An Analysis Of Edmund Gettiers Is Justified True Belief Knowledge

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An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

Author : Jason Schukraft
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351352385
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? by : Jason Schukraft

Download or read book An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? written by Jason Schukraft and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 2,000 years, the standard philosophical model of knowledge was that it could be defined as a justified true belief. According to this way of thinking, we can know, for example, that we are human because [1] we believe ourselves to be human; [2] that belief is justified (others treat us as humans, not as dogs); and [3] the belief is true. This definition, which dates to Plato, was challenged by Edmund Gettier in one of the most influential works of philosophy published in the last century – a three page paper that produced two clear examples of justified true beliefs that could not, in fact, be considered knowledge. Gettier's achievement rests on solid foundations provided by his mastery of the critical thinking skill of analysis. By understanding the way in which Plato – and every other epistemologist – had built their arguments, he was able to identify the relationships between the parts, and the assumptions that underpinned then. That precise understanding was what Gettier required to mount a convincing challenge to the theory – one that was bolstered by a reasoning skill that put his counter case pithily, and in a form his colleagues found all but unchallengeable.

Knowledge and the Gettier Problem

Author : Stephen Cade Hetherington
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107149568
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge and the Gettier Problem by : Stephen Cade Hetherington

Download or read book Knowledge and the Gettier Problem written by Stephen Cade Hetherington and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enriches our understanding of knowledge and Gettier's challenge, stimulating debate on a central epistemological issue.

An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

Author : Jason Schukraft
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351350595
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? by : Jason Schukraft

Download or read book An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? written by Jason Schukraft and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 2,000 years, the standard philosophical model of knowledge was that it could be defined as a justified true belief. According to this way of thinking, we can know, for example, that we are human because [1] we believe ourselves to be human; [2] that belief is justified (others treat us as humans, not as dogs); and [3] the belief is true. This definition, which dates to Plato, was challenged by Edmund Gettier in one of the most influential works of philosophy published in the last century – a three page paper that produced two clear examples of justified true beliefs that could not, in fact, be considered knowledge. Gettier's achievement rests on solid foundations provided by his mastery of the critical thinking skill of analysis. By understanding the way in which Plato – and every other epistemologist – had built their arguments, he was able to identify the relationships between the parts, and the assumptions that underpinned then. That precise understanding was what Gettier required to mount a convincing challenge to the theory – one that was bolstered by a reasoning skill that put his counter case pithily, and in a form his colleagues found all but unchallengeable.

Knowledge

Author : Jennifer Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019966126X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge by : Jennifer Nagel

Download or read book Knowledge written by Jennifer Nagel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is knowledge? Is it the same as opinion or truth? Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it? How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream? Questions like these have existed since ancient times, and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years. In this thought-provoking Very Short Introduction, Jennifer Nagel considers the central problems and paradoxes in the theory of knowledge and draws attention to the ways in which philosophers and theorists have responded to them. By exploring the relationship between knowledge and truth, and considering the problem of scepticism, Nagel introduces a series of influential historical and contemporary theories of knowledge, incorporating methods from logic, linguistics, and psychology, using a number of everyday examples to demonstrate the key issues and debates. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Epistemic Luck

Author : Duncan Pritchard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019928038X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Luck by : Duncan Pritchard

Download or read book Epistemic Luck written by Duncan Pritchard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a philosophical examination of the concept of luck and its relationship to knowledge, this text demonstrates how a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between knowledge and luck can enable us to see past some of the most intractable disputes in the contemporary theory of knowledge.

Epistemology for the Rest of the World

Author : Stephen Stich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190865091
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology for the Rest of the World by : Stephen Stich

Download or read book Epistemology for the Rest of the World written by Stephen Stich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the heyday of ordinary language philosophy, Anglophone epistemologists have devoted a great deal of attention to the English word 'know' and to English sentences used to attribute knowledge. Even today, many epistemologists, including contextualists and subject-sensitive invariantists are concerned with the truth conditions of "S knows that p," or the proposition it expresses. In all of this literature, the method of cases is used, where a situation is described in English, and then philosophers judge whether it is true that S knows that p, or whether saying "S knows that p" is false, deviant, etc. in that situation. However, English is just one of over 6000 languages spoken around the world, and is the native language of less than 6% of the world's population. When Western epistemology first emerged, in ancient Greece, English did not even exist. So why should we think that facts about the English word "know," the concept it expresses, or subtle semantic properties of "S knows that p" have important implications for epistemology? Are the properties of the English word "know" and the English sentence 'S knows that p' shared by their translations in most or all languages? If that turned out to be true, it would be a remarkable fact that cries out for an explanation. But if it turned out to be false, what are the implications for epistemology? Should epistemologists study knowledge attributions in languages other than English with the same diligence they have shown for the study of English knowledge attributions? If not, why not? In what ways do the concepts expressed by 'know' and its counterparts in different languages differ? And what should epistemologists make of all this? The papers collected here discuss these questions and related issues, and aim to contribute to this important topic and epistemology in general.

Epistemology: Edmund Gettier, 'Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?', Analysis, 1963, 23, 121-3

Author : Ram Neta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology: Edmund Gettier, 'Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?', Analysis, 1963, 23, 121-3 by : Ram Neta

Download or read book Epistemology: Edmund Gettier, 'Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?', Analysis, 1963, 23, 121-3 written by Ram Neta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For those working in Epistemology dizzying questions such as the following arise: - When are beliefs rational, or justified? - How should we update our beliefs in the light of new evidence? - Is it possible to gain knowledge, or justification? - How do we know what we know, and why do we care about whether--and what--others know? - How can the exploration of pre-Socratic philosophical questions about knowledge assist with the design of twenty-first-century computer interfaces? Addressing the need for an authoritative and comprehensive reference work to enable users to answer these and other questions, and to make sense of--and to navigate around--an ever more complex corpus of scholarly literature, Epistemology is a new title in Routledge's acclaimed Critical Concepts in Philosophy series. Edited by Ram Neta, it is a four-volume collection which brings together foundational and the very best cutting-edge scholarship in a unique one-stop 'mini library'. Supplemented with a full index, and including an introduction to each volume, newly written by the editor, which places the assembled materials in their historical and intellectual context, Epistemology is destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital research resource"--

Justification Logic

Author : Sergei Artemov
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108424910
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Justification Logic by : Sergei Artemov

Download or read book Justification Logic written by Sergei Artemov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops a new logic paradigm which emphasizes evidence tracking, including theory, connections to other fields, and sample applications.

Justification and Knowledge

Author : G. S. Pappas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400994931
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Justification and Knowledge by : G. S. Pappas

Download or read book Justification and Knowledge written by G. S. Pappas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With one exception, all of the papers in this volume were originally presented at a conference held in April, 1978, at The Ohio State University. The excep tion is the paper by Wilfrid Sellars, which is a revised version of a paper he originally published in the Journal of Philosophy, 1973. However, the present version of Sellars' paper is so thoroughly changed from its original, that it is now virtually a new paper. None of the other nine papers has been published previously. The bibliography, prepared by Nancy Kelsik, is very extensive and it is tempting to think that it is complete. But I believe that virtual com pleteness is more likely to prove correct. The conference was made possible by grants from the College of Human ities and the Graduate School, Ohio State University, as well as by a grant from the Philosophy Department. On behalf of the contributors, I want to thank these institutions for their support. I also want to thank Marshall Swain and Robert Turnbu~l for early help and encouragement; Bette Hellinger for assistance in setting up the confer ence; and Mary Raines and Virginia Foster for considerable aid in the pre paration of papers and many other conference matters. The friendly advice of the late James Cornman was also importantly helpful. April,1979 GEORGE S. PAPPAS ix INTRODUCTION The papers in this volume deal in different ways with the related issues of epistemic justification or warrant, and the analysis of factual knowledge.

When is True Belief Knowledge?

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691154724
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis When is True Belief Knowledge? by : Richard Foley

Download or read book When is True Belief Knowledge? written by Richard Foley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A woman glances at a broken clock and comes to believe it is a quarter past seven. Yet, despite the broken clock, it really does happen to be a quarter past seven. Her belief is true, but it isn't knowledge. This is a classic illustration of a central problem in epistemology: determining what knowledge requires in addition to true belief. In this provocative book, Richard Foley finds a new solution to the problem in the observation that whenever someone has a true belief but not knowledge, there is some significant aspect of the situation about which she lacks true beliefs--something important that she doesn't quite "get." This may seem a modest point but, as Foley shows, it has the potential to reorient the theory of knowledge. Whether a true belief counts as knowledge depends on the importance of the information one does or doesn't have. This means that questions of knowledge cannot be separated from questions about human concerns and values. It also means that, contrary to what is often thought, there is no privileged way of coming to know. Knowledge is a mutt. Proper pedigree is not required. What matters is that one doesn't lack important nearby information. Challenging some of the central assumptions of contemporary epistemology, this is an original and important account of knowledge.

An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge

Author : Noah Lemos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521842136
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge by : Noah Lemos

Download or read book An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge written by Noah Lemos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemology or the theory of knowledge is one of the cornerstones of analytic philosophy, and this book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the subject. It discusses some of the main theories of justification, including foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism, and virtue epistemology. Other topics include the Gettier problem, internalism and externalism, skepticism, the problem of epistemic circularity, the problem of the criterion, a priori knowledge, and naturalized epistemology. Intended primarily for students taking a first class in epistemology, this lucid and well-written text would also provide an excellent introduction for anyone interested in knowing more about this important area of philosophy.

Theory of Knowledge

Author : Keith Lehrer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135196095
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Knowledge by : Keith Lehrer

Download or read book Theory of Knowledge written by Keith Lehrer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important new text, Keith Lehrer introduces students to the major traditional and contemporary accounts of knowing. Beginning with the accepted definition of knowledge as justified true belief, Lehrer explores the truth, belief and justification conditions on the way to a thorough examination of foundation theories of knowledge, externalism and naturalized epistemologies, internalism and modern coherence theories as well as recent reliabilist and causal theories. Lehrer gives all views careful examination and concludes that external factors must be matched by appropriate internal ones to yield knowledge. Readers of Professor Lehrer's earlier book Knowledge will want to know that this text adopts the framework of that classic text. But Theory of Knowledge is a completely rewritten and updated version of that book that has been simplified throughout for student use.

Knowledge and Skepticism

Author : Joseph Keim Campbell
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262014084
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge and Skepticism by : Joseph Keim Campbell

Download or read book Knowledge and Skepticism written by Joseph Keim Campbell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-05-21 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New essays by leading philosophers explore topics in epistemology, offering both contemporary philosophical analysis and historical perspectives. There are two main questions in epistemology: What is knowledge? And: Do we have any of it? The first question asks after the nature of a concept; the second involves grappling with the skeptic, who believes that no one knows anything. This collection of original essays addresses the themes of knowledge and skepticism, offering both contemporary epistemological analysis and historical perspectives from leading philosophers and rising scholars. Contributors first consider knowledge: the intrinsic nature of knowledge—in particular, aspects of what distinguishes knowledge from true belief; the extrinsic examination of knowledge, focusing on contextualist accounts; and types of knowledge, specifically perceptual, introspective, and rational knowledge. The final chapters offer various perspectives on skepticism. Knowledge and Skepticism provides an eclectic yet coherent set of essays by distinguished scholars and important new voices. The cutting-edge nature of its contributions and its interdisciplinary character make it a valuable resource for a wide audience—for philosophers of language as well as for epistemologists, and for psychologists, decision theorists, historians, and students at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. Contributors Kent Bach, Joseph Keim Campbell, Joseph Cruz, Fred Dretske, Catherine Z. Elgin, Peter S. Fosl, Peter J. Graham, David Hemp, Michael O'Rourke, George Pappas, John L. Pollock, Duncan Pritchard, Joseph Salerno, Robert J. Stainton, Harry S. Silverstein, Joseph Thomas Tolliver, Leora Weitzman

Philosophical Analysis

Author : D.S. Austin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400929099
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Analysis by : D.S. Austin

Download or read book Philosophical Analysis written by D.S. Austin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytic philosophy is alive and in good health, as this collection of twenty, previously unpublished essays most ably demonstrates. The reader will find here assembled some of the finest writings of modern analytic philosophers at the top of their form. Matthews discusses Plato's attempt to deal with the problem of false belief about identities. Parson evaluates Russell's early theory of denoting phrases. Chisholm exhibits the utility of thirteen epistemic categories. Plantinga criticizes Chisholm's account of justification. Conee argues that solving the Gettier Problem is important, and Ginet proposes a solution to it. Lehrer criticizes an argument based on the simplicity of our belief in material objects and other minds. R. Feldman defends an account of having evidence. F. Feldman defends a propositional account of pleasure. Van Fraassen criticizes Garber's solution to the problem of old evidence. Castañeda investigates the nature of negation. McKay argues that de se analyses of belief do not account for belief de re. Richard argues that no Fregean semantics for belief attribution will succeed. Ryckman suggests that the Millian theory of names has little to do with the theory of belief is no threat to God's omniscience. Dunn investigates constraints imposed on non-classical modal logics by extensionality. Fitch argues that singular propositions perform important functions in modal logic. Jubien evaluates arguments for and against possible worlds. Ratzsch argues that there must be a deeper source of nomicality than ordinary subjunctives, and Stalnaker argues that there is room for determinancy of identity and indeterminacy in reference.

The Inquiring Mind

Author : Jason S. Baehr
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019960407X
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Inquiring Mind by : Jason S. Baehr

Download or read book The Inquiring Mind written by Jason S. Baehr and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jason Baehr presents a new theory of 'responsibilist' or character-based virtue-epistemology -- an approach in which intellectual character traits are given a central and fundamental role. He examines the nature and structure of an intellectual virtue and accounts for the role of reflection on intellectual virtues in epistemology.

Reason and Proper Function

Author : Kelly Fitzsimmons Burton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578526904
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and Proper Function by : Kelly Fitzsimmons Burton

Download or read book Reason and Proper Function written by Kelly Fitzsimmons Burton and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alvin Plantinga, in Warrant: The Current Debate, notes that there is a long history in Anglo-American epistemology that traces back to the classical internalist views of Rene Descartes and John Locke. Internalism is the view that an individual has special access to that quantity or quality that makes true belief into knowledge. This internalism, according to Plantinga, is motivated by deontology - or epistemic duty fulfillment. Closely connected with epistemic deontology is justification. Justification (or what Plantinga prefers to call 'warrant') is that quantity or quality, enough of which makes true belief into knowledge. Plantinga strongly objects to the deontological view of justification, claiming that no amount of duty fulfillment can get us to knowledge. He says justification is neither necessary nor sufficient for warrant. In Warrant: The Current Debate (hereafter WCD) Plantinga examines several versions of internalism - from Classical and Post-Classical Chisholmian internalism, several forms of coherentism, to reliabilism - to show that none of these views get us to that quantity or quality enough of which makes true belief into knowledge. Plantinga rejects all of these views, arguing that what is needed is a view that takes into account the proper function of our cognitive faculties. He then proposes to give a more accurate account of warrant in Warrant and Proper Function (WPF). Plantinga's theory is that a belief is warranted if it is formed by cognitive faculties functioning properly in an appropriate environment and according to a good design plan. The purpose of this book is to examine Plantinga's view of cognitive malfunction in connection with his view of warrant and his rejection of the traditional view of justification. I will argue that the cognitive faculty of reason does not and cannot malfunction in the way that Plantinga either explicitly or implicitly suggests. Consequently Plantinga's criticism of justification does not stand. I argue further that if reason is not subject to malfunction and is thus reliable, the traditional view of justification - having appropriate reasons for belief in conjunction with true belief, possibly with the addition of a fourth condition (the carefulness criterion) - will get us to knowledge.

Introduction to Philosophy

Author : Guy Axtell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781989014264
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Philosophy by : Guy Axtell

Download or read book Introduction to Philosophy written by Guy Axtell and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-26 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology engages first-time philosophy readers on a guided tour through the core concepts, questions, methods, arguments, and theories of epistemology-the branch of philosophy devoted to the study of knowledge. After a brief overview of the field, the book progresses systematically while placing central ideas and thinkers in historical and contemporary context. The chapters cover the analysis of knowledge, the nature of epistemic justification, rationalism vs. empiricism, skepticism, the value of knowledge, the ethics of belief, Bayesian epistemology, social epistemology, and feminist epistemologies. Along the way, instructors and students will encounter a wealth of additional resources and tools: Chapter learning outcomes Key terms Images of philosophers and related art Useful diagrams and tables Boxes containing excerpts and other supplementary material Questions for reflection Suggestions for further reading A glossary For an undergraduate survey epistemology course, Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology is ideal when used as a main text paired with primary sources and scholarly articles. For an introductory philosophy course, select book chapters are best used in combination with chapters from other books in the Introduction to Philosophy series: https: //www1.rebus.community/#/project/4ec7ecce-d2b3-4f20-973c-6b6502e7cbb2.