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Ancient Egyptian Musical Instruments
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Book Synopsis Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt by : Lise Manniche
Download or read book Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt written by Lise Manniche and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ancient Egyptian Musical Instruments by : Lise Manniche
Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Musical Instruments written by Lise Manniche and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Egypt written by Rafael Pérez Arroyo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Egyptian Musical Instruments by : Moustafa Gadalla
Download or read book Egyptian Musical Instruments written by Moustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the major Ancient Egyptian musical instruments, their ranges, and playing techniques. This book consists of five chapters: Chapter 1: The Wealth of Instruments will cover the general characteristics of Egyptian instruments as well the major components of the musical orchestra Chapter 2: Stringed Instruments will cover various Ancient Egyptian stringed instruments such as lyres, tri-gonon (zither), Harps including playing techniques: Harps—Playing Techniques; The All-Encompassing Capacities of Ancient; string instruments with neck—such as short-neck Lute; the long-neck Egyptian guitars; and Bowed Instruments [Kamanga, Rababa]. Chapter 3: Wind Instruments will cover The end blown flute; transverse flute; pan flute; single reed pipe (clarinet); double Pipe; double clarinet; double oboe; arghool; others (bagpipe and organ); and horns/trumpets. Chapter 4: Percussion Instruments will cover the membrano-phone instruments such as drums and tambourines; and the non-membrano-phone (idiophone) instruments such as percussion sticks, clappers, sistrums/sistra, cymbals, castanets, bells (chimes), xylophone and glockenspiel and human parts (hands, fingers, thighs, feet, etc.). Chapter 5: The Musical Performance will cover the significance and roles of the fingers and their knuckles in producing and directing musical performances; as well as the varied methods for maintaining the rhythmic timing/tempo—including the use of syllables.
Book Synopsis Leila and the City of the Cat Goddess by : Twinkl Originals
Download or read book Leila and the City of the Cat Goddess written by Twinkl Originals and published by Twinkl. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gods were such an important part of Leila’s world that she saw them in almost every aspect of her daily life – but she had never expected to have one as a pet. Leila is tired of the constant hustle and bustle that comes with living in Bubastis, the ancient Egyptian city of cats, especially when an important festival is fast approaching. That is until, one day, she comes across a very unusual cat with a very unusual problem. With the city in danger and the festival about to be ruined forever, it’s a race against time to recover a lost magical item from the depths of the pharaoh’s tomb and rescue the people from a dark and sinister threat. Can Leila and her new companion save the city of the cat goddess before it’s too late? Download the full eBook and explore supporting teaching materials at www.twinkl.com/originals Join Twinkl Book Club to receive printed story books every half-term at www.twinkl.co.uk/book-club (UK only).
Book Synopsis The History of Musical Instruments by : Curt Sachs
Download or read book The History of Musical Instruments written by Curt Sachs and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a distinguished musicologist, this comprehensive history of musical instruments traces their evolution from prehistoric times in a fusion of music, anthropology, and fine arts. Includes 24 plates and 167 illustrations.
Book Synopsis A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music by : Tosca A. C. Lynch
Download or read book A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music written by Tosca A. C. Lynch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPANION TO ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN MUSIC A comprehensive guide to music in Classical Antiquity and beyond Drawing on the latest research on the topic, A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music provides a detailed overview of the most important issues raised by the study of ancient Greek and Roman music. An international panel of contributors, including leading experts as well as emerging voices in the field, examine the ancient 'Art of the Muses' from a wide range of methodological, theoretical, and practical perspectives. Written in an engaging and accessible style, this book explores the pervasive presence of the performing arts in ancient Greek and Roman culture—ranging from musical mythology to music theory and education, as well as archaeology and the practicalities of performances in private and public contexts. But this Companion also explores the broader roles played by music in the Graeco-Roman world, examining philosophical, psychological, medical and political uses of music in antiquity, and aspects of its cultural heritage in Mediaeval and Modern times. This book debunks common myths about Greek and Roman music, casting light on yet unanswered questions thanks to newly discovered evidence. Each chapter includes a discussion of the tools or methodologies that are most appropriate to address different topics, as well as detailed case studies illustrating their effectiveness. This book Offers new research insights that will contribute to the future developments of the field, outlining new interdisciplinary approaches to investigate the importance of performing arts in the ancient world and its reception in modern culture Traces the history and development of ancient Greek and Roman music, including their Near Eastern roots, following a thematic approach Showcases contributions from a wide range of disciplines and international scholarly traditions Examines the political, social and cultural implications of music in antiquity, including ethnicity, regional identity, gender and ideology Presents original diagrams and transcriptions of ancient scales, rhythms, and extant scores that facilitate access to these vital aspects of ancient music for scholars as well as practicing musicians Written for a broad range of readers including classicists, musicologists, art historians, and philosophers, A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music provides a rich, informative and thought-provoking picture of ancient music in Classical Antiquity and beyond.
Book Synopsis The Study of Musical Performance in Antiquity by : Agnès Garcia Ventura
Download or read book The Study of Musical Performance in Antiquity written by Agnès Garcia Ventura and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of eleven essays provides the reader with some valuable insights into the richness of sources dealing with music and musical performance scattered over 3000 years and covering a wide range of geographies, from Syria to Iberia, through Greece and Rome. The volume, then, offers a series of examinations of literary data and materials from different areas of the Classical World and the Near East in ancient times and in late Antiquity, examined both synchronically and diachronically, in some cases in dialogue with one another. This broad treatment makes this collection of interest to historians, archaeologists, philologists and musicians, providing them with a multi-faceted volume which guides them towards a fuller understanding of ancient societies and which heightens the awareness of the importance of music as a transversal phenomenon.
Download or read book Isis Magic written by M. Isidora Forrest and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-12 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isis Magic: Cultivating a Relationship with the Goddess of 10,000 Names enables the many women and men who are today exploring Goddess spirituality to build a relationship with the Divine Feminine by focusing their exploration through the worship of one of the most well-known and well-loved Goddesses of all time: the Egyptian Isis. Today, as in ancient times, Isis, known as the Goddess of Ten Thousand Names, can become for Her devotees the One Goddess Who is All Goddesses. Isis Magic begins with a well-researched and in-depth history of the nature and worship of Isis from Her ancient Egyptian origins to the modern day. In the first part of the book, readers discover the many faces of Isis, from Ancient Bird of Prey Goddess and Lady of Magic to Queen of the Mysteries and Savior. Readers will learn how Isis later became disguised as a Black Madonna, a historical Queen of Egypt, and even as an Alchemical Principle--as well as how Her true identity as a Goddess was retained in the inner teachings of secret societies. Finally, readers follow Isis into the 20th and 21st centuries as Her undisguised worship is revived, first by colorful personalities like Dion Fortune and influential groups such as the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and today by worldwide associations like the Fellowship of Isis. The book's second part applies this knowledge to a four-part spiritual journey to the heart of the Goddess. With each step, the reader enters a successively deeper stage of relationship with Isis. By participating in exercises, meditations, and powerful, beautifully written rituals, readers can initiate themselves into the magical religion of Isis and become, if they so desire, a dedicated priestess or priest. Written by M. Isidora Forrest, an ordained Priestess of Isis and Hermetic Adept, Isis Magic brings the worship of Isis to life. It is the perfect resource to aid the individual seeker, to inspire a circle, coven, or Iseum, or to serve as a program of spiritual growth and personal development for those called by Isis to be Her priestesses and priests.
Book Synopsis The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, East and West by : Curt Sachs
Download or read book The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, East and West written by Curt Sachs and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eminent scholar explores the evolution of music, from the ecstatic singing of early civilizations to the development of more structured styles in Egypt, East Asia, Rome, and other regions.
Book Synopsis World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East by : Simon Broughton
Download or read book World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East written by Simon Broughton and published by Rough Guides. This book was released on 1999 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1994 in one volume. An A-Z of the music, musicians and discs. 2006 edition available as an e-book.
Book Synopsis Music in Egypt: Includes CD by : Scott Marcus
Download or read book Music in Egypt: Includes CD written by Scott Marcus and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the variety of music that fill the eastern Arab world, with special focus on the musics found in modern day Egypt.
Book Synopsis The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System by : Moustafa Gadalla
Download or read book The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System written by Moustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the cosmic roots of Egyptian musical, vocal, and dancing rhythmic forms. Learn the fundamentals (theory and practice) of music in the typical Egyptian way: simple, coherent, and comprehensive. Review a detailed description of the major Egyptian musical instruments, playing techniques, functions, etc. Discover the Egyptian rhythmic practices in all aspects of their lives. This book will make your heart sing. This Expanded Version of the book: The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System is divided into seven parts containing a total of 22 chapters. Part I: Prelude consists of one chapter: Chapter 1: The Egyptian Musical System will cover a quick background overview of the Egyptian musical system as evident in its archaeological findings. Part II: The Harmony of The Spheres consists of four chapters—2 through 5: Chapter 2: The Archetypal Cosmic Musical System will cover the basis and role of the harmony of the spheres in adopting the diatonic musical scale as the archetypal musical system. Chapter 3: Music All the Time (24 hours, 7 days) will cover and explain the correlations between the hours of the days of the week and their corresponding musical notes. Chapter 4: Energizing the Diatonic Week will cover the natural musical scale, its two energy Centers,and the Egyptian Dorian D-scale. Chapter 5: The Harmonic Three Components will cover the primary basics of the Egyptian harmonic canon, the three primary quantal vowels/sounds, and the triadic musical/linguistic core. Part III: The Musical Notes consists of two chapters—6 and 7: Chapter 6: The Derivatives of The Perfect Fifth will cover how the Perfect Fifth progression creates all harmonic musical notes; and how the natural progression of the Perfect Fifth leads to the determination of the Egyptian musical measuring units. Chapter 7: The Musical Measuring Unit will cover how the Egyptian musical measuring units is the only measuring unit for all natural harmonic tones—east and west; its application to the twin-scale [authentic and plagal]; and its application to both the cyclic and divisive methods of instrument tuning. Part IV: The Egyptian Musical Composition Code consists of six chapters—8 through 13: Chapter 8: The Musical Framework Varieties will cover the overall tone system, an example of a scale based on the cyclic framework and another based on the divisive framework. Chapter 9: Modes and Musical Structural Forms will cover the musical ethos—moods and modes and the overall basic design characteristics of modes. Chapter 10: The Musical Lyrics will cover the Egyptian vocal musical themes; and the major parts of human's generating (vocal) sounds and its equivalent in the musical instruments. Chapter 11: The Seamless Language of/and Music will cover the intimate relationship between the Egyptian alphabetical language and the musical system; significance of musicality in Ancient Egyptian literature; utilization of letters as musical notes; the modulation of individual sound values; and the intimate relationships between music pulsation and the rhythmic flow of syllables stream. Chapter 12: The Musical Performance will cover the significance and roles of the fingers and their knuckles in producing and directing musical performances; as well as the varied methods for maintaining the rhythmic timing/tempo—including the use of syllables. Chapter 13: The Egyptian Tonal Writing System will cover the preeminence of Ancient Egyptian tonal writings; as well as the primary writing components of lyrical/musical texts. Part V: The Egyptian Musical Instruments consists of four chapters—14 through 17: Chapter 14: The Wealth of Instruments will cover the general characteristics of Egyptian instruments as well the major components of the musical orchestra Chapter 15: Stringed Instruments will cover various Ancient Egyptian stringed instruments such as lyres, tri-gonon (zither), Harps including playing techniques: Harps—Playing Techniques; The All-Encompassing Capacities of Ancient; string instruments with neck—such as short-neck Lute; the long-neck Egyptian guitars; and Bowed Instruments [Kamanga, Rababa]. Chapter 16: Wind Instruments will cover The end blown flute; transverse flute; pan flute; single reed pipe (clarinet); double Pipe; double clarinet; double oboe; arghool; others (bagpipe and organ); and horns/trumpets. Chapter 17: Percussion Instruments will cover the membrano-phone instruments such as drums and tambourines; and the non-membrano-phone (idiophone) instruments such as percussion sticks, clappers, sistrums/sistra, cymbals, castanets, bells (chimes), xylophone and glockenspiel and human parts (hands, fingers, thighs, feet, etc.). Part VI: Maintaining The Heavenly Rhythms consists of four chapters—18 through 21: Chapter 18: The Universal Harmony will cover the role of music in maintaining the universal balance; the significance of alternating performance theme of balanced polarity; and the Dor-ian musical suites. Chapter 19: Rhythmic Dancing will cover the significance of dancing as well as dancing types and formations. Chapter 20: The Harmonic Practices will cover the profession of musicians in Ancient (and present-day) Egypt; the temple musical activities; the applications of music in the various public activities. Chapter 21: The Harmonic Sound Man will cover the application of music in the various stages of human lives—from cradle to grave. Part VII: Postlude consists of one chapter—22: Chapter 22: And the Beat Goes On will cover the endurance of the Ancient Egyptian musical traditions into present times. Appendices A through E provide expansions on some topics that were discussed in the various chapters.
Book Synopsis Musical Instruments by : J. Kenneth Moore
Download or read book Musical Instruments written by J. Kenneth Moore and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful appreciation of musical instruments features more than one hundred extraordinary pieces from the Metropolitan Museum’s collection. Whether created to entertain a royal court, provide personal solace, or aid in rites and rituals, these instruments fully demonstrate music’s universal resonance and the ingenuity various cultures have deployed for musical expression. The results are astoundingly diverse: from Bronze Age cymbals and sistra to violins made by Stradivari, monumental slit drums from Oceania, and iconic twentieth-century American guitars. Stunning new photographs and a lively text reveal these objects to be works of both musical and visual art, as well as marvels of technology and masterpieces of design. Depictions of instruments and music making—paintings, statues, and pottery—further illuminate the narrative, providing a vivid counterpoint to these remarkable objects.
Book Synopsis The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System by : Mopustafa Gadalla
Download or read book The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System written by Mopustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the cosmic roots of Egyptian musical, vocal, and dancing rhythmic forms. Learn the fundamentals (theory and practice) of music in the typical Egyptian way: simple, coherent, and comprehensive. Review a detailed description of the major Egyptian musical instruments, playing techniques, functions, etc. Discover the Egyptian rhythmic practices in all aspects of their lives. This book will make your heart sing. This Expanded Version of the book: The Enduring Ancient Egyptian Musical System is divided into seven parts containing a total of 22 chapters. Part I: Prelude consists of one chapter: Chapter 1: The Egyptian Musical System will cover a quick background overview of the Egyptian musical system as evident in its archaeological findings. Part II: The Harmony of The Spheres consists of four chapters—2 through 5: Chapter 2: The Archetypal Cosmic Musical System will cover the basis and role of the harmony of the spheres in adopting the diatonic musical scale as the archetypal musical system. Chapter 3: Music All the Time (24 hours, 7 days) will cover and explain the correlations between the hours of the days of the week and their corresponding musical notes. Chapter 4: Energizing the Diatonic Week will cover the natural musical scale, its two energy Centers,and the Egyptian Dorian D-scale. Chapter 5: The Harmonic Three Components will cover the primary basics of the Egyptian harmonic canon, the three primary quantal vowels/sounds, and the triadic musical/linguistic core. Part III: The Musical Notes consists of two chapters—6 and 7: Chapter 6: The Derivatives of The Perfect Fifth will cover how the Perfect Fifth progression creates all harmonic musical notes; and how the natural progression of the Perfect Fifth leads to the determination of the Egyptian musical measuring units. Chapter 7: The Musical Measuring Unit will cover how the Egyptian musical measuring units is the only measuring unit for all natural harmonic tones—east and west; its application to the twin-scale [authentic and plagal]; and its application to both the cyclic and divisive methods of instrument tuning. Part IV: The Egyptian Musical Composition Code consists of six chapters—8 through 13: Chapter 8: The Musical Framework Varieties will cover the overall tone system, an example of a scale based on the cyclic framework and another based on the divisive framework. Chapter 9: Modes and Musical Structural Forms will cover the musical ethos—moods and modes and the overall basic design characteristics of modes. Chapter 10: The Musical Lyrics will cover the Egyptian vocal musical themes; and the major parts of human's generating (vocal) sounds and its equivalent in the musical instruments. Chapter 11: The Seamless Language of/and Music will cover the intimate relationship between the Egyptian alphabetical language and the musical system; significance of musicality in Ancient Egyptian literature; utilization of letters as musical notes; the modulation of individual sound values; and the intimate relationships between music pulsation and the rhythmic flow of syllables stream. Chapter 12: The Musical Performance will cover the significance and roles of the fingers and their knuckles in producing and directing musical performances; as well as the varied methods for maintaining the rhythmic timing/tempo—including the use of syllables. Chapter 13: The Egyptian Tonal Writing System will cover the preeminence of Ancient Egyptian tonal writings; as well as the primary writing components of lyrical/musical texts. Part V: The Egyptian Musical Instruments consists of four chapters—14 through 17: Chapter 14: The Wealth of Instruments will cover the general characteristics of Egyptian instruments as well the major components of the musical orchestra Chapter 15: Stringed Instruments will cover various Ancient Egyptian stringed instruments such as lyres, tri-gonon (zither), Harps including playing techniques: Harps—Playing Techniques; The All-Encompassing Capacities of Ancient; string instruments with neck—such as short-neck Lute; the long-neck Egyptian guitars; and Bowed Instruments [Kamanga, Rababa]. Chapter 16: Wind Instruments will cover The end blown flute; transverse flute; pan flute; single reed pipe (clarinet); double Pipe; double clarinet; double oboe; arghool; others (bagpipe and organ); and horns/trumpets. Chapter 17: Percussion Instruments will cover the membrano-phone instruments such as drums and tambourines; and the non-membrano-phone (idiophone) instruments such as percussion sticks, clappers, sistrums/sistra, cymbals, castanets, bells (chimes), xylophone and glockenspiel and human parts (hands, fingers, thighs, feet, etc.). Part VI: Maintaining The Heavenly Rhythms consists of four chapters—18 through 21: Chapter 18: The Universal Harmony will cover the role of music in maintaining the universal balance; the significance of alternating performance theme of balanced polarity; and the Dor-ian musical suites. Chapter 19: Rhythmic Dancing will cover the significance of dancing as well as dancing types and formations. Chapter 20: The Harmonic Practices will cover the profession of musicians in Ancient (and present-day) Egypt; the temple musical activities; the applications of music in the various public activities. Chapter 21: The Harmonic Sound Man will cover the application of music in the various stages of human lives—from cradle to grave. Part VII: Postlude consists of one chapter—22: Chapter 22: And the Beat Goes On will cover the endurance of the Ancient Egyptian musical traditions into present times. Appendices A through E provide expansions on some topics that were discussed in the various chapters.
Book Synopsis Ancient Egyptian Dances by : Irena Lexová
Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Dances written by Irena Lexová and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the few books in English on the topic investigates origins, nature, role of dance in ancient Egypt. 80 drawings and illustrations adapted from tomb paintings, other sources. New introduction. Bibliography.
Book Synopsis The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed,2nd edition by : Moustafa Gadalla
Download or read book The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed,2nd edition written by Moustafa Gadalla and published by Moustafa Gadalla. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals several aspects of the Ancient Egyptian culture, such as the very remote antiquities of Egypt; the Egyptian characteristics and religious beliefs and practices; their social/political system; their cosmic temples; the richness of their language; musical heritage and comprehensive sciences; their advanced medicine; their vibrant economy; excellent agricultural and manufactured products; their transportation system; and much more. This Expanded Edition of the book consists of four Parts with a total of 16 Chapters, as well as three Appendices. Part I : The Peoples of Egypt consists of four chapters 1 through 4, as follows: Chapter 1: The Beginning covers the age of the Egyptian antiquities being at least 39000 years, in accordance with archaeological, historical and physical evidence; the Age of Leo and the Sphinx; as well as the age of the Egyptian Sothic calendar which is by far the most accurate calendar ever. Chapter 2: The Egyptian Populous covers the roots and characteristics of the [Ancient]Egyptian people, their housings, their settlements throughout the world; and the roles of foreigners in the history of Ancient Egypt. Chapter 3: The Most Religious covers Egyptian cosmology; monotheism and polytheism; animal symbolism ,creation of the universe, the concept of Maat; and the spread of the Ancient Egyptian religion throughout the world under new "names". Chapter 4: The Social/Political Order covers the basis and applications of the matrilineal/matriarchal principles; the matrilocal communities; the Egyptian grassroots republic system; the dual overseeing/administration governing system; and the documentation order of all matters in the Egyptian society Part II : The Cosmic Correlations consists of three chapters 5 through 7, as follows: Chapter 5: As Above, So Below covers the principles and applications of cosmic consciousness in the life of the Egyptians; and the cyclical renewal festivals as a form of such principles Chapter 6: The Pharaoh, The Cosmic Link covers the true rule of the Egyptian pharaoh as a Master Servant; how did the people rule; and much more. Chapter 7: Egyptian Temples provides a quick overview of the real function/objective of the Egyptian temple; the harmonic design parameters; and much more. Part III : The Learned Egyptian consists of five chapters 8 through 12, as follows: Chapter 8: The Divine Language provides a quick overview of the modes of writing in Ancient Egypt -- the alphabetical form of writing and the imagery pictorial metaphysical symbols/script ; as well as the cultured aspects of the Egyptian alphabetical language Chapter 9: The Egyptian Musical Heritage provides a quick overview of its musical heritage; the musical orchestras; the wide range of musical instruments; as well as dancing and ballet in Ancient Egypt. Chapter 10; Health and Medicine provides a quick overview about the international highest regards for Egyptian medicine; its medical profession; contents of the some Egyptian medical papyri regarding diagnosis, cures and treatments of various ailments, surgeries; and the wide range of prescriptions Chapter 11: Astronomy covers the astonishing accurate astronomical knowledge and practices such as astronomical observations and recordings, the zodiac cycle,etc Chapter 12: Geometry and Mathematics covers a quick overview of the subjects of sacred geometry and natural science, geodesy, mathematics & numerology; as well as their knowledge and applications of the sacred “ratios” of Pi and Phi. Part IV : The Vibrant Economy consists of four chapters 13 through 16, as follows: Chapter 13: The Cultivating Culture covers the outstanding application of dry-weather farming techniques; societal division of labor; and the farming community Chapter 14; The Manufacturing Industries covers The Egyptian knowledge of metallurgy & metalworking; their golden silver (electrum) products; their copper and bronze products; their glazing (glass and glazing) products; their iron products; their mining activities; miscellaneous products such as woodwork; fabrics; pottery; leather; paper; as well as some miscellaneous technological applications Chapter 15: Transportation Infrastructure covers a quick overview of the various high quality types of the Egyptian ships; major Egyptian coastal harbors; land transportation; as well as patrons and shrines of travel Chapter 16: The Market Economy covers the workings of the Egyptian market economy; business transactions; Egyptian exports (goods and services); Egyptian imports; as well as the rise and fall of international commerce, that was tied to Ancient Egypt as the economical engine of the ancient world. The contents of the three appendices are evident from their titles; being: Appendix A: Photographs -- The Rising Valley Appendix B: Photographs -- The Age of Leo and The Sphinx Appendix C: Photographs -- Astronomy