Analysis of fiber attrition and fiber-matrix separation during injection molding of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of fiber attrition and fiber-matrix separation during injection molding of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts by : Sara Simon

Download or read book Analysis of fiber attrition and fiber-matrix separation during injection molding of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic parts written by Sara Simon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Erhaltung der ursprünglichen Faserlänge bei der Verarbeitung von glasfaserverstärkten Thermoplasten ist von großem Interesse, da die Endfaserlänge die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Fertigteils bestimmt. Faserbruch im Zuge der Verarbeitung ist unvermeidlich und eine große Herausforderung, da er schwierig zu kontrollieren ist und die zugrunde liegende Physik nach wie vor noch nicht vollständig erforscht ist und verstanden wird. Um ein besseres Verständnis zu bekommen wurde die Faserschädigung von langglasfaserverstärktem Polypropylen in einer Couette Strömung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das verwendete Couette Rheometer ein geeignetes Gerät ist um die Auswirkungen von unterschiedlichen Prozessbedingungen auf den Faserbruch zu eruieren, zu isolieren und diese des Weiteren auch zu quantifizieren. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sowohl die Temperatur, als auch die Faserkonzentration, die Schergeschwindigkeit und die Verweilzeit einen großen Einfluss auf die Faserschädigung haben, die sich in einem Faserbruch von bis zu 90 % widerspiegelt. Die Faserbruchstudie wurde erweitert indem die Faserlängenverteilung entlang der Strömungsrichtung von Spritzgussteilen analysiert wurde. Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Untersuchung der Faser-Polymer-Trennung in Spritzgussteilen, da auch dieses Phänomen beträchtlich zu einem heterogenen Eigenschaftsprofil in den Fertigteilen beiträgt. Zur Evaluierung dieser Faser-Matrix Separation wurden Computertomographie Scans angefertigt, die in Folge mit digitale Bildverarbeitung ausgewertet wurden. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Faser Agglomeration in der Kernschicht des Formteils, in welcher eine Erhöhung der Faserkonzentration von bis zu 40 % festgestellt werden konnte. Die experimentellen Daten aus den Couette Rheometer Experimenten wurden in weiterer Folge zur Validierung und Bewertung von verfügbaren Tools zur Vorhersage der Faserschädigung (Faserbruch Simulation) verwendet. Ein spezielles Augenmerk wurde auf das Phelps Kontinuum Modell gelegt, welches implementiert und in weiterer Folge für die Couette Rheometer Versuche angewandt wurde. Des Weiteren wurden die empirischen Modellparameter aus dem Phelps Modell als Eingangsvariablen für eine Moldex3D Simulation verwendet, um den Faserbruch in einem spritzgegossenem Fertigteil zu bestimmen. Das Phelps Modell wurde erfolgreich umgesetzt, jedoch war es mit den erhaltenen Ergebnissen nicht möglich die Materialabhängigkeit der empirischen Modellparameter zu bestätigen. Die Ergebnisse aus den Modex3D Simulationen zeigen, dass die Phelps Modell Parameter nicht verwendet werden können um den Faserbruch in Spritzgusssimulationen vorherzusagen, da die Parameter nicht übertragbar sind - auch nicht zwischen dem gleichen Material. Da Single Particle Modelle in Prozesssimulationen an Beliebtheit gewinnen, wurde ein kürzlich veröffentlichtes Single Particle Modell auf seine Vorhersagekraft für Faserbruch getestet. Es war möglich, das Modell in einem ersten Schritt qualitativ zu validieren. Jedoch sind zusätzliche Simulationen notwendig, um die Gültigkeit des Modells für ein breiteres Spektrum von Daten zu bestätigen.*****Preserving the initial fiber length of glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics during processing is from major interest since the residual fiber length determines the mechanical properties of the finished part. Fiber length attrition during processing is still an inevitable and substantial challenge, because it is difficult to control and the underlying physics are not completely understood. In order to gain a better understanding in the phenomena of fiber breakage, the fiber degradation of long glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene in a Couette flow was studied. The results of this work show that the Couette rheometer is an important device to isolate and quantify the impact of processing conditions on the fiber breakage for long glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Temperature, residence time, fiber concentration and processing speed all have a major impact on fiber attrition with breakage rates of up to 90 %.The study was expanded to injection molded parts and the fiber length distribution along the flow path was analyzed. An additional study of injection molded parts focused on the phenomena of fiber-matrix separation since it also causes highly heterogeneous properties within the finished part. This analysis was conducted using micro computed-tomography scans and digital image processing. The results clearly show a substantial fiber agglomeration in the core layer of the molded part of up to 40 % increase from the nominal value.Lastly, the experimental data obtained in this work was used to evaluate available predictive tools for fiber breakage simulation. A comprehensive study focused on the Phelps continuum model, which was implemented and applied for the Couette rheometer experiments. Additionally, the empirical model parameters from the Phelps model were used as an input for a Moldex3D simulation to determine the fiber breakage in an injection molded plaque. The Phelps model was successfully implemented. However, the results were not able to prove the material dependency of the empirical model parameters. The results from the Moldex3D simulations display that the Phelps model parameter cannot be used to accurately predict the fiber breakage in injection molding simulations since the model parameters seem to be not transferable even for the same material. As single particle models become more popular in process simulation, a recently published single particle model was tested for its ability to predict fiber breakage. It was possible to validate the single particle model in a first step, but to confirm the model ́s validity for a broader set of data additional simulations are necessary.

Characterization of the Process-induced Fiber Configuration of Long Glass Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Process-induced Fiber Configuration of Long Glass Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastics by : Sebastian Goris

Download or read book Characterization of the Process-induced Fiber Configuration of Long Glass Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastics written by Sebastian Goris and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics have favorable mechanical properties, low manufacturing costs and superior lightweight characteristics. However, the configuration of the reinforcing fibers changes significantly throughout the entire production process, reflected in mechanisms such as fiber attrition, fiber alignment, and fiber matrix separation. The complexity of the process-microstructure-property relationship limits the use of this material class in a wider range of lightweight applications. This work presents a contribution to gain a better understanding of the underlying physics of fiber motion during molding and to obtain a theoretical link between processing and the fiber microstructure. As part of this work, novel characterization techniques were developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional measurement approaches. The measurement concepts comprise methodologies to characterize the fiber orientation, fiber concentration and fiber length by applying sophisticated techniques, which include combining image processing with micro computed-tomography and optical measurement systems. Applying the developed measurement techniques, a range of experimental studies were conducted to investigate the process-induced fiber microstructure. Plate geometries were injection molded at varying nominal fiber concentrations to investigate fiber matrix separation, fiber alignment, and fiber breakage. The experiments revealed substantial variation in the fiber configuration and correlation between the microstructural properties. The substantial fiber matrix separation and fiber breakage found in this work refute the common assumption of uniform fiber concentration and fiber length in molded parts. Additionally, a new experimental setup based on a Couette rheometer was developed to study fiber length reduction under highly controlled conditions, which isolated the impact of processing conditions on fiber attrition. Finally, the generated experimental data are applied to evaluate models predicting the process-microstructure relationship. All models fail to provide acceptable results and the application of these models as truly predictive tools is limited. It was shown that a holistic approach is necessary to capture the process-induced change in fiber configuration, which necessarily includes the interdependencies of the microstructural properties.

Flow-Induced Alignment in Composite Materials

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Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128185759
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Flow-Induced Alignment in Composite Materials by : T.D. Papathanasiou

Download or read book Flow-Induced Alignment in Composite Materials written by T.D. Papathanasiou and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of aligning short fibers in a fiber-reinforced material is to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composite. Aligning the fibers, generally in a preferred direction, allows them to contribute as much as possible to reinforcing the material. The first edition of this book detailed, in a single volume, the science, processing, applications, characterization and properties of composite materials reinforced with short fibers that have been orientated in a preferred direction by flows arising during processing. The technology of fiber-reinforced composites is continually evolving and this new edition provides timely and much needed information about this important class of engineering materials. Each of the original chapters have been brought fully up-to-date and new developments such as: the advent of nano-composites and the issues relating to their alignment; the wider use of long-fiber composites and the appearance of models able to capture their orientation during flow; the wider use of flows in micro-channels in the context of composites fabrication; and the increase in computing power, which has made relevant simulations (especially coupling flow kinematics to fiber content and orientation) much easier to perform are all covered in detail. The book will be an essential up-to-date reference resource for materials scientists, students, and engineers who are working in the relevant areas of particulate composites, short fiber-reinforced composites or nanocomposites. - Presents recent progress on flow-induced alignment, modelling and design of fiber and particulate filled polymer composites - Discusses important advances such as alignment of CNTs in polymer nanocomposites and molecular alignment of polymers induced by the injection molding process in the presence of fillers such as short fibers - Presents fiber interaction/diffusion modelling and also the fiber flexure/breakage models

Discontinuous Fiber Composites

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038974919
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Discontinuous Fiber Composites by : Tim A. Osswald

Download or read book Discontinuous Fiber Composites written by Tim A. Osswald and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Discontinuous Fiber Composites" that was published in J. Compos. Sci.

SPE/ANTEC 1997 Proceedings

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566765534
Total Pages : 1504 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (655 download)

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Book Synopsis SPE/ANTEC 1997 Proceedings by : Spe

Download or read book SPE/ANTEC 1997 Proceedings written by Spe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-04-22 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Study of Fiber Motion in Molding Processes by Means of a Mechanistic Model

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of Fiber Motion in Molding Processes by Means of a Mechanistic Model by :

Download or read book Study of Fiber Motion in Molding Processes by Means of a Mechanistic Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mechanistic model was implemented in order to simulate the fiber motion in molding processes. In this model, each fiber is represented by a chain of segments interconnected by articulations. A balance of forces and torques is considered in order to determine the velocity and position of each of these segments during the simulation. This balance includes hydrodynamic effects (drag forces and torques), fiber-fiber contact forces, and bending moments. The model was able to reproduce analytic results such as the Jeffrey orbits for a single fiber in a shear flow. Also, it was compared with experimental results for SMC (sheet molding compound process) and for a simple shear flow. In the case of the SMC, the model was able to reproduce the fiber orientation accurately and the phenomenon of fiber matrix-separation was captured by the simulations. For the case of a shear flow, the fiber orientation was over-predicted by the mechanistic model. The motion of fibers in the fountain flow region and the flow through the gate of a mold were also considered. In contrast with the research done by other authors, who have developed similar mechanistic models to study flows with simple kinematics (for instance simple shear) to predict bulk properties such as the viscosity of the compound, the work presented in this dissertation deals with complex flows and uses mechanistic models to study the phenomenon of fiber attrition and fiber matrix separation.

Analysis for Design of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Vessels

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351466763
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis for Design of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Vessels by : Suong V. Hoa

Download or read book Analysis for Design of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Vessels written by Suong V. Hoa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1991. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis.

Engineered Materials Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineered Materials Abstracts by :

Download or read book Engineered Materials Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermomechanical Mean-Field Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Long Fiber-Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound Composites

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Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3731509245
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermomechanical Mean-Field Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Long Fiber-Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound Composites by : Kehrer, Maria Loredana

Download or read book Thermomechanical Mean-Field Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Long Fiber-Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound Composites written by Kehrer, Maria Loredana and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discontinuous fiber-reinforced thermoset material produced by the Sheet Molding Compound process is investigated. Due to the process-related fiber orientation distribution, a composite with an anisotropic microstructure is created which crucially affects the mechanical properties. The central objectives are the modeling of the thermoelastic behavior of the composite accounting for the underlying microstructure, and the experimental characterization of the pure resin and the composite material.

Polypropylene Handbook

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030129039
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Polypropylene Handbook by : József Karger-Kocsis

Download or read book Polypropylene Handbook written by József Karger-Kocsis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively reviews Polypropylene (PP), the second most widely produced thermoplastic material, having been produced for over 60 years. Its synthesis, processing and application are still accompanied by vigorous R&D developments because the properties of PP are at the borderline between those of commodity and engineering thermoplastics. Readers are introduced to various tacticities and polymorphs of PP, and their effects on structural properties. Further, the book addresses the control of optical properties using nucleants, provides strategies for overcoming the limited cold/impact resistance of PP, examines in detail the effects of recycling, and presents guidelines for the property modification of PPs through foaming, filling and reinforcing with respect to target applications. Special attention is paid to descriptions and models of properties as a function of morphological variables. Last but not least, the book suggests potential practical applications of PP-based systems, especially in the packaging, appliances, building/construction, textile and automotive sectors. Each chapter, written by internationally respected scientists, reflects the current state-of-art in the respective field and offers a vital source of information for students, researchers and engineers interested in the morphology, properties, testing and modeling of PP and PP-based systems. The content is indispensable to the appropriate application of PPs and related composites.

Fiber-dependent injection molding simulation of discontinuous reinforced polymers

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Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3731512173
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiber-dependent injection molding simulation of discontinuous reinforced polymers by : Wittemann, Florian

Download or read book Fiber-dependent injection molding simulation of discontinuous reinforced polymers written by Wittemann, Florian and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-18 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents novel simulation techniques for injection molding of fiber reinforced polymers. These include approaches for anisotropic flow modeling, hydrodynamic forces from fluid on fibers, contact forces between fibers, a novel fiber breakage modeling approach and anisotropic warpage analysis. Due to the coupling of fiber breakage and anisotropic flow modeling, the fiber breakage directly influences the modeled cavity pressure, which is validated with experimental data.

International Polymer Processing

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis International Polymer Processing by :

Download or read book International Polymer Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0080950450
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage by : Jerry Fischer

Download or read book Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage written by Jerry Fischer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook explains in plain terms why moldings shrink and warp, shows how additives and reinforcements change the picture, sets out the effect of molding process conditions, and tells why you never can have a single ""correct"" shrinkage value. But that's not all. The handbook shows how to alleviate the problem by careful design of the molded part and the mold and by proper material selection. It also examines computer-aided methods of forecasting shrinkage and warpage. And most important of all, the handbook gives you the data you need to work with. This is the most complete collection of shrinkage data ever made and includes an extensive compilation of hard-to-find multi-point information on how processing, part design, mold design, material and post mold treatment affect the part's final dimensions. Manufacturers' figures for thousands of grades, along with an exhaustive search of magazines, journals, conference papers, books, web sites and brochures combine to make this a powerful resource. A lot depends on a dimensionally correct molding. Quality, speed to market, profit margins for the molder and toolmaker, the efficiency of secondary and assembly operations, reputation; all these are on the line. The Mold Shrinkage and Warpage Handbook is the book for people who have to live with shrinkage and warpage. It is the only book for people who have to commit themselves.

Development and Evaluation of 3-D Optical Sectioning for the Investigation of Fiber Orientation Distributions in Injection-molded Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of 3-D Optical Sectioning for the Investigation of Fiber Orientation Distributions in Injection-molded Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics by : Bin Lian

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of 3-D Optical Sectioning for the Investigation of Fiber Orientation Distributions in Injection-molded Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics written by Bin Lian and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Injection Molding of Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics for New Product Development and Proof of Concept

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis Injection Molding of Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics for New Product Development and Proof of Concept by : Christopher J. Beard

Download or read book Injection Molding of Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics for New Product Development and Proof of Concept written by Christopher J. Beard and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

SPE/ANTEC 1996 Proceedings (Print version/ 3 volumes)

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781566764438
Total Pages : 1400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (644 download)

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Book Synopsis SPE/ANTEC 1996 Proceedings (Print version/ 3 volumes) by : Spe

Download or read book SPE/ANTEC 1996 Proceedings (Print version/ 3 volumes) written by Spe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-02 with total page 1400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Natural Fiber Orientation in Polymer Composites Produced by Injection Molding Process

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Natural Fiber Orientation in Polymer Composites Produced by Injection Molding Process by : Rajasekaran Karthikeyan

Download or read book Analysis of Natural Fiber Orientation in Polymer Composites Produced by Injection Molding Process written by Rajasekaran Karthikeyan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short fiber reinforced polymer composites (SFRPC) produced by injection molding process have established a commercial utilization in all sectors due to low cost and lower weight of the components. The polymers are reinforced with natural fibers to improve their performance. The orientation of short natural fibers in the polymer composite influences the mechanical performance. This research thus focused on the prediction of natural fiber orientation using a theoretical model and then studied the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. The theoretical model was derived by incorporating the shape factor of natural fibers into the angular velocity of the fluid element in order to predict the orientation during the injection molding process. The ANSYS- FLUENT software was used to find the velocity distribution in the fluid domain, from which the angular velocity of the fluid element and the orientation angle were found numerically. This numerical orientation result was then compared to the experimental data. The orientation angle of rigid particles rotating at a fixed distance from the inlet gate was measured by an experimental method where a transparent cavity was filled through an injection molding process An experimental setup was developed to study the orientation behavior of short natural fibers in the flowing viscous fluid. Two experimental case studies were conducted to validate the orientation angles of natural fibers using the derived equation. The case study was performed in two molds with one of varying section, and another wide area section and the experimental orientation angles were compared with the numerical predictions. The numerical results of the flow front and velocity distribution obtained from simulation software were compared with digitized images of the flow front from the experimental method. The natural fibers have improved the strength and modulus of the composites. The composite specimens were produced for different compositions of sisal fiber using compression-molding process and the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. An increase in tensile strength, tear strength, and improved hardness was observed in sisal fiber composites. The morphological study using X-ray tomography and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown the defects, and the fiber orientation. Short fiber reinforced polymer composites (SFRPC) produced by injection molding process have established a commercial utilization in all sectors due to low cost and lower weight of the components. The polymers are reinforced with natural fibers to improve their performance. The orientation of short natural fibers in the polymer composite influences the mechanical performance. This research thus focused on the prediction of natural fiber orientation using a theoretical model and then studied the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. The theoretical model was derived by incorporating the shape factor of natural fibers into the angular velocity of the fluid element in order to predict the orientation during the injection molding process. The ANSYS- FLUENT software was used to find the velocity distribution in the fluid domain, from which the angular velocity of the fluid element and the orientation angle were found numerically. This numerical orientation result was then compared to the experimental data. The orientation angle of rigid particles rotating at a fixed distance from the inlet gate was measured by an experimental method where a transparent cavity was filled through an injection molding process An experimental setup was developed to study the orientation behavior of short natural fibers in the flowing viscous fluid. Two experimental case studies were conducted to validate the orientation angles of natural fibers using the derived equation. The case study was performed in two molds with one of varying section, and another wide area section and the experimental orientation angles were compared with the numerical predictions. The numerical results of the flow front and velocity distribution obtained from simulation software were compared with digitized images of the flow front from the experimental method. The natural fibers have improved the strength and modulus of the composites. The composite specimens were produced for different compositions of sisal fiber using compression-molding process and the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. An increase in tensile strength, tear strength, and improved hardness was observed in sisal fiber composites. The morphological study using X-ray tomography and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown the defects, and the fiber orientation.