An Examination Of Smoking Related Behaviours And Self Perceptions And The Role Of School Connectedness In Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students At An Ontario University Electronic Resource

Download An Examination Of Smoking Related Behaviours And Self Perceptions And The Role Of School Connectedness In Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students At An Ontario University Electronic Resource full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online An Examination Of Smoking Related Behaviours And Self Perceptions And The Role Of School Connectedness In Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students At An Ontario University Electronic Resource ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource]

Author : Jillian Beth Giesler
Publisher : University of Waterloo
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource] by : Jillian Beth Giesler

Download or read book An Examination of Smoking-Related Behaviours and Self-Perceptions, and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University [electronic Resource] written by Jillian Beth Giesler and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background. Post-secondary institutions account for more smokers than any other occupational setting in Canada (Hammond, 2005). Unfortunately, little is known about tobacco use among this distinct population of students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking and patterns of cigarette use among undergraduates at the University of Waterloo. The current study also sought to investigate the role of school connectedness in predicting students' smoking behaviours, and to explore the relation of student smoking status as determined by a behavioural measure and self-reported smoking status. Methods. A secondary analysis of data collected using the University of Waterloo Tobacco Use Survey (2004) was employed for this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and percentages), non-parametric statistics (chi-square and Cohen's kappa), principle components factor analysis and logistic regression in order to serve the exploratory purposes of the study. Results. Overall, 17.55% of the respondents reported current cigarette use (3.37% daily; 14.18% non-daily). Although most (85.5%) students' self-perceptions remained as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' from university entrance to the study date, a greater proportion of students made a negative change in their self-perceived smoking status over this time period than a positive change (10.13% vs. 4.38%, respectively). Among students who perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' or 'ex-smokers' at university entrance, being more academically engaged predicted making a negative change in ones' self-perceived smoking status (OR= 1.924, CI95= 1.064-3.480). Finally, the proportion of non-daily smokers differed between the two measures of smoking status. Many students classified as 'occasional smokers' using the behavioural measure actually perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who smoke sometimes'. Discussion. The results of this study provide valuable new insights into smoking among Canadian university students. Students who are more academically engaged may be at risk of initiating smoking, perhaps as a means of stress reduction. Furthermore, the adult measure of occasional smoking typically used in tobacco research may be insufficient to inform tobacco control efforts for this population as it results in different proportions of non-daily smokers when compared against students' self-perceived smoking status. The findings of this exploratory research await replication with larger samples and different measures. Implications of the results for practice and further research are discussed. Conclusions. This strategy of assessing connectedness to school shows promise in predicting post-secondary students' cigarette smoking behaviours. The results also provide support for continued investigation into the best ways to measure and assess current cigarette use in this unique population.

Master's Theses Directories

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Master's Theses Directories by :

Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

USING STUDENT RISK FACTORS TO PREDICT STUDENT-SCHOOL CONNECTIVITY

Author : Mark Edward Burke (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (865 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis USING STUDENT RISK FACTORS TO PREDICT STUDENT-SCHOOL CONNECTIVITY by : Mark Edward Burke (Jr.)

Download or read book USING STUDENT RISK FACTORS TO PREDICT STUDENT-SCHOOL CONNECTIVITY written by Mark Edward Burke (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this correlational research study was to examine the degree to which five student risk factors (marijuana use, alcohol use, prescription drug use, household composition, and delinquent behavior) predict student-school connectivity. For the study, a secondary data source was used comprising of 557 secondary school students. The data was collected by a small urban/rural north central Ohio school district in May of 2011. Student results were gathered through the use of the Youth Health and Risk Survey. Three research questions guided the study. The study examined gender, grade level, and household composition differences; substance use compared to national norms, and best predictors of student-school connectedness. Results showed females had significantly higher use of alcohol. Results also indicated grade level differences included: higher uses of substance in grades 9-12, higher levels of delinquent behavior in grades 6-8, and the lowest levels of student-school connectedness was in grade 9. Household composition differences were observed when comparing two parent households and households without two parents. Results showed students living with someone other than their parents had significantly higher uses of marijuana, alcohol, and prescription drugs; additionally, students living outside their parents' home had the lowest levels of student-school connectedness. Results indicated that the studied sample had significantly higher uses of alcohol (28%) and marijuana (12.9%) when compared to national rates of use (alcohol 13.6% and marijuana 7.4%). Lastly, results showed the combination of perceived risk of drug use, delinquent behavior, and alcohol use was significant in predicting student-school connectivity. Several conclusions were drawn from the study results. First, household composition is a critical factor in the development of student-school connectedness. Students living in household that are absent of parents may be at risk for a numerous anti-social behaviors including substance use, delinquent behaviors, and lower levels of academic success. It is vital from school districts to offer programing to engage families within the school. Second, student grade level can impact the development of student-school connectedness. Students entering grade 9 should be systematically targeted with engagement activities to foster a sense of school connectivity. Lastly, low level of perceived substance use risk negatively impacts the development of student-school connectivity. Drug awareness programming and drug education can be used as a protection factor toward student substance use. Health related curriculum focused on the negative side effects of alcohol and drug use may decrease student substance use and subsequently increasing student-school connectedness.

Self-perceptions and Smoking Behavior [microform]

Author : Austin Thomas DesLauriers
Publisher : National Library of Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780315138360
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (383 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Self-perceptions and Smoking Behavior [microform] by : Austin Thomas DesLauriers

Download or read book Self-perceptions and Smoking Behavior [microform] written by Austin Thomas DesLauriers and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1983 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 435 persons (210 Nonsmokers, 156 Smokers, and 69 Quitters) participated in the main study. Smokers indicated more frustration, a greater identification with cigarettes as expressing the "real me", a more positive evaluation of themselves as a smoker and less evaluative distance between themselves as a smoker or a nonsmoker than did the other groups. Discriminant analyses demonstrated that a set of self-perceptual variables discriminated the groups well, reclassified persons with considerable accuracy and accounted for a substantial amount of variance in smoking behavior. The first conclusion was that a relationship between self-perceptions and smoking behavior had been established. Secondly, self-perceptions were implicated in the process of behavior change with regard to smoking and in the maintenance of that change. Thirdly, aspects of self-perception specific to smoking seemed more important to discrimination and prediction than did more general aspects. Finally, light smokers were identified as a group somewhat distinct from other smokers in terms of their self-perceptions.

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults by :

Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.

Adolescent Intentions and Willingness to Smoke Cigarettes

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adolescent Intentions and Willingness to Smoke Cigarettes by :

Download or read book Adolescent Intentions and Willingness to Smoke Cigarettes written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: The aim of the current study was to test a modified dual-process model examining how willingness and intentions to smoke predicted initiation of cigarette smoking from early to mid-adolescence, and to assess if this model applied across gender and three racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Data were from 4,073 adolescents (Grade 7; ages 12-13) in the Healthy Passages study, a longitudinal cohort study examining youth from urban areas of Alabama, California, and Texas. Participants completed a revised version of the Tanner scale, the Self-Perception Profile - Global Self-Worth scale, the Social Skills Rating System Self-Control Subscale, and questions regarding parental monitoring, perceived peer smoking, availability of cigarettes, and future smoking intentions and willingness; participants were assessed three years later (Grade 10, M age = 15.59) and reported on cigarette smoking initiation. Results: Both intentions and willingness to smoke reported at Grade 7 predicted cigarette smoking initiation by Grade 10. Parent smoking, cigarette availability, and peer smoking were associated with smoking intentions and willingness and predicted initiation. Multiple group analyses by gender and race/ethnicity showed model differences by race/ethnicity, where both intentions and willingness were predictive of smoking initiation for only Black and male adolescents. Conclusions: Intentions and willingness appear to play an important role in whether an adolescent will try cigarettes, but this does not apply universally across gender and race/ethnicity. These findings demonstrate the utility of dual-process models in examining influences on cigarette smoking initiation among diverse adolescent samples. Results from this study may have implications for interventions designed to prevent tobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, among diverse youth.

Progression from E-cigarette Use to Conventional Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States

Author : Olusegun Obafemi Owotomo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Progression from E-cigarette Use to Conventional Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States by : Olusegun Obafemi Owotomo

Download or read book Progression from E-cigarette Use to Conventional Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States written by Olusegun Obafemi Owotomo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional cigarette smoking remains a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although adolescent cigarette smoking rates have declined over the past decades, e-cigarette use is an emerging public health threat that can potentially stall or reverse this decline. Currently, e-cigarette use has become a social norm with its prevalence surpassing that of conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents. Adolescent e-cigarette users are at heightened risk of nicotine addiction and progressing to conventional cigarette smoking. However, factors underlying this progression are yet to be fully elucidated. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a conceptual framework, I conducted three studies that aimed to identify factors that potentially underlie progression from e-cigarette use to conventional cigarette smoking among US adolescents. With data obtained from two national surveys on adolescent risk behaviors: Monitoring the Future Survey and Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health, I examined smoking-related perceptions that make adolescent e-cigarette users susceptible to conventional cigarette smoking (Study 1); identified subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users at most risk of exhibiting smoking intention (Study 2); and investigated how e-cigarette use moderates the transition from smoking intention to conventional cigarette smoking (Study 3). These three studies identify actionable predictors of conventional cigarette smoking among adolescent e-cigarette users and highlight potential foci for smoking prevention efforts. Findings suggest that negative attitudes and norms toward conventional cigarette smoking are major factors underlying progression to smoking among adolescent e-cigarette users. Also, three distinct subgroups of adolescent e-cigarette users were identified with each having particular smoking-related characteristics that determine their intention to smoke conventional cigarettes. Finally, transition from smoking intention to smoking initiation is moderated by e-cigarette use status, with smoking intention predicting smoking initiation only among adolescent never e-cigarette users. Adolescent e-cigarette users are at risk of progressing to smoking initiation whether or not they exhibit smoking intention, an indication that the influence of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking may potentially override the protective effect of lack of smoking intention. Adolescents least likely to initiate conventional cigarette smoking in the current tobacco landscape do not have smoking intention and are abstaining from e-cigarettes

The Role of Health Risk Perception Variables on Smoking-related Outcomes in a Motivational Interviewing-based Intervention for College Students

Download The Role of Health Risk Perception Variables on Smoking-related Outcomes in a Motivational Interviewing-based Intervention for College Students PDF Online Free

Author : John David Jacobson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Role of Health Risk Perception Variables on Smoking-related Outcomes in a Motivational Interviewing-based Intervention for College Students by : John David Jacobson

Download or read book The Role of Health Risk Perception Variables on Smoking-related Outcomes in a Motivational Interviewing-based Intervention for College Students written by John David Jacobson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of health risk perception in smoking behavior was prospectively evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial for smoking cessation in college students. Optimistic bias, future precaution effectiveness, perceived vulnerability, and smoking behavior measures (quit attempts and cessation) were assessed in 302 college-aged student smokers at baseline, end of treatment (3 months), and follow-up (6 months). Logistic regression analyses that controlled for level of smoking were used to examine risk perception variables as predictor of smoking outcomes. Results revealed that higher baseline future precaution effectiveness predicted a greater likelihood of quit attempts at end of treatment [OR = 1.11 (1.001, 1.24)] and a greater likelihood of cessation [OR = 1.14 (1.01, 1.29)] at follow-up. Unexpectedly, higher baseline levels of perceived vulnerability predicted a reduced likelihood of cessation at end of treatment [OR = .67 (.55, .83)] and follow-up [OR = .78 (.63, .97)]. As expected, however increases in perceived vulnerability from baseline to end of treatment predicted a greater likelihood of quit attempts at end of treatment [OR = 1.57 (1.24, 1.98)] and follow-up (OR = 1.62 (1.25, 2.08)] and cessation at end of treatment [OR = 1.27 (1.01, 1.62)]. Taken as a whole, results suggest that perceived vulnerability was the best predictor of smoking behavior change and supports further examination of the role of risk perceptions in promoting smoking cessation among college smokers.

Understanding Youth Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use

Author : Adam Geoffrey Cole
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding Youth Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use by : Adam Geoffrey Cole

Download or read book Understanding Youth Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use written by Adam Geoffrey Cole and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the greatest accomplishments of public health has been the significant reductions in harms due to smoking. Although tobacco cigarettes have typically been the product with the highest prevalence of use, there remains a significant number of youth that use other products such as e-cigarettes, cigarillos or little cigars (CLCs), cigars, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and hookah. Past research has focused on tobacco cigarette smoking behaviours and has neglected investigating the use of other tobacco and nicotine products. The objectives of this dissertation were (1) to examine the ability of current susceptibility measures to predict the use of other tobacco and nicotine products, (2) to identify latent classes of tobacco and nicotine product use, and (3) to identify latent trajectory groups for the use of each product. Four manuscripts addressed these objectives for six tobacco products (i.e., tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, CLCs, cigars, SLT, and hookah) using longitudinal data from students in Ontario that participated in the COMPASS study from 2013-2016. The first manuscript calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the susceptibility to smoking construct for the use of each tobacco and nicotine product. Results indicated that the sensitivity of the construct was moderate while the specificity was high. The positive predictive value was variable, depending on the prevalence of the product, while the negative predictive value was very high. Similar values were calculated for each measure of the susceptibility construct. The second manuscript identified student-level sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics of non-smoking youth at baseline that used each tobacco and nicotine product one- and two-years later. Given that the first manuscript provided evidence for the predictive validity of the susceptibility construct, this manuscript included susceptibility to future smoking as a predictor in the models. Baseline susceptibility to future smoking was strongly associated with the use of each tobacco product and e-cigarette at one- and two-year follow-up. Additionally, students that had friends that smoked cigarettes or who reported binge drinking at baseline had higher odds of reporting the use of each product at follow-up. The third manuscript identified tobacco and nicotine product use clusters for three consecutive years using latent class analysis. At baseline, a three-class model was identified as best [(1) non-current users; (2) current tobacco cigarette, CLC, and e-cigarette users; (3) current polyproduct users], while a four-class model was identified one-year [(1) non-current users; (2) current e-cigarette users; (3) current dual tobacco cigarette and CLC users; (4) current polyproduct users] and two-years later [(1) non-current users; (2) current dual tobacco cigarette and e-cigarette users; (3) current tobacco cigarette, CLC, cigar, and e-cigarette users; (4) current polyproduct users]. Results of the multinomial regression models indicate that students that reported having friends that smoked cigarettes, binge drinking, and using marijuana were more likely to be classified into a current use class relative to a non-current use class. The final manuscript identified latent trajectory groups for the use of each tobacco and nicotine product using latent trajectory analysis. Given the results of the first two manuscripts, measures of susceptibility to future smoking were included when identifying trajectory groups. Consistent across all products, five groups of users were identified: (1) non-susceptible non-users, (2) non-susceptible puffers, (3) stable low intenders, (4) escalating experimenters, and (5) consistent current users. Across all tobacco and nicotine products, students had the highest probability of remaining in the same group over time, although some transitions in group membership were evident. Results of the multinomial logistic regression models indicate that across all products, students that reported having friends that smoked cigarettes, binge drinking, and using marijuana were more likely to be classified into any other trajectory group relative to the non-susceptible non-users group. Additionally, students that reported a higher school connectedness score and eating breakfast every day in a usual school week were less likely to be classified into any other trajectory group relative to the non-susceptible non-users group. This dissertation fills an important gap with respect to our knowledge of other tobacco and nicotine product use among youth in Canada. The findings of this dissertation have implications for research and practice and highlight the need for inclusive tobacco control programming, particularly with respect to school-level prevention and cessation programs. Given than many youth reported using more than one tobacco or nicotine product and commonly reported binge drinking and using marijuana, multi-substance use programs are needed. In addition, given that students transition into and out of tobacco and nicotine product use throughout secondary school, consistent programming may be needed to discourage the initiation and escalation of tobacco and nicotine product use throughout adolescence.

The Relationship Between Health Literacy, Preventive Health Literacy, and Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Undergraduates

Author : Juliann Stalls
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Health Literacy, Preventive Health Literacy, and Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Undergraduates by : Juliann Stalls

Download or read book The Relationship Between Health Literacy, Preventive Health Literacy, and Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Undergraduates written by Juliann Stalls and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cigarette smoking is among the most detrimental of risky health behaviors and is related to multiple poor health outcomes including development of cancer. It is a complex behavior that is initiated and maintained through multiple factors: individual factors (e.g., psychological factors, stress), environmental factors (e.g., peer smoking behavior, accessibility), structural factors (local, state, and national policy) and sociodemographic factors (economic status and race/ethnicity). One individual factor, health literacy, has not been studied in relation to smoking behavior. In addition, a component of health literacy, preventive health literacy, has been mostly neglected by researchers. This involves one's knowledge of preventive health behaviors, risk perception of disease development, the belief in one's ability to make use of that knowledge and risk information to make good health behavior decisions (i.e., self-efficacy), and the ability to make preventive health actions (i.e., utilize preventive health care services and participate in positive health behaviors). Thus, the purpose of the current study was three-fold: 1) develop a better understanding of levels of health literacy and preventive health literacy, 2) determine if smoking behavior was associated with health literacy and preventive health literacy, and 3) examine the relationship between health literacy and preventive health literacy, among a sample of undergraduate students. The results indicated that health literacy and preventive health literacy as measured by health knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and health action were high among the sample. However, only risk perception and health action significantly contributed to the prediction of smoking status. This finding suggests that smoking cessation programs may benefit from working to address engagement in positive health behaviors and improving risk perception, rather than health knowledge associated with smoking or self-efficacy to quit smoking. Furthermore, the results indicated that preventive health literacy did not offer a clear advantage over health literacy in the prediction of smoking status. These results were discussed and ideas for future clinical and research directions were provided.

A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses

Download A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses by :

Download or read book A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: The association between smoking and depression has been well established, but the nature of the relationship has not been determined. A synthesis of longitudinal studies examining the onset of smoking and depression among adolescents demonstrated consistent evidence of both smoking predicting depression and depression predicting smoking in multiple populations; however, more work is needed to develop and test the mechanisms associated with the onset of the co-occurrence of smoking and depression. This thesis examines the role of a broad range of potential confounders on the relationship between smoking and depression, and investigates a potential mechanism of effect. Method: Analyses were conducted using the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort which included 1293 students initially aged 12-13 years recruited from all grade seven classes in a convenience sample of ten secondary schools in Montreal, Canada surveyed twenty times over five years. Multiple regressions were performed to examine the temporal relationship of potential confounders on the relationship between smoking and depression and to empirically observe variables that could be intermediate on pathways between smoking and depression. A growth curve model was developed to test the effect of perceived self medication on changes in depression scores over time. Results: A concept map of the smoking and depression relationship in the NDIT cohort was developed according to the results of proportional hazard and fixed effect regressions in which friend smoking, stress, and anxiety-associated variables were identified as intermediate variables. Perceived self-medication was associated with decelerated rates of change of depressive symptoms over times, suggesting that smoking may increase mean levels of stress and depressive symptoms, but may offer the perception of control. Conclusion: In concert, this thesis suggests a model in which stress and the perceived control of psychobiological funct.

The Relationship Between Schools, Friends and Smoking Initiation in Elementary School Students [electronic Resource]

Author : Atkinson, Christina
Publisher : University of Waterloo
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (715 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Schools, Friends and Smoking Initiation in Elementary School Students [electronic Resource] by : Atkinson, Christina

Download or read book The Relationship Between Schools, Friends and Smoking Initiation in Elementary School Students [electronic Resource] written by Atkinson, Christina and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2005 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking rates among senior students have been related to smoking initiation in younger students. Opportunities to select smoking friends may be one explanation, however our understanding of this process has been limited by cross-sectional designs. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine whether senior student smoking rates a) predict smoking initiation in younger elementary school students, controlling for individual exposure to family and friends who smoke and b) are related to the selection of smoking friends, increasing risk of smoking initiation as a result. This study involved secondary data analysis of 2798 students from 84 Ontario elementary schools involved with the Third Waterloo Smoking Prevention Project (WSPP3). Grade 8 students completed a questionnaire at baseline to obtain the percentage of senior students who smoke in each school. Students in grade 6 completed a similar questionnaire at baseline, and were surveyed again in grades 7 and 8. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine school and individual characteristics simultaneously. Each 5% increase in the senior student smoking rate at a school increased the risk that a non-smoking grade 6 student would try smoking more than once by grade 8 (OR 1.05) and that a non-smoking grade 6 student with no smoking friends would gain a smoking friend by grade 7 (OR 1.10). Students who remained non-smokers in grade 7 but gained a smoking friend were more likely to try smoking more than once by grade 8 (OR 4.31). In schools where a high proportion of senior students smoked, younger students were more likely to initiate smoking, and gain a smoking friend. Anti-smoking policies and interventions may be more urgently required in these schools to lower senior student smoking rates and reduce initiation among younger students. Tailoring the intensity and content of programs to match the needs of schools is one way to potentially maximize effectiveness.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Predicting and Changing Behavior

Author : Martin Fishbein
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136874739
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Predicting and Changing Behavior by : Martin Fishbein

Download or read book Predicting and Changing Behavior written by Martin Fishbein and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the reasoned action approach, an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior. It provides an up-to-date review of relevant research, discusses critical issues related to the reasoned action framework, and provides methodological and conceptual tools for the prediction and explanation of social behavior and for designing behavior change interventions.

Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy

Author : Kelly-Ann Allen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000363090
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy by : Kelly-Ann Allen

Download or read book Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy written by Kelly-Ann Allen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy: Adaptable Policy for Teachers and School Leaders provides an extensive set of free-to-use policies for building better schools. The policies included in this book cover a broad range of popular topics for schools that are not readily accessible, and each policy is built on theory, driven by research, and created by experts. Each policy is based on substantial evidence, and this is ensured through the inclusion of contributors who are active and highly reputable in their respective field. Most schools are obliged to write and maintain policy, and not all school leaders have the required skills, time, or expertise to do this effectively. Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy: Adaptable Policy for Teachers and School Leaders is a time-saving resource for schools. It aims to address the reported research-to-practice gap in education by delivering accessible evidence-based practice in a ready-to-use adaptable format. All policies within this book are designed to be adapted and tailored to the unique diversity and needs of each school as reflected by the context and the people that make up the school community. This book is relevant to every person who works in a school – worldwide. Users of this book can rest assured that each policy has been carefully formulated from the current understandings of best practice. This is a practical innovation and an example of how schools can use research evidence in their day-to-day practices. "The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."

Effect of Internet and Conventional Advertisement Exposure on Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents

Author : Rebecca Wai-Chee Leung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Effect of Internet and Conventional Advertisement Exposure on Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents by : Rebecca Wai-Chee Leung

Download or read book Effect of Internet and Conventional Advertisement Exposure on Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adolescents written by Rebecca Wai-Chee Leung and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically among American adolescents since 2011 and has become a major public health concern. About 2.4 million middle and high students were current (past 30 days) users of electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes in 2014 (CDC, 2017a). Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may be a contributing factor to the sharp rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents, as 69% of middle and high school students reported to have exposure to e-cigarette advertisements on the Internet, in convenience stores, in magazine or newspapers, and on television (CDC, 2017a). Purpose: To examine the impact of Internet and conventional advertisement exposure on use of e-cigarettes among American adolescents. To investigate the individual, interpersonal, community and policy factors associated with e-cigarette use. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of data originating from the 2017 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). This database is an annual, school-based, cross-sectional survey that collects information on major tobacco use indicators from middle school (grade 6-8) to high school (from grade 9 to 12) students. Results: Out of the 17,872 adolescents included in the analysis, most participants were White (44.1%). A sample of racial and ethnic minority youths also participated: 25.8% Hispanic, 16.7% African American, and 10.9% other. Approximately 20% of the youths in the study reported e-cigarette use. The relationships between e-cigarette use and current cigarette smoking status, age, race, grade in school, perceived harmfulness, perceived addictiveness, presence of tobacco user in household, Internet advertisement exposure, access to tobacco products and warning label exposure were all significant (p

Digital and Social Media Marketing

Author : Nripendra P. Rana
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030243745
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital and Social Media Marketing by : Nripendra P. Rana

Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.