Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Analysis Of Liquid Natural Gas As A Truck Fuel
Download Analysis Of Liquid Natural Gas As A Truck Fuel full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Analysis Of Liquid Natural Gas As A Truck Fuel ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Analysis of Liquid Natural Gas as a Truck Fuel by :
Download or read book Analysis of Liquid Natural Gas as a Truck Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the potential for growth in use of liquid natural gas (LNG) fueled trucks. . A system dynamics model was constructed for the analysis and a variety of scenarios were investigated. The analysis considers the economics of LNG fuel in the context of the trucking industry to identify barriers to the increased use of LNG trucks and potential interventions or leverage points which may overcome these barriers. The study showed that today, LNG use in trucks is not yet economically viable. A large change in the savings from fuel cost or capital cost is needed for the technology to take off. Fleet owners have no way now to benefit from the environmental benefits of LNG fuel nor do they benefit from the clean burning nature of the fuel. Changes in the fuel cost differential between diesel and LNG are not a research issue. However, quantifying the improvements in reliability and wear from the use of clean fuel could support increased maintenance and warranty periods. Many people involved in the use of LNG for trucks believe that LNG has the potential to occupy a niche within the larger diesel truck business. But if LNG in trucks can become economic, the spread of fuel stations and technology improvements could lead to LNG trucks becoming the dominant technology. An assumption in our simulation work is that LNG trucks will be purchased when economically attractive. None of the simulation results show LNG becoming economic but then only to the level of a niche market.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Liquid Natural Gas as a Truck Fuel -- a System Dynamics Approach by : M. A. Bray
Download or read book Analysis of Liquid Natural Gas as a Truck Fuel -- a System Dynamics Approach written by M. A. Bray and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feasibility Study of Liquified Natural Gas Fuelling for Heavy Duty Vehicles by : Sypher:Mueller International
Download or read book Feasibility Study of Liquified Natural Gas Fuelling for Heavy Duty Vehicles written by Sypher:Mueller International and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Green Paper by : European Commission
Download or read book Green Paper written by European Commission and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open discussion invited by the European Commission on energy supply and security.
Book Synopsis Liquefied Natural Gas for Fleet Vehicles by :
Download or read book Liquefied Natural Gas for Fleet Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis White Paper by : European Commission
Download or read book White Paper written by European Commission and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Shifting the balance between modes of transport - 2. Eliminating bottlenecks - 3. Placing users at the heart of transport policy - 4. Managing the globalization of transport - 5. Time to decide.
Book Synopsis Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas as an Automotive Fuel by : Ralph David Fleming
Download or read book Natural Gas as an Automotive Fuel written by Ralph David Fleming and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Congressional Research Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781505203714 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (37 download)
Book Synopsis Natural Gas for Cars and Trucks by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Natural Gas for Cars and Trucks written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in domestic supplies of natural gas has raised new interest in expanding its use in the transportation sector. This report considers issues related to wider use of natural gas as a fuel in passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The attractiveness of natural gas as a vehicle fuel is premised in large part on its low price (on an energy-equivalent basis) compared to gasoline and diesel fuel. When prices for gasoline and diesel are relatively low or natural gas prices are relatively high, natural-gas-based fuels lose much of their price advantage. While natural gas has other benefits-such as producing lower emissions than gasoline and diesel and protecting users of transportation fuels from the volatility of the international oil market-it is largely the cost advantage, if any, that will determine the future attractiveness of natural gas vehicles. There are a number of technology pathways that could lead to greater use of natural gas in transportation. Some require pressurized systems to use natural gas in a gaseous state, and others convert natural gas to a liquid. Two of the most widely discussed options use compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Other technological approaches use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, and hydrogen. In addition, natural gas can be used to generate electricity to power electric vehicles. Increasing the use of natural gas to fuel vehicles would require creation of an extensive nationwide refueling infrastructure. Although a small number of CNG vehicles have been on U.S. roads for more than 20 years, CNG use has been limited to vehicles that return to a central garage for refueling each day, such as refuse trucks, short-haul trucks, and city buses. LNG, on the other hand, requires large insulated tanks to keep the liquefied gas at a very low temperature and is therefore seen as more suitable for long-haul trucks. In both cases, the limited availability of refueling stations has limited the distances and routes these vehicles may travel. Congress has taken a strong interest in spurring production and use of natural gas vehicles. Legislation has been introduced on a wide range of proposals that would equalize the tax treatment of LNG and diesel fuels, provide tax credits for natural gas vehicles and refueling equipment, require the production of vehicles that could run on several different fuels (such as gasoline and CNG), increase federal research and development on natural gas vehicle tank and fuel line technologies, and revise vehicle emission regulations to encourage manufacturers to produce more CNG passenger cars. Legislation pending in the 113th Congress includes proposals that would extend expired tax credits for refueling property and fuel cell vehicles (S. 2260), authorize the use of energy savings performance contracts to support the use of natural gas and electric vehicles (S. 761), and require the U.S. Postal Service to study the feasibility of using natural gas and propane in long-haul trucks (S. 1486).
Book Synopsis A Full Fuel-cycle Analysis of Energy and Emissions Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas by :
Download or read book A Full Fuel-cycle Analysis of Energy and Emissions Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its abundance and because it offers significant energy and evironmental advantages, natural gas has been promoted for use in motor vehicles. A number of transportation fuels are produced from natural gas; each is distinct in terms of upstream production activities and vehicle usage. In this study, the authors avaluate eight fuels produced from natural gas - compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, hydrogen, dimethyl ether, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and electricity--for use in five types of motor vehicles--spark-ignition vehicles, compression-ignition vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, battery-powered electric vehicles, and fuel-cell vehicles. Because of great uncertainties associated with advances both in fuel production and vehicle technologies, they evaluate near-term and long-term fuels and vehicle technologies separately. Furthermore, for long-term options, they establish both an incremental technology scenario and a leap-forward technology scenario to address potential technology improvements. The study reveals that, in general, the use of natural gas-based fuels reduces energy use and emissions relative to use of petroleum-based gasoline and diesel fuel, although different natural gas-based fuels in different vehicle technologies can have significantly different energy and emissions impacts.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Used by Transit Agencies in Texas by : Naomi W. Ledé
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Used by Transit Agencies in Texas written by Naomi W. Ledé and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a detailed comparative analysis of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The study provides data on two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas. First, the state-of-the-art in alternative fuels is examined to establish a framework for the study. Efforts were made to examine selected characteristics of two types of NG demonstrations in terms of the following properties: energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, operations, maintenance, reliability, safety costs, and fuel availability. Where feasible, two alternative fuels were compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Environmental considerations relative to fuel distribution and use are analyzed, with a focus on examining flammability and other safety-related issues. The objectives of the study included assessing the state-of-the-art and document-relevant findings pertaining to alternative fuels, analyzing and synthesizing existing databases on two NG alternatives (LNG and CNG), comparing two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas, and addressing selected aspects of alternative fuels such as energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, safety, costs, maintenance and operations, and environmental issues. A profile of two alternative fuels used by Texas transit agencies is presented. The comparisons made about properties of LNG and CNG provide a context within which an assessment of other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and electric vehicles can be made. The findings of the study will contribute to existing evidence on alternative fuels. Data included in the study will be useful to transportation industry officials in the public and private sector. Comparative data on alternative fuels will contribute to a greater understanding of their use and enhance policy decisions about alternative fuels.
Book Synopsis Fuels to Drive Our Future by : National Research Council
Download or read book Fuels to Drive Our Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about U.S. dependence on foreign oil, falling domestic oil production, and the environment. This book explores the potential for producing liquid transportation fuels by enhanced oil recovery from existing reservoirs, and processing resources such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, natural gas, and other promising approaches. Fuels to Drive Our Future draws together relevant geological, technical, economic, and environmental factors and recommends specific directions for U.S. research and development efforts on alternative fuel sources. Of special interest is the book's benchmark cost analysis comparing several major alternative fuel production processes. This volume will be of special interest to executives and engineers in the automotive and fuel industries, policymakers, environmental and alternative fuel specialists, energy economists, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Global Prospects and Impacts of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles in Computable General Equilibrium by : Arthur Hong Chun Yip
Download or read book Modelling the Global Prospects and Impacts of Heavy Duty Liquefied Natural Gas Vehicles in Computable General Equilibrium written by Arthur Hong Chun Yip and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas vehicles have the prospects of making substantial contributions to transportation needs. The adoption of natural gas vehicles could lead to impacts on energy and environmental systems. An analysis of the main factors and trends that affect adoption of natural gas vehicles such as vehicle costs, infrastructure costs, and fuel economics was performed. The fuel cost analysis showed that assuming production and distribution at scale, liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be competitive as a diesel fuel substitute for heavy duty vehicles in the US, and also in EU and China. A methodology of incorporating heavy duty natural gas vehicles into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) economic modelling was developed to investigate the potential adoption and impacts. Modelling variables such as vehicle and infrastructure costs were tested and several scenarios were applied to examine the general equilibrium impacts on natural gas vehicle adoption and the general equilibrium impacts of resulting natural gas vehicle adoption. Climate policy scenarios were also developed and tested. In the base case scenario, results showed significant adoption of LNG trucks (Class 8) in the US, with 10% penetration of heavy duty trucks by 2020 and up to 100% by 2040. In China and the EU, adoption was projected to be slower due to higher natural gas prices. In the US, introduction of LNG trucks resulted in moderately higher natural gas prices, slightly lower oil prices, and a small reduction in total GHG emissions, relative to scenarios without LNG truck availability. The development of natural gas fuelled transportation is still in its infancy and CGE modelling offers a tool that can be applied to test a wide range of assumptions of cost development and relative prices.
Book Synopsis Liquefied Products from Natural Gas by : Irving Cowan Allen
Download or read book Liquefied Products from Natural Gas written by Irving Cowan Allen and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014-18 by : Brian Songhurst
Download or read book LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014-18 written by Brian Songhurst and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :88 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Vehicles by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
Download or read book Natural Gas Vehicles written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
