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Author : Lee Roy Kellam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book An Analysis of Proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem written by Lee Roy Kellam and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eli Maor
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691196885
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book The Pythagorean Theorem written by Eli Maor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontmatter --Contents --List of Color Plates --Preface --Prologue: Cambridge, England, 1993 --1. Mesopotamia, 1800 BCE --Sidebar 1: Did the Egyptians Know It? --2. Pythagoras --3. Euclid's Elements --Sidebar 2: The Pythagorean Theorem in Art, Poetry, and Prose --4. Archimedes --5. Translators and Commentators, 500-1500 CE --6. François Viète Makes History --7. From the Infinite to the Infinitesimal --Sidebar 3: A Remarkable Formula by Euler --8. 371 Proofs, and Then Some --Sidebar 4: The Folding Bag --Sidebar 5: Einstein Meets Pythagoras --Sidebar 6: A Most Unusual Proof --9. A Theme and Variations --Sidebar 7: A Pythagorean Curiosity --Sidebar 8: A Case of Overuse --10. Strange Coordinates --11. Notation, Notation, Notation --12. From Flat Space to Curved Spacetime --Sidebar 9: A Case of Misuse --13. Prelude to Relativity --14. From Bern to Berlin, 1905-1915 --Sidebar 10: Four Pythagorean Brainteasers --15. But Is It Universal? --16. Afterthoughts --Epilogue: Samos, 2005 --Appendixes --Chronology --Bibliography --Illustrations Credits --Index.
Author : Euclid
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Euclid's Elements written by Euclid and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book includes introductions, terminology and biographical notes, bibliography, and an index and glossary" --from book jacket.
Author : Robert Hahn
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438464916
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)
Download or read book The Metaphysics of the Pythagorean Theorem written by Robert Hahn and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together geometry and philosophy, this book undertakes a strikingly original study of the origins and significance of the Pythagorean theorem. Thales, whom Aristotle called the first philosopher and who was an older contemporary of Pythagoras, posited the principle of a unity from which all things come, and back into which they return upon dissolution. He held that all appearances are only alterations of this basic unity and there can be no change in the cosmos. Such an account requires some fundamental geometric figure out of which appearances are structured. Robert Hahn argues that Thales came to the conclusion that it was the right triangle: by recombination and repackaging, all alterations can be explained from that figure. This idea is central to what the discovery of the Pythagorean theorem could have meant to Thales and Pythagoras in the sixth century BCE. With more than two hundred illustrations and figures, Hahn provides a series of geometric proofs for this lost narrative, tracing it from Thales to Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans who followed, and then finally to Plato's Timaeus. Uncovering the philosophical motivation behind the discovery of the theorem, Hahn's book will enrich the study of ancient philosophy and mathematics alike.
Author : Merle A. Barlow
Publisher : WestBow Press
ISBN 13 : 9781512727548
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (275 download)
Download or read book The Pythagorean Theorem written by Merle A. Barlow and published by WestBow Press. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pythagoras, a famous Greek scholar, sathematician, and philosopher, formulated a proof for a theorem that is named for him-the Pythagorean theorem. This theorem states that in any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The Pythagorean theorem for right-angled triangles likely was known long before the time of Pythagoras. It was probably used by the ancient Egyptians to construct the pyramids. The theorem is quite believable without rigorous proof to anyone willing to expend a modest effort in some experimentation. One method is to draw a number of right-angled triangles in as wide a variety as practicable and measure all of the sides. It will be determined that, for each triangle drawn, the square of the length of the side opposite the right angle is about equal to the sum of the lengths of the squares of the other two sides. Another method requires the availability of a balance. For this more interesting experiment, construct a right-angled triangle and a square on each side using a piece of sheet metal or cardboard. Then cut out the three squares and weigh them on the balance. The square on the hypotenuse should balance the other two. Contained within this book are some rigorous proofs and some interesting perspectives regarding right angles and right-angled triangles. Doubtless, this theorem is one of the most useful concepts in mathematics.
Author : Elisha Scott Loomis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Pythagorean Proposition written by Elisha Scott Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Erich Christian Wittmann
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030615707
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Connecting Mathematics and Mathematics Education written by Erich Christian Wittmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book features a selection of articles written by Erich Ch. Wittmann between 1984 to 2019, which shows how the “design science conception” has been continuously developed over a number of decades. The articles not only describe this conception in general terms, but also demonstrate various substantial learning environments that serve as typical examples. In terms of teacher education, the book provides clear information on how to combine (well-understood) mathematics and methods courses to benefit of teachers. The role of mathematics in mathematics education is often explicitly and implicitly reduced to the delivery of subject matter that then has to be selected and made palpable for students using methods imported from psychology, sociology, educational research and related disciplines. While these fields have made significant contributions to mathematics education in recent decades, it cannot be ignored that mathematics itself, if well understood, provides essential knowledge for teaching mathematics beyond the pure delivery of subject matter. For this purpose, mathematics has to be conceived of as an organism that is deeply rooted in elementary operations of the human mind, which can be seamlessly developed to higher and higher levels so that the full richness of problems of various degrees of difficulty, and different means of representation, problem-solving strategies, and forms of proof can be used in ways that are appropriate for the respective level. This view of mathematics is essential for designing learning environments and curricula, for conducting empirical studies on truly mathematical processes and also for implementing the findings of mathematics education in teacher education, where it is crucial to take systemic constraints into account.
Author : Paul Nahin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400833469
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Mrs. Perkins's Electric Quilt written by Paul Nahin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incomparable collection of stimulating math puzzles from bestselling author Paul Nahin What does quilting have to do with electric circuit theory? The answer is just one of the fascinating ways that best-selling popular math writer Paul Nahin illustrates the deep interplay of math and physics in the world around us in his latest book of challenging mathematical puzzles, Mrs. Perkins's Electric Quilt. With his trademark combination of intriguing mathematical problems and the historical anecdotes surrounding them, Nahin invites readers on an exciting and informative exploration of some of the many ways math and physics combine to create something vastly more powerful, useful, and interesting than either is by itself. In a series of brief and largely self-contained chapters, Nahin discusses a wide range of topics in which math and physics are mutually dependent and mutually illuminating, from Newtonian gravity and Newton's laws of mechanics to ballistics, air drag, and electricity. The mathematical subjects range from algebra, trigonometry, geometry, and calculus to differential equations, Fourier series, and theoretical and Monte Carlo probability. Each chapter includes problems—some three dozen in all—that challenge readers to try their hand at applying what they have learned. Just as in his other books of mathematical puzzles, Nahin discusses the historical background of each problem, gives many examples, includes MATLAB codes, and provides complete and detailed solutions at the end. Mrs. Perkins's Electric Quilt will appeal to students interested in new math and physics applications, teachers looking for unusual examples to use in class—and anyone who enjoys popular math books.
Author : Alfred S. Posamentier
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1616143215
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (161 download)
Download or read book The Pythagorean Theorem written by Alfred S. Posamentier and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pythagorean theorem may be the best-known equation in mathematics. Its origins reach back to the beginnings of civilization, and today every student continues to study it. What most nonmathematicians don''t understand or appreciate is why this simply stated theorem has fascinated countless generations. In this entertaining and informative book, a veteran math educator makes the importance of the Pythagorean theorem delightfully clear.He begins with a brief history of Pythagoras and the early use of his theorem by the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Indians, and Chinese, who used it intuitively long before Pythagoras''s name was attached to it. He then shows the many ingenious ways in which the theorem has been proved visually using highly imaginative diagrams. Some of these go back to ancient mathematicians; others are comparatively recent proofs, including one by the twentieth president of the United States, James A. Garfield. After demonstrating some curious applications of the theorem, the author then explores the Pythagorean triples, pointing out the many hidden surprises of the three numbers that can represent the sides of the right triangle (e.g, 3, 4, 5 and 5, 12, 13). And many will truly amaze the reader. He then turns to the "Pythagorean means" (the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means). By comparing their magnitudes in a variety of ways, he gives the reader a true appreciation for these mathematical concepts. The final two chapters view the Pythagorean theorem from an artistic point of view - namely, how Pythagoras''s work manifests itself in music and how the Pythagorean theorem can influence fractals. The author''s lucid presentation and gift for conveying the significance of this key equation to those with little math background will inform, entertain, and inspire the reader, once again demonstrating the power and beauty of mathematics!
Author : John W. Dawson, Jr.
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3319173685
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Why Prove it Again? written by John W. Dawson, Jr. and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph considers several well-known mathematical theorems and asks the question, “Why prove it again?” while examining alternative proofs. It explores the different rationales mathematicians may have for pursuing and presenting new proofs of previously established results, as well as how they judge whether two proofs of a given result are different. While a number of books have examined alternative proofs of individual theorems, this is the first that presents comparative case studies of other methods for a variety of different theorems. The author begins by laying out the criteria for distinguishing among proofs and enumerates reasons why new proofs have, for so long, played a prominent role in mathematical practice. He then outlines various purposes that alternative proofs may serve. Each chapter that follows provides a detailed case study of alternative proofs for particular theorems, including the Pythagorean Theorem, the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Desargues’ Theorem, the Prime Number Theorem, and the proof of the irreducibility of cyclotomic polynomials. Why Prove It Again? will appeal to a broad range of readers, including historians and philosophers of mathematics, students, and practicing mathematicians. Additionally, teachers will find it to be a useful source of alternative methods of presenting material to their students.
Author : Ramin Takloo-Bighash
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030026043
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book A Pythagorean Introduction to Number Theory written by Ramin Takloo-Bighash and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Right triangles are at the heart of this textbook’s vibrant new approach to elementary number theory. Inspired by the familiar Pythagorean theorem, the author invites the reader to ask natural arithmetic questions about right triangles, then proceeds to develop the theory needed to respond. Throughout, students are encouraged to engage with the material by posing questions, working through exercises, using technology, and learning about the broader context in which ideas developed. Progressing from the fundamentals of number theory through to Gauss sums and quadratic reciprocity, the first part of this text presents an innovative first course in elementary number theory. The advanced topics that follow, such as counting lattice points and the four squares theorem, offer a variety of options for extension, or a higher-level course; the breadth and modularity of the later material is ideal for creating a senior capstone course. Numerous exercises are included throughout, many of which are designed for SageMath. By involving students in the active process of inquiry and investigation, this textbook imbues the foundations of number theory with insights into the lively mathematical process that continues to advance the field today. Experience writing proofs is the only formal prerequisite for the book, while a background in basic real analysis will enrich the reader’s appreciation of the final chapters.
Author : John Stillwell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691196419
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Reverse Mathematics written by John Stillwell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents reverse mathematics to a general mathematical audience for the first time. Stillwell gives a representative view of this field, emphasizing basic analysis--finding the "right axioms" to prove fundamental theorems--and giving a novel approach to logic. to logic.
Author : Shang-Ching Chou
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810215842
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (158 download)
Download or read book Machine Proofs in Geometry written by Shang-Ching Chou and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports recent major advances in automated reasoning in geometry. The authors have developed a method and implemented a computer program which, for the first time, produces short and readable proofs for hundreds of geometry theorems.The book begins with chapters introducing the method at an elementary level, which are accessible to high school students; latter chapters concentrate on the main theme: the algorithms and computer implementation of the method.This book brings researchers in artificial intelligence, computer science and mathematics to a new research frontier of automated geometry reasoning. In addition, it can be used as a supplementary geometry textbook for students, teachers and geometers. By presenting a systematic way of proving geometry theorems, it makes the learning and teaching of geometry easier and may change the way of geometry education.
Author : Martin Aigner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662223430
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (622 download)
Download or read book Proofs from THE BOOK written by Martin Aigner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such "perfect proofs," those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics.
Author : Richard H. Hammack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780989472111
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)
Download or read book Book of Proof written by Richard H. Hammack and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the language and standard proof methods of mathematics. It is a bridge from the computational courses (such as calculus or differential equations) that students typically encounter in their first year of college to a more abstract outlook. It lays a foundation for more theoretical courses such as topology, analysis and abstract algebra. Although it may be more meaningful to the student who has had some calculus, there is really no prerequisite other than a measure of mathematical maturity.
Author : Joseph L. Taylor
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821889842
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Foundations of Analysis written by Joseph L. Taylor and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2012 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Analysis has two main goals. The first is to develop in students the mathematical maturity and sophistication they will need as they move through the upper division curriculum. The second is to present a rigorous development of both single and several variable calculus, beginning with a study of the properties of the real number system. The presentation is both thorough and concise, with simple, straightforward explanations. The exercises differ widely in level of abstraction and level of difficulty. They vary from the simple to the quite difficult and from the computational to the theoretical. Each section contains a number of examples designed to illustrate the material in the section and to teach students how to approach the exercises for that section. --Book cover.
Author : Benjamin Fine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461219280
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra written by Benjamin Fine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental theorem of algebra states that any complex polynomial must have a complex root. This book examines three pairs of proofs of the theorem from three different areas of mathematics: abstract algebra, complex analysis and topology. The first proof in each pair is fairly straightforward and depends only on what could be considered elementary mathematics. However, each of these first proofs leads to more general results from which the fundamental theorem can be deduced as a direct consequence. These general results constitute the second proof in each pair. To arrive at each of the proofs, enough of the general theory of each relevant area is developed to understand the proof. In addition to the proofs and techniques themselves, many applications such as the insolvability of the quintic and the transcendence of e and pi are presented. Finally, a series of appendices give six additional proofs including a version of Gauss'original first proof. The book is intended for junior/senior level undergraduate mathematics students or first year graduate students, and would make an ideal "capstone" course in mathematics.
