An Investigation Of The Variability Of Surface Air Temperature Over The North Atlantic Ocean

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Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444640
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction

Author : Andrew Robertson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012811715X
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction by : Andrew Robertson

Download or read book Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction written by Andrew Robertson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting: Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners across the range of disciplines involved in the science, modeling, forecasting and application of this new frontier in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction. It provides an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the scientific principles and sources of predictability through the unique challenges of numerical simulation and forecasting with state-of-science modeling codes and supercomputers. Additional coverage includes the prospects for developing applications to trigger early action decisions to lessen weather catastrophes, minimize costly damage, and optimize operator decisions. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The introduction and conclusion, written by the co-editors, provides historical perspective, unique synthesis and prospects, and emerging opportunities in this exciting, complex and interdisciplinary field. - Contains contributed chapters from leaders and experts in sub-seasonal to seasonal science, forecasting and applications - Provides a one-stop shop for graduate students, academic and applied researchers, and practitioners in an emerging and interdisciplinary field - Offers a synthesis of the state of S2S science through the use of concrete examples, enabling potential users of S2S forecasts to quickly grasp the potential for application in their own decision-making - Includes a broad set of topics, illustrated with graphic examples, that highlight interdisciplinary linkages

Next Generation Earth System Prediction

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309388805
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Next Generation Earth System Prediction by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Next Generation Earth System Prediction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.

An Investigation of the Variability of Surface-air Temperature Over the North Atlantic Ocean

Author : Stanley Lawrence Rosenthal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Variability of Surface-air Temperature Over the North Atlantic Ocean by : Stanley Lawrence Rosenthal

Download or read book An Investigation of the Variability of Surface-air Temperature Over the North Atlantic Ocean written by Stanley Lawrence Rosenthal and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites

Author : Henry F. Diaz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792346784
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites by : Henry F. Diaz

Download or read book Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-07-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique, in-depth view of past, present and potential future climatic change in mountain regions, and in particular on the mechanisms which are responsible for this change. Other books which focus on environmental change in mountains focus more generally on the impacts of this change on mountain systems, rather than on the regional features of climatic change itself. The book enters into a high level of detail concerning results of international investigations which involve specialists from numerous climate-related disciplines. The book can be used in an academic and research context, for advanced graduate and doctoral students, as well as researchers working in various domains of relevance to climatic change issues. The book also has relevance in the context of future activities of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in terms of providing up-to-date knowledge of fundamental mechanisms and consequences of climatic change in mountain regions.

Climate Change: Multidecadal And Beyond

Author : Chih-pei Chang
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814579947
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change: Multidecadal And Beyond by : Chih-pei Chang

Download or read book Climate Change: Multidecadal And Beyond written by Chih-pei Chang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on two major challenges in the climate sciences: 1) to describe the decadal-to-centennial variations in instrumental and proxy records; and 2) to distinguish between anthropogenic variations and natural variability. The National Taiwan University invited some of the world's leading experts across the areas of observational analysis, mathematical theory, and modeling to discuss these two issues. The outcome of the meeting is the 23 chapters in this book that review the state of the art in theoretical, observational and modeling research on internal, unforced and externally forced climate variability. The main conclusion of this research is that internal climate variability on decadal and longer time scales is so large that sidestepping it may lead to false estimates of the climate's sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing.World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate is indexed in SCOPUS.

Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309060982
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-24 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.

Analysis of Climate Variability

Author : Hans v. Storch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662031671
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Climate Variability by : Hans v. Storch

Download or read book Analysis of Climate Variability written by Hans v. Storch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EUROPEAN SCHOOl OF CLiMATOlOGY AND NATURAL HAZARDS The training of scientific and technical personnel and the development of highly qualified scientists are, and have always been, among the important concerns of the European Commission. Advanced training is an important requirement for the implementation of a common EU policy in science and technology. The European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards was started as apart of the training and education activities of the European Programme on Climatology and Natural Hazards (EPOCH), and is continued under the subsequent research programme (ENVIRONMENT 1990-1994). The school consists of annual courses on specialised subjects within re search in climatology and natural hazards, and is open to graduating, grad uate and post graduate students in these fields. Each of the courses is organized in cooperation with a European Institu tion involved in the current research programme, and is aimed at giving to the students formal lectures and participation in informal discussions with leading researchers. The present volume is based on the lectures given at the course held on the island of Elba from the 30th October to the 6th of November 1993 on Statistical Analysis of Climate Variability. It features selected and extended presentations, and represents an important contribution to advanced studies in climate statistical analysis, supplementing more traditional texts. I trust that all those involved in research related to climate change and climate variability will appreciate this work and will benefit from the com prehensive and state-of-the-art information it provides.

Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins

Author : Carlos R. Mechoso
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108492703
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins by : Carlos R. Mechoso

Download or read book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.

Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309068916
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-07 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overall increase in global-mean atmospheric temperatures is predicted to occur in response to human-induced increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping "greenhouse gases." The most prominent of these gases, carbon dioxide, has increased in concentration by over 30% during the past 200 years, and is expected to continue to increase well into the future. Other changes in atmospheric composition complicate the picture. In particular, increases in the number of small particles (called aerosols) in the atmosphere regionally offset and mask the greenhouse effect, and stratospheric ozone depletion contributes to cooling of the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Many in the scientific community believe that a distinctive greenhouse-warming signature is evident in surface temperature data for the past few decades. Some, however, are puzzled by the fact that satellite temperature measurements indicate little, if any, warming of the lower to mid-troposphere (the layer extending from the surface up to about 8 km) since such satellite observations first became operational in 1979. The satellite measurements appear to be substantiated by independent trend estimates for this period based on radiosonde data. Some have interpreted this apparent discrepancy between surface and upper air observations as casting doubt on the overall reliability of the surface temperature record, whereas others have concluded that the satellite data (or the algorithms that are being used to convert them into temperatures) must be erroneous. It is also conceivable that temperatures at the earth's surface and aloft have not tracked each other perfectly because they have responded differently to natural and/or human-induced climate forcing during this particular 20-year period. Whether these differing temperature trends can be reconciled has implications for assessing: how much the earth has warmed during the past few decades, whether observed changes are in accord with the predicted response to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on model simulations, and whether the existing atmospheric observing system is adequate for the purposes of monitoring global-mean temperature. This report reassesses the apparent differences between the temperature changes recorded by satellites and the surface thermometer network on the basis of the latest available information. It also offers an informed opinion as to how the different temperature records should be interpreted, and recommends actions designed to reduce the remaining uncertainties in these measurements.

Measuring Ocean Currents

Author : Antony Joseph
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0123914280
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Ocean Currents by : Antony Joseph

Download or read book Measuring Ocean Currents written by Antony Joseph and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection. - Coverage of measurement, mapping and profiling techniques - Descriptions of technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures - Reviews crucial aspects of ocean currents, including special emphasis on the planet-spanning thermohaline circulation, known as the ocean's "conveyor belt," and its crucial role in climate change

Beyond El Niño

Author : Antonio Navarra
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642583695
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond El Niño by : Antonio Navarra

Download or read book Beyond El Niño written by Antonio Navarra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interest and level of research into climate variability has risen dramatically in recent years, and major breakthroughs have been achieved in the understanding and modelling of seasonal to interannual climate variability and prediction. At the same time, the documentation of longer term variability and its underlying mecha nisms have progressed considerably. Within the European Commission's Environment and Climate research programs several important projects have been supported in these areas - including the "Dec adal and Interdecadal Climate variability Experiment" (DICE) which forms the basis of this book. Within the EC supported climate research, we see an increasing importance of research into climate variability, as is evidenced in the upcoming Fifth Framework Programme's Key Action on Global Change, Climate and Biodi versity. This is because of the obvious potential socio-economic benefits from sea sonal to decadal scale climate prediction and equally important for the fundamental understanding of the climate system to help improve the quality and reliability of future climate change and mankind's current interference with it. The DICE group has performed important and pioneering work, and we hope this book will receive the wide distribution and recognition it deserves. We wel come the contributions from distinguished researchers from US, Japan and Canada to the EC's DICE group towards completing the scope of the book and as an exam ple of international cooperation which is essential in such a high-level scientific endeavor.

Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country

Author : A. Borja
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537952
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country by : A. Borja

Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country written by A. Borja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-03-03 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against a background of extensive multi-disciplinary oceanographic investigations over a number of years, together with the long-term establishment of a Society and Institute, extensive information is available from studies undertaken in the estuarine and coastal waters of the Basque Country.The present authors gained access to unpublished literature and reports which, together with a synthesis of internationally-refereed papers, provide a series of scientific overviews of particular subject areas. Teams of researchers (from Basque Institutes and Universities) combine to present the present 'state of knowledge', within a global context, of processes ranging from sub-seabed to air-sea interaction - incorporating data on the associated biology (including fisheries) and pollutant sources and levels. The latter are compared with regional, national and European legislation. The volume is divided into various sections: Introduction; Geography and Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography and Water Quality; Sediment Characteristics, Quality and Chemistry; Biomonitoring; Communities and Ecology; and Overall Assessment.The topics covered include: an historical review of marine research; the impact of human activities, during past centuries; geology, geomorphology and sediments; climate and meteorology; marine dynamics; hydrography; water mass characteristics; contaminants in the waters; microbiological quality; sedimentological characteristics; contaminants in sediments; biomonitoring of heavy metals and organic components, at tissue organism level and using cellular and molecular biomarkers; bacterioplankton and phytoplankton communities; zooplankton communities; benthic communities; seabirds; biodiversity and conservation; recovery of benthic communities; the polluted systems; and assessment of human impacts. On the basis of these syntheses, future challenges for marine research in the Basque Country are identified, in terms of a 'Research Agenda'. This comprehensive text, relating to estuarine, coastal and oceanographic processes at wide-ranging spatial and temporal scales in the southern Bay of Biscay, will be of interest to researchers, engineers and legislators - on a regional basis and within a world-wide perspective.

Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Volcanoes

Author : Samuel C. Colbeck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Volcanoes by : Samuel C. Colbeck

Download or read book Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Volcanoes written by Samuel C. Colbeck and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Interhemispheric Climate Linkages

Author : Vera Markgraf
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525660
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Interhemispheric Climate Linkages by : Vera Markgraf

Download or read book Interhemispheric Climate Linkages written by Vera Markgraf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel approach in the field of global change by presenting a comprehensive analysis of interhemispheric linkages of climate, present and past, and their effects on human societies. The ultimate goal of this interhemispheric integration is to improve our understanding of causes and mechanisms of climate change to enhance our capability in predicting future changes. Given the societal interest in global change issues this book offers a new approach for the integration of global information. It will provide a reference for professional scientists, researchers and graduate students in the fields of climatology, and the earth and environmental sciences. - Chapters analyse instrumental atmospheric and oceanic data to address such phenomena as El Nino/Southern Oscillation variability and other climate anomalies such as the Pacific and North Atlantic Oscillation and polar air outbreaks - A new systematic methodology is presented that allows objective and verifiable reconstruction of climate fields from sparse data - Especially valuable in the context of climate proxy data

Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes

Author : Robert R. Dickson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402067747
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes by : Robert R. Dickson

Download or read book Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes written by Robert R. Dickson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-03 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.

Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102251
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council

Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.