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Analysis Of A Cho Cell Line That Expresses A Peroxisomal 3 Hydroxy 3 Methylglutaryl Coa Reductase
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Book Synopsis Analysis of a CHO Cell Line that Expresses a Peroxisomal 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase by : William Engfelt
Download or read book Analysis of a CHO Cell Line that Expresses a Peroxisomal 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase written by William Engfelt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is present not only in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but also in the peroxisomes. To date no information is available regarding the function of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol/isoprenoid metabolism and the structure of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase has yet to be determined. We have identified a mammalian cell line that expresses only one HMG-CoA reductase protein and which is localized exclusively to peroxisomes to facilitate our studies on the function, regulation, and structure of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase. This cell line was obtained by growing UT2 cells (which lack the ER HMG-CoA reductase), in the absence of mevalonate. The surviving cells exhibited a marked increase in a 90 kDa HMG-CoA reductase which was localized exclusively to peroxisomes. The UT2 cells grown in the absence of mevalonate containing the upregulated peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase are designated UT2*. A detailed characterization and analysis of this cell line is presented in this study. The examination of UT2/UT2* cell cDNA and genomic DNA has led to the identification of two novel point mutations in intronic sequences of the ER HMG-CoA reductase gene. One mutation identified at the +1 position (G → A) of the 5 ′ splice site of exon 11-12 junction was shown to cause exon 11 skipping which resulted in the insertion of premature stop codons. A second mutation was also identified at the +5 position (G → A) of the 5′ splice site in the intron spanning exons 13 and 14. Furthermore, the data indicate that the two mutations in the reductase gene are present on the same allele. As demonstrated by RT-PCR of UT2 cell mRNA, the mutations produce aberrant spliced messages. If the aberrant messages were translated, truncated proteins of 44 kDa or 66 kDa would be predicted. More importantly, these truncated proteins would be expected not to have catalytic activity. Thus, the mutations identified in the ER reductase gene in UT2/UT2* cells indicate that neither a 97 kDa nor a 90 kDa reductase protein can be produced from this gene.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Peroxisome Biology: Breakthroughs, Challenges and Future Directions by : Maya Schuldiner
Download or read book Peroxisome Biology: Breakthroughs, Challenges and Future Directions written by Maya Schuldiner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Peroxisomes in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis by : Nahla Mohamed Aboushadi
Download or read book Role of Peroxisomes in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis written by Nahla Mohamed Aboushadi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our group has demonstrated that all the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) from mevalonate are localized to peroxisomes. FPP is the precursor of critical isoprenoids, thus, its regulation and metabolism are crucial. In rat liver, an allyl pyrophosphatase (FPPase) converts FPP to free farnesol. Farnesol is then oxidized to prenyl aldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or it is converted to FPP by phosphorylation reactions. In this study, we identified a specific FPP kinase activity in rat liver. We also determined the subcellular localization of the FPPase, ADK and FPP kinase activities in whole liver homogenates. Regulation studies demonstrated that FPP kinase activity but not FPPase responded to modulation in FPP levels. The rate-limiting enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase has been localized to peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). No information is available regarding the regulation or function of the peroxisomal reductase in isoprenoid metabolism. To facilitate the regulation studies of the peroxisomal reductase, we utilized a mammalian cell line (UT2*) that expresses only one reductase protein of 90 kDa that is localized exclusively in peroxisomes. Comparison of the regulation of the two reductases revealed major differences between the two proteins. The peroxisomal reductase is not the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. The peroxisomal protein is not phosphorylated and its activity is not altered in the presence of cellular phosphatases. Its rate of degradation is not accelerated by mevalonate. Moreover, the degradation process is not blocked by the cysteine protease/proteosome inhibitor, N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN). Finally, the peroxisomal protein is more resistant to statin inhibition. These data suggest that the peroxisomal protein is functionally and structurally different from the ER reductase. We also showed that peroxisomal-deficient PEX2- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells display reduced levels of peroxisomal. isoprenoid enzymes and show reduced rates of isoprenoid biosynthesis. We showed that the deficiency in the peroxisomal enzymes was due to acceleration in the rate of degradation of the proteins, and a decrease in the mRNA levels and rate of synthesis of these proteins. Taken together, the data presented in this study emphasize the indispensable role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis.
Book Synopsis Biological & Agricultural Index by :
Download or read book Biological & Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 2728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Opinion in Lipidology written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Peroxisomal Disorders and Regulation of Genes by : Frank Roels
Download or read book Peroxisomal Disorders and Regulation of Genes written by Frank Roels and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most peroxisomal disorders the nervous system is severely affected which explains the clinical and community burden they represent. This is the first book to focus not only on the mutations causing these inherited illnesses, but also on mechanisms that regulate, suppress or enhance expression of genes and their products (enzymes). Indeed since the success and completion of the Human Genome Project all genes (coding DNA sequences) are known. However, of many, their function, and the role of the gene product has not been determined. An example is X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, the most frequent peroxisomal disorder. Children are born healthy, but in more than 1 out of 3, demyelination of the brain starts unpredictably and they die in a vegetative state. The gene mutated in most families has been known for 10 years; but the true role of the encoded protein, ALDp, is still speculative; and within the same family, very severe and asymptomatic clinical histories co-exist, unexplained by the mutation.
Book Synopsis Coenzyme Q in Aging by : Guillermo López Lluch
Download or read book Coenzyme Q in Aging written by Guillermo López Lluch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive exploration of research on the essential relationship of the coenzyme Q10 and the process of aging in living organisms. CoQ10 is an important factor in two main aspects of cell physiology: bioenergetics and antioxidant protection. While primary deficiency of CoQ10 is associated with severe and lethal disease, secondary deficiency can be associated with the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction linked to the lessening of biological activities during aging. The book is organized in four sections. The first offers an overview of the function of CoQ10, highlighting the two main functions of CoQ10 in cells: its essential role as electron transport chain member in mitochondria, and the protection of cell membranes against oxidation as one of the main endogenous-synthesized antioxidants. The second section covers research on Coenzyme 10. Topics include studies involving invertebrate models, mammal studies and the influence of CoQ on longevity. Also covered is research involving the role of CoQ in senescence-accelerated mice. Section three examines the effects of reduced CoQ in human aging, as evident in mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, immunosenescence and fertility and reproduction. The final section, Prolongevity effectors and Coenzyme Q, explores research into slowing or stopping the aging process. Coverage includes strategies including calorie restriction, and modulation of CoQ10 levels by induction of synthesis or by supplementation. Coenzyme Q in Aging benefits a broad readership of researchers, clinicians, educators and students interested in the biochemical and physiological effects of coenzyme Q and the importance of this molecule in aging process.
Book Synopsis Bile Salt Metabolism by : Leon Schiff
Download or read book Bile Salt Metabolism written by Leon Schiff and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bile Acids and Their Receptors by : Stefano Fiorucci
Download or read book Bile Acids and Their Receptors written by Stefano Fiorucci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focusses on the latest results related to the field of bile acids as signaling molecules and describes how these receptors have become a major pharmacological target. It covers all major areas of research in this field, from genetics, chemistry, in silico modeling, molecular biology to clinical applications, offering a cross-country view of the functional role of bile acids as signaling molecules, virtually acting on all major areas of metabolism. While FXR and GPBAR1 are essential bile acid sensors that integrate the de novo bile acid synthesis with intestinal microbiota and liver metabolism, in a broader sense, BARs play a pathogenic role in the development of common human alignments including liver, intestinal and metabolic disorders, such as steatosis (NAFLD) and steato-hepatitis (NASH), diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.
Book Synopsis Natural Terpenoids as Messengers by : Paul Harrewijn
Download or read book Natural Terpenoids as Messengers written by Paul Harrewijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Production of terpenes and terpenoids. 3. The origin and evolution of terpenoid messengers. 4. Specific properties of terpenoids. 5. Functions of natural terpenoids in the interrelationships between organisms. 6. Terpenoids in practice. 7. Natural terpenoids to the benefit of human health. 8. Prospectus and suggestions for further research. Epilogue. References. General reading. Glossary. Index.
Book Synopsis High Density Lipoproteins by : Arnold von Eckardstein
Download or read book High Density Lipoproteins written by Arnold von Eckardstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.
Download or read book Skin Barrier written by Peter M. Elias and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have reference for any researcher or scientist interested in cutaneous protective mechanisms, this guide provides expertly researched chapters on every aspect of stratum corneum structure, function, and development, as well as detailed sections on barrier-repair strategies and the role of barrier function in diseases such as atopic dermatiti
Book Synopsis Non-Conventional Yeasts in Genetics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology by : Klaus Wolf
Download or read book Non-Conventional Yeasts in Genetics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology written by Klaus Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-03-04 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most information on yeasts derives from experiments with the conventional yeasts Saccaromyces cerevisiae and Schizossaccharomyces pombe, the complete nuclear and mitochondrial genome of which has also been sequenced. For all other non-conventional yeasts, investigations are in progress and the rapid development of molecular techniques has allowed an insight also into a variety of non-conventional yeasts. In this bench manual, over 70 practical protocols using 15 different non-conventional yeast species and in addition several protocols of general use are described in detail. All of these experiments on the genetics, biochemistry and biotechnology of yeasts have been contributed by renowned laboratories and have been reproduced many times. The reliable protocols are thus ideally suited also for undergraduate and graduate practical courses.
Book Synopsis Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, Second Edition by : Wei-Shou Hu
Download or read book Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, Second Edition written by Wei-Shou Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the culmination of three decades of accumulated experience in teaching biotechnology professionals. It distills the fundamental principles and essential knowledge of cell culture processes from across many different disciplines and presents them in a series of easy-to-follow, comprehensive chapters. Practicality, including technological advances and best practices, is emphasized. This second edition consists of major updates to all relevant topics contained within this work. The previous edition has been successfully used in training courses on cell culture bioprocessing over the past seven years. The format of the book is well-suited to fast-paced learning, such as is found in the intensive short course, since the key take-home messages are prominently highlighted in panels. The book is also well-suited to act as a reference guide for experienced industrial practitioners of mammalian cell cultivation for the production of biologics.
