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An Exploratory Study Of The Nuclear Equation Of State And The Symmetry Energy At Supra Saturation Densities Using Au Au Collisions
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Book Synopsis An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions by : Peter Zhe Wu
Download or read book An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions written by Peter Zhe Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions by : Peter Z. Wu
Download or read book An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions written by Peter Z. Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the density dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly at high den- sities, is crucial for interpreting many astrophysical phenomena e.g. neutron stars and supernovae, where model descriptions require inputs for the behaviour of the EOS with extreme values of the symmetry energy. The nuclear EOS is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, which describes the relationships between its thermodynamic properties but is insufficiently constrained by ex- periment. Indeed the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is poorly understood, largely due to a lack of knowledge regarding the density depen- dence of the nuclear symmetry energy term, especially at densities considerably greater than that of normal nuclear matter. Theoretical studies based on either microscopic many-body theories or phenomenological approaches give widely divergent predictions of this quantity. While considerable progress has been achieved over recent years in determining the symmetry energy at saturation and sub-saturation nuclear matter densities, much more work is still needed to probe its behaviour at supra-saturation densities. Until recently, there has been little possibility to study experimentally the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This situation is changing dramatically as new radioactive beam facilities become operational. These facilities promise to revolutionise our knowledge of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Heavy- ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei have thus a crucial role to play in this field of research. They provide a unique tool for obtaining information concerning the high-density behaviour of the symmetry energy in a laboratory environment. This thesis reports on an experimental feasibility study into the use of observables of collective flow measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to investigate the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Equation Of State - Lecture Notes Of The Workshop by : Ahmad Ansari
Download or read book Nuclear Equation Of State - Lecture Notes Of The Workshop written by Ahmad Ansari and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-03-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the diversified and changing scenarios of the current frontiers of nuclear physics research, the topic 'Nuclear Equation of State' occupies the pivotal position. The present series of lectures by well known experts in this field span a wide area ranging from low energy to ultrarelativistic energy, with application to astrophysical phenomena like supernovae explosions, neutron star and other stellar processes, phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics, and properties of quark-gluon plasma. The present status of the VUU model for the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions is also reviewed.
Book Synopsis Effect of the Nuclear Equation of State on High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions by :
Download or read book Effect of the Nuclear Equation of State on High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of the nuclear equation of state on high-energy heavy-ion collisions is studied in two separate ways on the basis of conventional nuclear fluid dynamics. The equation of state has the property that the speed of sound approaches the speed of light in the limit of infinite compression. In the first way, nonrelativistic equations of motion are solved for various values of the nuclear compressibility coefficient for the expansion of spherically symmetric nuclear matter. The matter is initially compressed and excited in head-on collisions of equal targets and projectiles at a laboratory bombarding energy of 250 MeV/A. When the matter expands to a freezeout density, the remaining thermal energy is superimposed in terms of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The resulting energy distributions for different values of the compressibility coefficient are similar to one another, but they are significantly different from a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution corresponding to entirely thermal energy and moderately different from the energy distribution corresponding to the Siemens-Rasmussen approximation. In the second way, relativistic equations of motion are solved numerically in three spatial dimensions for the reaction 2°Ne + 238U at a laboratory bombarding energy per nucleon of 393 MeV/A, both with and without a density isomer. The double-differential cross section d2sigma/dEd.cap omega. corresponding both to all impact parameters and to central collisions constituting 15% of the total cross section is computed. The results for the various equations of state are very similar to one another except for central collisions at laboratory angle theta = 30° and for both central collisions and all impact parameters at theta = 150°. In these cases, over certain ranges of energy, d2sigma/dEd.cap omega. is larger for the density isomer than for conventional equations of state. 8 figures.
Book Synopsis Anisotropic Flow Nu2 in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC. by :
Download or read book Anisotropic Flow Nu2 in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the RQMD model, transverse momentum dependence of the anisotropic flow v2 for [pi], K, nucleon, [phi], and [lambda], are studied for Au + Au collisions at √s{sub NN} = 200 GeV. Both hydrodynamic hadron-mass hiragracy (hhmh) at low p{sub T} region and particle type dependence (baryon versus meson) at the intermediate p{sub T} region are reproduced with the model calculations although the model underpredicted the overall values of v2 by a factor of 2-3. As expected, when the rescatterings are turned off, all v2 becomes zero. The failure of the hadronic model in predicting the absolute values of hadron v2 clearly demonstrate the need of early dense partonic interaction in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. At the intermediate p{sub T}, the hadron type dependence cold also be explained by the vacume hadronic cross sections within the frame of the model. The measurements of collective motion of hadrons from high-energy nuclear collisions can provide information on the dynamical equation of state information of the system [1, 2, 3]. Specifically, the strange and multi-strange hadron flow results have demonstrated the partonic collectivity [5] and the heavy-flavor flow will test the hypothesis of early thermalization in such collisions [4]. At RHIC, the measurements [6, 7] of elliptic flow v2 and nuclear modification factor r{sub AA} has lead to the conclusion that hadrons were formed via the coalescence/recombination of massive quarks [8, 9, 10]. This finding is directly related to the key issue in high-energy nuclear collisions such as deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration. In addition, it also touched the important problem of hadronization process in high-energy collisions. Therefore a systematic study with different approaches becomes necessary. In this report, using a hadronic transport model UrQMD(v2.2)/RQMD(v2.4) [11, 12], we study the v2 of [pi], K, p, [phi], and [Lambda] from Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Properties of centrality dependent and freeze-out time dependent will be discussed. We try to answer some specific questions like how much the observed features can be reproduced by the hadronic model and why. In this approach, the vacumme cross sections are used for strong interactions. Unlike the treatment in most hydrodynamic calculations, the transition from strong interaction and free-steaming is determined by the local density and gradual. As we will discuss in the paper, the shortcoming of this method is lack of the partonic interactions which is important for the early dynamics in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions [13]. In order to take care of both partonic and hadronic interactions in high-energy nuclear collisions, a combination of hydrodynamic model for early stage (the perfect fluid stage) and hadronic transport model for later stage and freeze-out has been tried [14, 15].
Book Synopsis Partonic Equations of State in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions AtRHIC. by :
Download or read book Partonic Equations of State in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions AtRHIC. written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors discuss the recent results on equation of state for partonic matter created at RHIC. Issues of partonic collectivity for multi-strange hadrons and J/[psi] from Au + Au collisions at √s{sub NN} = 200 GeV are the focus of this paper.
Book Synopsis Study of Bulk Properties at High Energy Nuclear Collisions - The Search for the Partonic Equation of State at RHIC. by :
Download or read book Study of Bulk Properties at High Energy Nuclear Collisions - The Search for the Partonic Equation of State at RHIC. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss recent results from RHIC. Issues of energy loss and partonic collectivity from Au + Au collisions at (square root)s{sub NN} = 200 GeV are the focus of this paper. We propose a path toward the understanding of the partonic Equation of State in high energy nuclear collisions.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Nuclear Equation of State and Dielectron Production in Heavy Ion Collisions by :
Download or read book Investigation of the Nuclear Equation of State and Dielectron Production in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nuclear Equation of State: Part B by : Walter Greiner
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State: Part B written by Walter Greiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-07-31 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Peñiscola, Spain, May 21-June 3, 1989
Book Synopsis The Emission Temperature and the Nuclear Equation of State by : Hung Ming Hsu
Download or read book The Emission Temperature and the Nuclear Equation of State written by Hung Ming Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating the Density Dependence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Heavy Ion Collisions by : S. Gannon
Download or read book Investigating the Density Dependence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Heavy Ion Collisions written by S. Gannon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Charmed Meson Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair at RHIC by : Michael Richard Lomnitz
Download or read book Measurement of Charmed Meson Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 200 GeV Per Nucleon Pair at RHIC written by Michael Richard Lomnitz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Equation-of-state from Kaon Production in Heavy Ion Collisions by :
Download or read book Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Equation-of-state from Kaon Production in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microscopic Dynamical Studies of the Effects of the Nuclear Equation of State in Intermediate-energy Heavy-ion Collisions by : Robert John Lenk
Download or read book Microscopic Dynamical Studies of the Effects of the Nuclear Equation of State in Intermediate-energy Heavy-ion Collisions written by Robert John Lenk and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the role of the nuclear equation of state in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions using microscopic dynamical calculations. The relevant properties of the nuclear equation of state, and their manifestation in fragmentation reactions and Bevalac-energy collisions are reviewed. The available data on these collisions is summarized. We calculate the disassembly of hot charged classical drops that have an equation of state similar to that of nuclear matter. It is found that the region of adiabatic instability of the liquid-vapor phase transition is responsible for the rapid fragmentation of hot systems. For cooler drops, we find that this unstable region causes large deformations in the droplet shape that are exploited by the Coulomb force, resulting in fast binary and multiple fission decay modes. We discuss the use of the Vlasov-Nordheim equation in calculating heavy-ion collisions, and present a new method for solving the nuclear Vlasov equation with far greater accuracy than other existing methods. This method is used to study the role of the quantum Fermi motion is heavy-ion collisions. We also study the accuracy of Vlasov-Nordheim theory in the classical limit (i.e., Vlasov-Boltzmann) by comparing its predictions with the exact results of a classical model of heavy-ion collisions. It is shown that, although the Vlasov-Boltzmann theory can reproduce the general trends, it fails to reproduce the correct values of several specific observables. In this limited study, we do not find that the theory is very useful for deducing that incompressibility of matter from collision data.
Book Synopsis Momentum-Dependent Symmetry Potential from Nuclear Collective Flows in Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies*Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No 11505150, the Yuncheng University Research Project Under Grant No YQ-2014014, and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Under Grant No 2015M582730 by :
Download or read book Momentum-Dependent Symmetry Potential from Nuclear Collective Flows in Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies*Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No 11505150, the Yuncheng University Research Project Under Grant No YQ-2014014, and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Under Grant No 2015M582730 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, we investigate the nuclear collective flows produced in semi-central 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at intermediate energies. The neutron–proton differential flows and difference of neutron–proton collective flows are sensitive to the momentum-dependent symmetry potential. This sensitivity is less affected by both the isoscalar part of nuclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross sections. Moreover, this sensitivity becomes pronounced with increasing the rapidity cut.
Book Synopsis Semianalytical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions by : Todd Mendenhall
Download or read book Semianalytical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by Todd Mendenhall and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) has been produced by relativistic heavy ion collisions, and understanding its properties is a primary goal in the field of nuclear physics. This research first elucidates recent semianalytical developments that improve the estimates of the initial energy and net conserved-charge densities and enable the calculation of trajectories in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram for the matter produced by nuclear collisions. A semianalytical model of the initial densities is developed by including the finite nuclear thickness for parton production. The new maximum energy density is found to have an analytical upper bound and satisfy an approximate scaling relation. QCD phase diagram trajectories are extracted from the semianalytical densities using several nuclear equations of state, and the calculated QGP lifetimes are found to depend significantly on the values of the model's parameters. The study next presents a comparison between two solutions of the relativistic Boltzmann equation (RBE): one, a numerical solution using parton trans- port; the other, a theoretical solution for a homogeneous gas of massless particles. Parton transport in Zhang's parton cascade (ZPC) is found to reproduce the results of a recent ex- act analytical solution of the RBE with an unexpected effectiveness at high densities when using new generalized collision schemes. Finally, the work discusses some open questions related to parton transport in ZPC and suggests some possible directions to uncover their answers. These future research goals include discovering the cause of an unexpected problem arising in simulations with three-dimensional (3D) expansion, understanding the theoretical distribution of the total center-of-mass (CM) energy squared for two-parton collisions, and studying curved parton motion in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. Overall, the results presented in this dissertation improve the theoretical and numerical descriptions of the QGP and should be useful for future studies.
Download or read book New State of Nuclear Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reviews several important results from RHIC experiments and discusses their implications. They were obtained in a unique environment for studying QCD matter at temperatures and densities that exceed the limits wherein hadrons can exist as individual entities and raises to prominence the quark-gluon degrees of freedom. These findings are supported by major experimental observations via measuring of the bulk properties of particle production, particle ratios and chemical freeze-out conditions, and elliptic ow; followed by hard probe measurements: high-pT hadron suppression, dijet fragment azimuthal correlations, and heavy favor probes. These measurements are presented for particles of different species as a function of system sizes, collision centrality, and energy carried out in RHIC experiments. The results reveal that a dense, strongly-interacting medium is created in central Au + Au collisions at p sNN = 200 GeV at RHIC. This revelation of a new state of nuclear matter has also been observed in measurements at the LHC. Further, the IP-Glasma model coupled with viscous hydrodynamic models, which assumes the formation of a QGP, reproduces well the experimental ow results from Au + Au at p sNN = 200 GeV. This implies that the fluctuations in the initial geometry state are important and the created medium behaves as a nearly perfect liquid of nuclear matter because it has an extraordinarily low ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, =s 0.12. However, these discoveries are far from being fully understood. Furthermore, recent experimental results from RHIC and LHC in small p + A, d + Au and 3He+Au collision systems provide brand new insight into the role of initial and final state effects. These have proven to be interesting and more surprising than originally anticipated; and could conceivably shed new light in our understanding of collective behavior in heavy-ion physics. Accordingly, the focus of the experiments at both facilities RHIC and the LHC is on detailed exploration of the properties of this new state of nuclear matter, the QGP.
