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Analysis Of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products by : Karolin K. Kroening
Download or read book Analysis of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products written by Karolin K. Kroening and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes nerve agents and vesicants, their decomposition and their degradation products' chemistry as well as their toxicity including a list of detection techniques of nerve agents and their degradation products. This book will present their history, toxicity, comparison between different sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and detection methods all together in a short, easy to read book, tied together by a single group doing the writing and the editing to assure smooth transition from chapter to chapter, with sufficient Tables and literature references for the reader who looks to further detail.The text will illustrate the pluses and minuses of the various techniques with sufficient references for the reader to obtain extensive detail.
Book Synopsis Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons by : M. Heyl
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons written by M. Heyl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major problems associated with the disposal of chemical weapons is that the agents have degraded over time, some quite seriously. Detecting and identifying the products of this decomposition are necessary prerequisites to the safe, complete and environmentally benign destruction of stockpiled weapons. The book presents and discusses both basic and novel techniques in a variety of areas of analytical chemistry which are relevant to achieving the ultimate destruction of chemical weapons. Presentations address sample collection and preparation, mass spectrometry, chromatographic techniques, NMR, and air monitoring techniques. The work shows that analytical methods do exist to effectively support the destruction of chemical munitions. While further research is needed, the book provides an excellent baseline for further advances in the field.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents: General Overview, LC-MS Review, In-House LC-ESI-MS Methods and Open Literature Bibliography by :
Download or read book Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents: General Overview, LC-MS Review, In-House LC-ESI-MS Methods and Open Literature Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention by more than 165 States Parties has reduced the risk of chemical warfare agent use, but there still remains a concern that other parties may make use of these weapons against civilian or military targets. Concerns within the defense and homeland security communities over possible terrorist use as well as the requirements for a verifiable Chemical Weapons Convention have driven the development of analytical methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the detection and identification of chemical warfare agents. This paper provides a general overview of chemical warfare agents and analytical methods for their analysis, a focused review of LC-MS applications, a summary of in-house LC-MS methods developed at DRDC Suffield, and a comprehensive bibliography of analytical open literature papers dealing with chemical warfare agent detection and identification. The review sections provide the homeland security and defense communities with an overview of chemical warfare agents and analytical methods for their determination. Researchers interested in developing new methods for chemical warfare agents may use the reviewed material to quickly ascertain the state of development of analytical methods, in particular LC-MS methods, for chemical warfare agents. The reviewed materials will be used for reference purposes during the development of high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) mass spectrometry, a new analytical technique with the potential to rapidly separate and identify chemical warfare agents. The report concludes with 67 references. Appendix A is a 454-item bibliography of open literature analytical methods for the detection and identification of chemical warfare agents, their degradation products, and related compounds. Paper copies of each paper are held at DRDC Suffield and this comprehensive database of methods continues to be updated regularly using Procite software.
Book Synopsis Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis by : Markku Mesilaakso
Download or read book Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis written by Markku Mesilaakso and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the procedures for collection of samples, sample preparation, and analysis of CWC-related chemicals. It deals with analytical procedures that can be followed in well-equipped off-site laboratories (designated laboratories), as well as the on-site analytical procedures that the OPCW inspectors use in sample collection and preliminary analysis of the samples in field conditions. A one-of-a-kind, highly topical handbook for every expert in the chemical weapons field Outlines the methods for analysing chemical weapons both on and off site Authored by international experts in the field from top laboratories in both government and academic institutions
Book Synopsis Analysis of Aqueous Field Samples for Mustard Degradation Products: A Joint CA/US TTCP E-AG-42 Analytical Exercise by : Paul D'Agostino
Download or read book Analysis of Aqueous Field Samples for Mustard Degradation Products: A Joint CA/US TTCP E-AG-42 Analytical Exercise written by Paul D'Agostino and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CA and US participated in a joint TTCP E-AG-42 analytical exercise involving the analysis of aqueous field samples for the presence of mustard degradation products. The laboratories reported consistent results that clearly indicated the prior presence of mustard in a destruction site more than twenty years after the fact. Both laboratories used mass spectrometry for confirmation of the hydrolysis product of mustard, thiodiglycol. The US confirmed thiodiglycol as its bis(TMS) derivative during GC-MS and CA as the intact compound during GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS analysis. In addition both laboratories reported the presence of 1,4-thioxane and 1,4-dithiane, two compounds commonly associated with the degradation of mustard. CA also detected 6-oxa-3,9-dithia-1,11-undecanediol, the hydrolysis product of the longer chain sulfur vesicant, bis(2-CHLOROETHYLTHIO)ETHYL ether (T) during LC-ESI-MS analysis.
Book Synopsis Identification of Precursors of Warfare Agents, Degradation Products of Non-phosphorus Agents, and Some Potential Agents by :
Download or read book Identification of Precursors of Warfare Agents, Degradation Products of Non-phosphorus Agents, and Some Potential Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical and Biological Terrorism by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Application of Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry to the Analysis of Chemical Warfare Samples, Found to Contain Residues of the Nerve Agent Sarin, Sulphur Mustard and Their Degradation Products by : Robin M. Black
Download or read book Application of Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry to the Analysis of Chemical Warfare Samples, Found to Contain Residues of the Nerve Agent Sarin, Sulphur Mustard and Their Degradation Products written by Robin M. Black and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Transformation Products by : Elizabeth Burrows
Download or read book Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Transformation Products written by Elizabeth Burrows and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a comprehensive review of current analytical methods and instrumentation for the detection and quantitative estimation of the principal chemical agents bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide (mustard, HD), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and VX, as well as their numerous transformation products. The focus is on isolation of the target compounds from a variety of environmental and physiological matrices, and separation and verification of their presence by combinations of state-of-the-art chromatographic and spectrometric procedures. Of the 75 references listed (peer review journal publications or books), only 7 were published prior to 1987, and the vast majority date from 1990 or later.
Book Synopsis Detection and Identification of Chemical Warfare Agents in Soils Using Microextraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry by : S. Oonk
Download or read book Detection and Identification of Chemical Warfare Agents in Soils Using Microextraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry written by S. Oonk and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Methods for Environmental Sampling of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Degradation Products by : U.S. Army Environmental Center
Download or read book Analytical Methods for Environmental Sampling of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Degradation Products written by U.S. Army Environmental Center and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction by :
Download or read book Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction written by and published by Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. This book was released on 1993 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Chemical Warfare Agents, Degradation Products and Related Compounds by :
Download or read book Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Chemical Warfare Agents, Degradation Products and Related Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years Defence Research Establishment Suffield (DRES) developed LC-ESI-MS methods for the analysis of a variety of samples of chemical defence interest. These samples included hydrolysed munitions grade mustard, degraded 0-ethyl S-2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL methylphosphonothiolate (VX), snow contaminated with sarin (GB), soil contaminated with sarin (GB) and soman (GD), munitions grade tabun (GA), failed synthetic products and synthetic standards. During these investigations DRES acquired ESI-MS data for sixty chemical warfare agents, degradation products and related compounds. Data were obtained with a resolution of 5000 (50% valley definition) in the continuum mode at several sampling cone voltages. At lower sampling cone voltages the mass spectra were dominated by protonated, sodiated and protonated acetonitrile adducts and/or their dimers that could be used to confirm the molecular mass of each compound. Structural information was obtained by inducing product ion formation in the ESI interface at higher sampling cone voltages. Representative data obtained at both a lower and higher sampling cone voltage were selected for entry into the DRES ESI-MS Database as part of a collaboration between Canada (DRES) and The Netherlands (TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory).
Book Synopsis Environmental Chemistry and Fate of Chemical Warfare Agents by : United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Fate of Chemical Warfare Agents written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical report contains information on the potential for chemical warfare agent contamination at FUDS, and on active DOD installations. It makes it important that USA professionals involved with site assessment and remediation be aware of the environmental chemistry of the chemical agents and their degradation products. This report summarizes data on the fate and transport of these compounds from the professional chemistry and environmental literature, USA technical reports, and some foreign documents.
Book Synopsis Acetonitrile Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Degradation Products by :
Download or read book Acetonitrile Chemical Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Degradation Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of many chemical agents, particularly the V series, under standard Electron Ionization (EI) conditions often produces extensive fragmentation making identification difficult Milder Chemical Ionization (CI), typically using methane, isobutane, or ammonia as reagent gases, is commonly used to provide molecular weight and structure confirmation. In this study, acetonitrile was used as a liquid CI reagent for detection of HD, VX, and related compounds using an ion trap detector. The protonated molecular ion was observed as the dominant ion and base peak for HD, VX, GA, 1,4-dithiane, 2-diisopropylaminoethanol, and the trimethylsilyl derivatives of methylphosphonic acid and isopropyl methylphosphonic acid. Acetonitrile was not effective for GB. The use of liquid reagents offers logistical advantages for field analysis by being easier to transport and safer to use than gas cylinders. The major drawback of acetonitrile is that it requires significant equilibration time which limits versatility if rapid switching between EI and CI is required.
Download or read book Dew of Death written by Joel A. Vilensky and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-07 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dr. Vilensky raises important concerns regarding the threats posed by lewisite and other weapons of mass destruction. As he describes, non-proliferation programs are a vital component in the War on Terror." -- Richard G. Lugar, United States Senator "Joel Vilensky's book is a detailed and immensely useful account of the development and history of one of the major chemical weapons.... We will always know how to make lewisite, the 'Dew of Death,' but that does not mean that we should, or be compelled to accept such weapons in our lives." -- from the Foreword by Richard Butler, former head of UN Special Commission to Disarm Iraq In 1919, when the Great War was over, the New York Times reported on a new chemical weapon with "the fragrance of geranium blossoms," a poison gas that was "the climax of this country's achievements in the lethal arts." The name of this substance was lewisite and this is its story -- the story of an American weapon of mass destruction. Discovered by accident by a graduate student and priest in a chemistry laboratory at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., lewisite was developed into a weapon by Winford Lewis, who became its namesake, working with a team led by James Conant, later president of Harvard and head of government oversight for the U.S.'s atomic bomb program, the Manhattan Project. After a powerful German counterattack in the spring of 1918, the government began frantic production of lewisite in hopes of delivering 3,000 tons of the stuff to be ready for use in Europe the following year. The end of war came just as the first shipment was being prepared. It was dumped into the sea, but not forgotten. Joel A. Vilensky tells the intriguing story of the discovery and development of lewisite and its curious history. During World War II, the United States produced more than 20,000 tons of lewisite, testing it on soldiers and secretly dropping it from airplanes. In the end, the substance was abandoned as a weapon because it was too unstable under most combat conditions. But a weapon once discovered never disappears. It was used by Japan in Manchuria and by Iraq in its war with Iran. The Soviet Union was once a major manufacturer. Strangely enough, although it was developed for lethal purposes, lewisite led to an effective treatment for a rare neurological disease.
Book Synopsis Nanozymes: Next Wave of Artificial Enzymes by : Xiaoyu Wang
Download or read book Nanozymes: Next Wave of Artificial Enzymes written by Xiaoyu Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamental concepts, the latest developments and the outlook of the field of nanozymes (i.e., the catalytic nanomaterials with enzymatic characteristics). As one of today’s most exciting fields, nanozyme research lies at the interface of chemistry, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. Each of the book’s six chapters explores advances in nanozymes. Following an introduction to the rise of nanozymes research in the course of research on natural enzymes and artificial enzymes in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 through 5 discuss different nanomaterials used to mimic various natural enzymes, from carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials to metal oxide-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials. In each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, catalytic mechanisms and key applications are covered. In closing, Chapter 6 addresses the current challenges and outlines further directions for nanozymes. Presenting extensive information on nanozymes and supplemented with a wealth of color illustrations and tables, the book offers an ideal guide for readers from disparate areas, including analytical chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical engineering, environmental science and engineering, green chemistry, and novel catalysis.
