Analogies At War

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Analogies at War

Author : Yuen Foong Khong
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691025353
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (253 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogies at War by : Yuen Foong Khong

Download or read book Analogies at War written by Yuen Foong Khong and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1992-05-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From World War I to Operation Desert Storm, American policymakers have repeatedly invoked the "lessons of history" as they contemplated taking their nation to war. Do these historical analogies actually shape policy, or are they primarily tools of political justification? Yuen Foong Khong argues that leaders use analogies not merely to justify policies but also to perform specific cognitive and information-processing tasks essential to political decision-making. Khong identifies what these tasks are and shows how they can be used to explain the U.S. decision to intervene in Vietnam. Relying on interviews with senior officials and on recently declassified documents, the author demonstrates with a precision not attained by previous studies that the three most important analogies of the Vietnam era--Korea, Munich, and Dien Bien Phu--can account for America's Vietnam choices. A special contribution is the author's use of cognitive social psychology to support his argument about how humans analogize and to explain why policymakers often use analogies poorly.

Making War, Thinking History

Author : Jeffrey Record
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
ISBN 13 : 1612515819
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Making War, Thinking History by : Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Making War, Thinking History written by Jeffrey Record and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In examining the influence of historical analogies on decisions to use--or not use--force, military strategist Jeffrey Record assesses every major application of U.S. force from the Korean War to the NATO war on Serbia. Specifically, he looks at the influence of two analogies: the democracies? appeasement of Hitler at Munich and America's defeat in the Vietnam War. His book judges the utility of these two analogies on presidential decision-making and finds considerable misuse of them in situations where force was optional. He points to the Johnson administration's application of the Munich analogy to the circumstances of Southeast Asia in 1965 as the most egregious example of their misuse, but also cites the faulty reasoning by historical analogy that prevailed among critics of Reagan's policy in Central America and in Clinton's use of force in Haiti and the former Yugoslavia. The author's findings show generational experience to be a key influence on presidential decision-making: Munich persuaded mid-twentieth-century presidents that force should be used early and decisively while Vietnam cautioned later presidents against using force at all. Both analogies were at work for the Gulf War, with Munich urging a decision for war and Vietnam warning against a graduated and highly restricted use of force. Record also reminds us of the times when presidents have used analogies to mobilize public support for action they have already decided to take. Addressing both the process of presidential decision-making and the wisdom of decisions made, this well-reasoned book offers timely lessons to a broad audience that includes political scientists, military historians, defense analysts, and policy makers, as well as those simply curious about history's influence.

Analogies at War

Author : Yuen Foong Khong
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691212910
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogies at War by : Yuen Foong Khong

Download or read book Analogies at War written by Yuen Foong Khong and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From World War I to Operation Desert Storm, American policymakers have repeatedly invoked the "lessons of history" as they contemplated taking their nation to war. Do these historical analogies actually shape policy, or are they primarily tools of political justification? Yuen Foong Khong argues that leaders use analogies not merely to justify policies but also to perform specific cognitive and information-processing tasks essential to political decision-making. Khong identifies what these tasks are and shows how they can be used to explain the U.S. decision to intervene in Vietnam. Relying on interviews with senior officials and on recently declassified documents, the author demonstrates with a precision not attained by previous studies that the three most important analogies of the Vietnam era--Korea, Munich, and Dien Bien Phu--can account for America's Vietnam choices. A special contribution is the author's use of cognitive social psychology to support his argument about how humans analogize and to explain why policymakers often use analogies poorly.

The Power of the Past

Author : Hal Brands
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815727135
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Power of the Past by : Hal Brands

Download or read book The Power of the Past written by Hal Brands and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars and policymakers explore how history influences foreign policy and offer insights on how the study of the past can more usefully serve the present. History, with its insights, analogies, and narratives, is central to the ways that the United States interacts with the world. Historians and policymakers, however, rarely engage one another as effectively or fruitfully as they might. This book bridges that divide, bringing together leading scholars and policymakers to address the essential questions surrounding the history-policy relationship including Mark Lawrence on the numerous, and often contradictory, historical lessons that American observers have drawn from the Vietnam War; H. W. Brands on the role of analogies in U.S. policy during the Persian Gulf crisis and war of 1990–91; and Jeremi Suri on Henry Kissinger's powerful use of history.

Human Security and the UN

Author : S. Neil MacFarlane
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780253111999
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Security and the UN by : S. Neil MacFarlane

Download or read book Human Security and the UN written by S. Neil MacFarlane and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did the individual human being become the focus of the contemporary discourse on security? What was the role of the United Nations in "securing" the individual? What are the payoffs and costs of this extension of the concept? Neil MacFarlane and Yuen Foong Khong tackle these questions by analyzing historical and contemporary debates about what is to be secured. From Westphalia through the 19th century, the state's claim to be the object of security was sustainable because it offered its subjects some measure of protection. The state's ability to provide security for its citizens came under heavy strain in the 20th century as a result of technological, strategic, and ideological innovations. By the end of World War II, efforts to reclaim the security rights of individuals gathered pace, as seen in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and a host of United Nations covenants and conventions. MacFarlane and Khong highlight the UN's work in promoting human security ideas since the 1940s, giving special emphasis to its role in extending the notion of security to include development, economic, environmental, and other issues in the 1990s.

Visual Analogy

Author : Barbara Maria Stafford
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262692670
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Visual Analogy by : Barbara Maria Stafford

Download or read book Visual Analogy written by Barbara Maria Stafford and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-08-24 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book exploring the discovery of sameness in otherness. Recuperating a topic once central to philosophy, theology, rhetoric, and aesthetics, this groundbreaking book explores the discovery of sameness in otherness. Analogy poses an intriguingly ancient and modern conundrum. How, in the face of cultural diversity, can a unique someone or something be perceived as like what it is not? This book is for anyone puzzled by why today, as Barbara Maria Stafford claims, "we possess no language for talking about resemblance, only an exaggerated awareness of difference." Well-designed images, Stafford argues, reveal the mind's intuitive leaps to connect known with unknown experience. The first of four wide-ranging chapters paints a challenging overview of several pressing contemporary issues. Cloning, legal controversies about social inequity, identity politics, electronic copying, and the mimicry of virtual reality expose the need for a nuanced theory of similitude. The second examines the historical tug-of-war between analogy and allegory, or disanalogy. Stafford provocatively suggests that, since the Romantic Era, we have been living in polarizingly allegorical times. The third roots this divisiveness within the momentous shift from a magical universe, modeled on sexual bonds, to an engineered world built of discrete automated units. Finally, recent developments in computational brain research notwithstanding, major phenomenological questions about memory, emotion, intelligence, and awareness beckon. In the fourth chapter, Stafford intervenes in the consciousness debates to propose a humanistic cognitive science with bridging/analogy at its artful core.

Understanding Cyber Conflict

Author : George Perkovich
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1626164983
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Cyber Conflict by : George Perkovich

Download or read book Understanding Cyber Conflict written by George Perkovich and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading scholars, the fourteen case studies in this volume will help policymakers, scholars, and students make sense of contemporary cyber conflict through historical analogies to past military-technological problems.

Surfaces and Essences

Author : Douglas Hofstadter
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 : 0465018475
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfaces and Essences by : Douglas Hofstadter

Download or read book Surfaces and Essences written by Douglas Hofstadter and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how analogy-making pervades human thought at all levels, influencing the choice of words and phrases in speech, providing guidance in unfamiliar situations, and giving rise to great acts of imagination.

The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars

Author : Robert Gilpin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521379557
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars by : Robert Gilpin

Download or read book The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars written by Robert Gilpin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-02-24 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis of the origins of major wars, since the development of the modern state system in Europe centuries ago, also considers the problems involved in preventing a contemporary nuclear war.

The Accidental Guerrilla

Author : David Kilcullen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199754098
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Accidental Guerrilla by : David Kilcullen

Download or read book The Accidental Guerrilla written by David Kilcullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Senior Counterinsurgency Advisor to General David Petraeus, Kilcullen's vision of war dramatically influenced America's decision to rethink its military strategy in Iraq. Now, Kilcullen provides a remarkably fresh perspective on the War on Terror.

Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam

Author : Lloyd C. Gardner
Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1595583459
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam by : Lloyd C. Gardner

Download or read book Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam written by Lloyd C. Gardner and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2008-06-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the launch of the "Shock and Awe" invasion in March 2003 through President George W. Bush's declaration of "Mission Accomplished" two months later, the war in Iraq was meant to demonstrate definitively that the United States had learned the lessons of Vietnam. This new book makes clear that something closer to the opposite is true--that U.S. foreign policy makers have learned little from the past, even as they have been obsessed with the "Vietnam Syndrome." Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam brings together the country's leading historians of the Vietnam experience. Examining the profound changes that have occurred in the country and the military since the Vietnam War, celebrated historians Marilyn B. Young and Lloyd Gardner have assembled a distinguished group to consider how America has again found itself in the midst of a war in which there is no chance of a speedy victory or a sweeping regime change. Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam explores how the "Vietnam Syndrome" fits into the contemporary debate about the purpose and exercise of American power in the world. With contributions from some of the most renowned analysts of American history and foreign policy, this is an essential recovery of the forgotten and misbegotten lessons of Vietnam. Contributors: Christian G. Appy Andrew J. Bacevich David Elliott Alex Danchev Elizabeth L. Hillman Gabriel Kolko Walter LaFeber Wilfried Mausbach Alfred W. McCoy Gareth Porter John Prados Marilyn B. Young

Looking for the Good War

Author : Elizabeth D. Samet
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374716129
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Looking for the Good War by : Elizabeth D. Samet

Download or read book Looking for the Good War written by Elizabeth D. Samet and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A remarkable book, from its title and subtitle to its last words . . . A stirring indictment of American sentimentality about war.” —Robert G. Kaiser, The Washington Post In Looking for the Good War, Elizabeth D. Samet reexamines the literature, art, and culture that emerged after World War II, bringing her expertise as a professor of English at West Point to bear on the complexity of the postwar period in national life. She exposes the confusion about American identity that was expressed during and immediately after the war, and the deep national ambivalence toward war, violence, and veterans—all of which were suppressed in subsequent decades by a dangerously sentimental attitude toward the United States’ “exceptional” history and destiny. Samet finds the war's ambivalent legacy in some of its most heavily mythologized figures: the war correspondent epitomized by Ernie Pyle, the character of the erstwhile G.I. turned either cop or criminal in the pulp fiction and feature films of the late 1940s, the disaffected Civil War veteran who looms so large on the screen in the Cold War Western, and the resurgent military hero of the post-Vietnam period. Taken together, these figures reveal key elements of postwar attitudes toward violence, liberty, and nation—attitudes that have shaped domestic and foreign policy and that respond in various ways to various assumptions about national identity and purpose established or affirmed by World War II. As the United States reassesses its roles in Afghanistan and the Middle East, the time has come to rethink our national mythology: the way that World War II shaped our sense of national destiny, our beliefs about the use of American military force throughout the world, and our inability to accept the realities of the twenty-first century’s decades of devastating conflict.

Vietnam

Author : John Prados
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Vietnam by : John Prados

Download or read book Vietnam written by John Prados and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major synthesis of the war since 2001, drawing upon a host of newly declassified documents, presidential tapes, and overlooked foreign sources to give the most comprehensive look to date of the war that still haunts America.

The Army and Vietnam

Author : Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr.
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801896126
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Army and Vietnam by : Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr.

Download or read book The Army and Vietnam written by Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr. and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1986-05-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many senior army officials still claim that if they had been given enough soldiers and weapons, the United States could have won the war in Vietnam. In this probing analysis of U.S. military policy in Vietnam, career army officer and strategist Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr., argues that precisely because of this mindset the war was lost before it was fought. The army assumed that it could transplant to Indochina the operational methods that had been successful in the European battle theaters of World War II, an approach that proved ill-suited to the way the Vietnamese Communist forces fought. Theirs was a war of insurgency, and counterinsurgency, Krepinevich contends, requires light infantry formations, firepower restraint, and the resolution of political and social problems within the nation. To the very end, top military commanders refused to recognize this. Krepinevich documents the deep division not only between the American military and civilian leaders over the very nature of the war, but also within the U.S. Army itself. Through extensive research in declassified material and interviews with officers and men with battlefield experience, he shows that those engaged in the combat understood early on that they were involved in a different kind of conflict. Their reports and urgings were discounted by the generals, who pressed on with a conventional war that brought devastation but little success. A thorough analysis of the U.S. Army's role in the Vietnam War, The Army and Vietnam demonstrates with chilling persuasiveness the ways in which the army was unprepared to fight—lessons applicable to today's wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

A War Like No Other

Author : Victor Davis Hanson
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0812969707
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis A War Like No Other by : Victor Davis Hanson

Download or read book A War Like No Other written by Victor Davis Hanson and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2006-09-12 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of our most provocative military historians, Victor Davis Hanson has given us painstakingly researched and pathbreaking accounts of wars ranging from classical antiquity to the twenty-first century. Now he juxtaposes an ancient conflict with our most urgent modern concerns to create his most engrossing work to date, A War Like No Other. Over the course of a generation, the Hellenic city-states of Athens and Sparta fought a bloody conflict that resulted in the collapse of Athens and the end of its golden age. Thucydides wrote the standard history of the Peloponnesian War, which has given readers throughout the ages a vivid and authoritative narrative. But Hanson offers readers something new: a complete chronological account that reflects the political background of the time, the strategic thinking of the combatants, the misery of battle in multifaceted theaters, and important insight into how these events echo in the present. Hanson compellingly portrays the ways Athens and Sparta fought on land and sea, in city and countryside, and details their employment of the full scope of conventional and nonconventional tactics, from sieges to targeted assassinations, torture, and terrorism. He also assesses the crucial roles played by warriors such as Pericles and Lysander, artists, among them Aristophanes, and thinkers including Sophocles and Plato. Hanson’s perceptive analysis of events and personalities raises many thought-provoking questions: Were Athens and Sparta like America and Russia, two superpowers battling to the death? Is the Peloponnesian War echoed in the endless, frustrating conflicts of Vietnam, Northern Ireland, and the current Middle East? Or was it more like America’s own Civil War, a brutal rift that rent the fabric of a glorious society, or even this century’s “red state—blue state” schism between liberals and conservatives, a cultural war that manifestly controls military policies? Hanson daringly brings the facts to life and unearths the often surprising ways in which the past informs the present. Brilliantly researched, dynamically written, A War Like No Other is like no other history of this important war.

War Machine

Author : Daniel Pick
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300067194
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis War Machine by : Daniel Pick

Download or read book War Machine written by Daniel Pick and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intriguing study examines Western perceptions of war in and beyond the nineteenth century, surveying the writings of novelists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, philosophers, poets, natural scientists, and journalists to trace the terms of modern thought on the nature of military conflict. Daniel Pick brings together philosophical and historical models of war with fictions of invasion, propaganda from the Great War, interpretations of shellshock and speculations about the biological value of conquest. He discusses the work of such familiar commentators as Clausewitz, Engels, and Treitschke, and examines little-known writings by Proudhon, De Quincey, Ruskin, Valery, and many others, culminating in the extraordinary dialogue between Freud and Einstein, Why War? He analyses Victorian fears of French contamination through the Channel Tunnel as well as the widespread continuing dread of German domination. And he charts the history of the pervasive European belief that war is beneficial or at least functionally necessary. A central theme of the book is the disturbing relationship between machinery and destruction. Visions of relentless technological 'progress' and the inexorable advance of the military-industrial complex often seem to distort our understanding of war, even to reduce it to a sophisticated game played out by high-precision automata. Pick explores both the reassuring and troubling aspects of such representations. Shorn of human agency or responsibility, war apparently threatens to become technologically unstoppable, the remorseless 'perfect abattoir' of the industrial age. War Machine explores the enduring historical fascination with - and recoil from -brutal mechanical slaughter, and the modern aquiescence in, and enthusiasm for (in Rilke's phrase), 'these days of monstrously accelerated dying'.

Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War

Author : James Turner Johnson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140085556X
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War by : James Turner Johnson

Download or read book Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War written by James Turner Johnson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, a sequel to Ideology, Reason, and the Limitation of War, James Turner Johnson continues his reconstruction of the history of just war tradition by analyzing significant individual thinkers, concepts, and events that influenced its development from the mid-eighteenth century to the present. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.