elections, and the role of the United States in international organizations. Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy is the first comprehensive reference work in this field that is both historical and thematic. This work is of immense value for researchers, students, and others studying foreign policy, international relations, and U.S history. ABOUT THE EDITORS Robert J. McMahon is the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of History in the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at The Ohio State University. He is a leading historian of American diplomatic history and is author of several books on U.S. foreign relations. Thomas W. Zeiler is professor of history and international affairs at the University of Colorado at Boulder and is the executive editor of the journal Diplomatic History.

Ethnicity, Race, and American Foreign Policy

Download Ethnicity, Race, and American Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UPNE
ISBN 13 : 9781555531331
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (313 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ethnicity, Race, and American Foreign Policy by : Alexander DeConde

Download or read book Ethnicity, Race, and American Foreign Policy written by Alexander DeConde and published by UPNE. This book was released on 1992 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds a disconcerting light on a familiar history, contending that ethnoracial considerations and especially British-American ethnocentrism have often taken priority over morality, ideology, and other factors in determining U.S. foreign policy.

Roosevelt, the Party Leader, 1932-1945

Download Roosevelt, the Party Leader, 1932-1945 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 9780813130798
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Roosevelt, the Party Leader, 1932-1945 by : Sean J. Savage

Download or read book Roosevelt, the Party Leader, 1932-1945 written by Sean J. Savage and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FDR -- the wily political opportunist glowing with charismatic charm, a leader venerated and hated with equal vigor -- such is one common notion of a president elected to an unprecedented four terms. But in this first comprehensive study of Roosevelt's leadership of the Democratic party, Sean Savage reveals a different man. He contends that, far from being a mere opportunist, Roosevelt brought to the party a conscious agenda, a longterm strategy of creating a liberal Democracy that would be an enduring majority force in American politics. The roots of Roosevelt's plan for the party ran back to his experiences with New York politics in the 1920s. It was here, Savage argues, that Roosevelt first began to perceive that a pluralistic voting base and a liberal philosophy offered the best way for Democrats to contend with the established Republican organization. With the collapse of the economy in 1929 and the discrediting of Republican fiscal policy, Roosevelt was ready to carry his views to the national scene when elected president in 1932. Through his analysis of the New Deal, Savage shows how Roosevelt made use of these programs to develop a policy agenda for the Democratic party, to establish a liberal ideology, and, most important, to create a coalition of interest groups and voting blocs that would continue to sustain the party long after his death. A significant aspect of Roosevelt's leadership was his reform of the Democratic National Committee, which was designed to make the party's organization more open and participatory in setting electoral platforms and in raising financial support. Savage's exploration of Roosevelt's party leadership offers a new perspective on the New Deal era and on one of America's great presidents that will be valuable for historians and political scientists alike.

A NEW DEAL FOR THE WORLD

Download A NEW DEAL FOR THE WORLD PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674281918
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A NEW DEAL FOR THE WORLD by : Elizabeth Borgwardt

Download or read book A NEW DEAL FOR THE WORLD written by Elizabeth Borgwardt and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-30 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a work of sweeping scope and luminous detail, Elizabeth Borgwardt describes how a cadre of World War II American planners inaugurated the ideas and institutions that underlie our modern international human rights regime. Borgwardt finds the key in the 1941 Atlantic Charter and its Anglo-American vision of "war and peace aims." In attempting to globalize what U.S. planners heralded as domestic New Deal ideas about security, the ideology of the Atlantic Charter--buttressed by FDR’s "Four Freedoms" and the legacies of World War I--redefined human rights and America’s vision for the world. Three sets of international negotiations brought the Atlantic Charter blueprint to life--Bretton Woods, the United Nations, and the Nuremberg trials. These new institutions set up mechanisms to stabilize the international economy, promote collective security, and implement new thinking about international justice. The design of these institutions served as a concrete articulation of U.S. national interests, even as they emphasized the importance of working with allies to achieve common goals. The American architects of these charters were attempting to redefine the idea of security in the international sphere. To varying degrees, these institutions and the debates surrounding them set the foundations for the world we know today. By analyzing the interaction of ideas, individuals, and institutions that transformed American foreign policy--and Americans’ view of themselves--Borgwardt illuminates the broader history of modern human rights, trade and the global economy, collective security, and international law. This book captures a lost vision of the American role in the world.

Freedom Betrayed

Download Freedom Betrayed PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hoover Press
ISBN 13 : 0817912363
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Freedom Betrayed by : George H. Nash

Download or read book Freedom Betrayed written by George H. Nash and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 2013-09-01 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbert Hoover's "magnum opus"—at last published nearly fifty years after its completion—offers a revisionist reexamination of World War II and its cold war aftermath and a sweeping indictment of the "lost statesmanship" of Franklin Roosevelt. Hoover offers his frank evaluation of Roosevelt's foreign policies before Pearl Harbor and policies during the war, as well as an examination of the war's consequences, including the expansion of the Soviet empire at war's end and the eruption of the cold war against the Communists.

FDR's Good Neighbor Policy

Download FDR's Good Neighbor Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 9780292765573
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (655 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FDR's Good Neighbor Policy by : Fredrick B. Pike

Download or read book FDR's Good Neighbor Policy written by Fredrick B. Pike and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this thoughtful, thoroughly researched, balanced, and unorthodox analysis, Pike decides US noninterventionist orientation was based on Rooseveltian realism eschewing pressures on Latin Americans to accept US values (he assumed they would eventually co

One World

Download One World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789126649
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One World by : Wendell L. Willkie

Download or read book One World written by Wendell L. Willkie and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AROUND THE WORLD IN 49 DAYS In One World Wendell Willkie gives a highly personal account of his meetings with Stalin, Chiang Kai-shek, General Montgomery, General Chennault and other United Nations leaders. He tells of his talks with prime ministers and kings, and with teachers, soldiers, librarians, factory workers, and farmers around the world. He reports a great awakening that is going on among the peoples of the world and his deep conviction that the United Nations must learn to work together now, while they fight, if they hope to live together after the war is over. The publishers believe that One World is a great contribution to the cause of true victory. It is certainly one of the most courageous and outspoken books ever written by a great public figure. “I want to urge every American to read One World. It’s not a book, it’s a searchlight.”—CLIFTON FADIMAN “...he has a seeing eye and an understanding heart....He is a genuine believer in the American way of life....Mr. Willkie’s book becomes a plea that Americans should learn to understand the shrunken world in which they live...”—WALTER LIPPMANN “It is one of the most absorbing books I have read in years, full of humour, shrewd observation, a thousand and one facts you and I never heard but should have. I read it in one gulp.”—WILLIAM L. SHIRER

FDR and the Jews

Download FDR and the Jews PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674073673
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FDR and the Jews by : Richard Breitman

Download or read book FDR and the Jews written by Richard Breitman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly seventy-five years after World War II, a contentious debate lingers over whether Franklin Delano Roosevelt turned his back on the Jews of Hitler's Europe. Defenders claim that FDR saved millions of potential victims by defeating Nazi Germany. Others revile him as morally indifferent and indict him for keeping America's gates closed to Jewish refugees and failing to bomb Auschwitz's gas chambers. In an extensive examination of this impassioned debate, Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman find that the president was neither savior nor bystander. In FDR and the Jews, they draw upon many new primary sources to offer an intriguing portrait of a consummate politician-compassionate but also pragmatic-struggling with opposing priorities under perilous conditions. For most of his presidency Roosevelt indeed did little to aid the imperiled Jews of Europe. He put domestic policy priorities ahead of helping Jews and deferred to others' fears of an anti-Semitic backlash. Yet he also acted decisively at times to rescue Jews, often withstanding contrary pressures from his advisers and the American public. Even Jewish citizens who petitioned the president could not agree on how best to aid their co-religionists abroad. Though his actions may seem inadequate in retrospect, the authors bring to light a concerned leader whose efforts on behalf of Jews were far greater than those of any other world figure. His moral position was tempered by the political realities of depression and war, a conflict all too familiar to American politicians in the twenty-first century.