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An Analysis Of Differential Delayed Mortality Experienced By Stream Type Chinook Salmon Of The Snake River
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Book Synopsis An Analysis of Differential Delayed Mortality Experienced by Stream-Type Chinook Salmon of the Snake River by : Nick Bouwes
Download or read book An Analysis of Differential Delayed Mortality Experienced by Stream-Type Chinook Salmon of the Snake River written by Nick Bouwes and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass transportation of juvenile fish in the lower Snake River was initiated in the late 1970's in an effort to reduce mortality of salmon and steelhead during downstream migration. Fish are transported in barges and trucks to below BON, thereby circumventing direct mortality due to passage through the hydroelectric projects and reservoirs. Measurement of the efficacy of smolt transportation has taken the form of studies of “T/C” (transport/control) ratios. These mark recapture studies measured the smolt-to-adult return rates (SARs) of test fish, which were transported, and control fish which were returned to the river. These studies estimated the relative effectiveness of transportation to improve survival rates of fish from the site where they were collected as juveniles back to (usually) the same site when they returned as adults. Included in this T/C ratio is any differential mortality from the collection point to the end of the hydrosystem (to BON tailrace), as well as any differential mortality from below BON to the adult recapture site(s). Although fish generally appear to survive reasonably well while in the trucks and barges, it is harder to gauge how well transported fish survive below BON, after they are released and continue their life cycle in the estuary and ocean. NMFS suggests there may be partial support for delaying a decision to breach the lower Snake River hydroelectric dams because 'D' estimates, using “improved methods provided by PIT-tag technology”, appears to be high for the recent past (A-Fish). Based on these estimates, NMFS further suggest that “ongoing experiments by NMFS are likely to resolve the uncertainty regarding differential delayed transportation mortality in 5 to 10 years.” Alternatively, the Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses (PATH) analyses include a larger set of T/C studies and stock recruitment data that suggests 'D' is low, which lends support to breaching of the four Snake River dams as the most robust hydro action for recovery of Snake River salmon and steelhead (Marmorek et al. 1998). In this paper, we evaluate the NMFS conclusion that 'D' is now much higher than previously thought (A-Fish), demonstrate the sensitivity of estimates of 'D' to the numerous assumptions required to make an estimate of 'D', clarify and discuss the evidence for and against various interpretations of these assumptions, and discuss the possibility of improving estimates of 'D' in the future. We note that 'D' is not a measurement. Instead, it is an indirect estimate from data and requires numerous assumptions, with many different possible interpretations. In our analysis we evaluate the effect of these different assumptions on 'D' estimates: 1) including and excluding different control and transport groups; 2) using different techniques to expand reach survival rate estimates from a shorter experimental reach to the entire migration corridor; 3) using different approaches to weight cohort reach survival rate estimates to produce seasonal estimates; 4) using different approaches to summarize experimental groups on a daily or on a weekly basis for wild fish only or wild and hatchery fish combined; and finally 5) using different approaches of pooling or averaging estimates across years. In addition, the effects of using alternative tools (passage models) to estimate reach survival rates on 'D' value estimates were evaluated.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :368 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Columbia River Power System by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water
Download or read book Columbia River Power System written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Snake River Basin Differential Delayed Mortality Synthesis by : James Jay Anderson
Download or read book Snake River Basin Differential Delayed Mortality Synthesis written by James Jay Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radio-Tracking Studies of Adult Chinook Salmon and Steelhead to Determine the Effect of ''Zero'' River Flow During Water Storage at Little Goose Dam on the Lower Snake River, Final Report of Research by :
Download or read book Radio-Tracking Studies of Adult Chinook Salmon and Steelhead to Determine the Effect of ''Zero'' River Flow During Water Storage at Little Goose Dam on the Lower Snake River, Final Report of Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allowable instantaneous minimum river flows are established in the Columbia and Snake Rivers to ensure safe passage of anadromous fish during their migration to the spawning grounds. However, water storage during periods of low power demands (at night and on weekends) would be beneficial to the power producers. This storage procedure is called ''zero'' river flow and is now permitted on a limited basis when there are few if any actively migrating anadromous fish present in the river system. Requests were made to extend ''zero'' river flow into periods when anadromous fish were actively migrating and a study was initiated. Radio-tracking studies were conducted on the Snake River between Lower Monumental and Little Goose Dams to determine the effect of ''zero'' river flow on the migration of adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead, Salmo gairdneri. From July through September, 1981, a total of 258 steelhead and 32 chinook salmon were radio-tagged. The rate of migration was used to determine differences between test and control fish and a gamma distribution model was used to describe the migration rate for radio-tagged fish. Estimates of the parameters of the model were used to statistically compare ''zero'' flow and normal river flow conditions for the radio-tagged fish. The results show that the ''zero'' flow condition delays the migration of adult chinook salmon and steelhead; therefore, extended periods of ''zero'' flow to store water are not recommended when fish are actively migrating in the river system. 16 refs., 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Download or read book Pacific Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparative Survival Study (CSS) of Hatchery PIT-tagged Spring/Summer Chinook; Migration Years 1997-2000 Mark/Recapture Activities and Bootstrap Analysis, 2002 Annual Report by : Larry R. Basham
Download or read book Comparative Survival Study (CSS) of Hatchery PIT-tagged Spring/Summer Chinook; Migration Years 1997-2000 Mark/Recapture Activities and Bootstrap Analysis, 2002 Annual Report written by Larry R. Basham and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Comparative Survival Study (CSS) was initiated in 1996 as a multi-year program of the fishery agencies and tribes to estimate survival rates over different life stages for spring and summer chinook (hereafter, chinook) produced in major hatcheries in the Snake River basin and from selected hatcheries in the lower Columbia River. Much of the information evaluated in the CSS is derived from fish tagged with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags. A comparison of survival rates of chinook marked in two different regions (which differ in the number of dams chinook have to migrate through) provides insight into the effects of the Snake/Columbia hydroelectric system (hydrosystem). The CSS also compares the smolt-to-adult survival rates (SARs) for Snake River chinook that were transported versus those that migrated in-river to below Bonneville Dam. Additional comparisons can be made within in-river experiences as well comparison between the different collector projects from which smolts are transported. CSS also compares these survival rates for wild Snake River spring and summer chinook. These comparisons generate information regarding the relative effects of the current management actions used to recover this listed species. Scientists and managers have recently emphasized the importance of delayed hydrosystem mortality to long-term management decisions. Delayed hydrosystem mortality may be related to the smolts experience in the Federal Columbia River Power System, and could occur for both smolts that migrate in-river and smolts that are transported. The CSS PIT tag information on in-river survival rates and smolt-to-adult survival rates (SARs) of transported and in-river fish are relevant to estimation of ''D'', which partially describes delayed hydrosystem mortality. The parameter D is the differential survival rate of transported fish relative to fish that migrate in-river, as measured from below Bonneville Dam to adults returning to Lower Granite Dam. When D = 1, there is no difference in survival rate after hydrosystem passage. When D
Book Synopsis Effects of Hyporheic Exchange Flows on Egg Pocket Water Temperature in Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Areas, 2002-2003 Final Report by :
Download or read book Effects of Hyporheic Exchange Flows on Egg Pocket Water Temperature in Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Areas, 2002-2003 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of the Snake River hydroelectric system has affected fall Chinook salmon smolts by shifting their migration timing to a period (mid- to late-summer) when downstream reservoir conditions are unfavorable for survival. Subsequent to the Snake River Chinook salmon fall-run Evolutionary Significant Unit being listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act, recovery planning has included changes in hydrosystem operations (e.g., summer flow augmentation) to improve water temperature and flow conditions during the juvenile Chinook salmon summer migration period. In light of the limited water supplies from the Dworshak reservoir for summer flow augmentation, and the associated uncertainties regarding benefits to migrating fall Chinook salmon smolts, additional approaches for improved smolt survival need to be evaluated. This report describes research conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) that evaluated relationships among river discharge, hyporheic zone characteristics, and egg pocket water temperature in Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning areas. This was a pilot-scale study to evaluate these relationships under existing operations of Hells Canyon Dam (i.e., without any prescribed manipulations of river discharge) during the 2002-2003 water year. The project was initiated in the context of examining the potential for improving juvenile Snake River fall Chinook salmon survival by modifying the discharge operations of Hells Canyon Dam. The potential for improved survival would be gained by increasing the rate at which early life history events proceed (i.e., incubation and emergence), thereby allowing smolts to migrate through downstream reservoirs during early- to mid-summer when river conditions are more favorable for survival. PNNL implemented this research project at index sites throughout 160 km of the Hells Canyon Reach (HCR) of the Snake River. The HCR extends from Hells Canyon Dam (river kilometer [rkm] 399) downstream to the upper end of Lower Granite Reservoir near rkm 240. We randomly selected 14 fall Chinook salmon spawning locations as study sites, which represents 25% of the most used spawning areas throughout the HCR. Interactions between river water and pore water within the riverbed (i.e., hyporheic zone) at each site were quantified through the use of self-contained temperature and water level data loggers suspended inside of piezometers. Surrounding the piezometer cluster at each site were 3 artificial egg pockets. In mid-November 2002, early-eyed stage fall Chinook salmon eggs were placed inside of perforated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes, along with a temperature data logger, and buried within the egg pockets. Fall Chinook salmon eggs were also incubated in the laboratory for the purpose of developing growth curves that could be used as indicators of emergence timing. The effects of discharge on vertical hydrologic exchange between the river and riverbed were inferred from measured temperature gradients between the river and riverbed, and the application of a numerical model. The hydrologic regime during the 2002-2003 sampling period exhibited one of the lowest, most stable daily discharge patterns of any of the previous 12 water years. The vertical hydraulic gradients (VHG) between the river and the riverbed suggested the potential for predominantly small magnitude vertical exchange. The VHG also showed little relationship to changes in river discharge at most sites. Despite the relatively small vertical hydraulic gradients at most sites, results from the numerical modeling of riverbed pore water velocity and hyporheic zone temperatures suggested that there was significant vertical hydrologic exchange during all time periods. The combined results of temperature monitoring and numerical modeling indicate that only 2 of 14 sites were significantly affected by short-term (hourly to daily) large magnitude changes in discharge. Although the two sites exhibited acute flux reversals between river water and hyporheic water resulting from short-term large magnitude changes in discharge, these flux reversals had minimal effect on emergence timing estimates. Indeed, the emergence timing estimates at all sites were largely unaffected by the changes in river stage resulting from hydropower operations at Hells Canyon Dam. Our results indicate that the range of emergence timing estimates due to differences among the eggs from different females can be as large as or larger than the emergence timing estimates due to site differences (i.e., bed temperatures among sites). We conclude that during the 2002-2003 fall Chinook salmon incubation period, hydropower operations of Hells Canyon Dam had an insignificant effect on fry emergence timing at the study sites.
Book Synopsis Pacific Salmon Life Histories by : Cornelis Groot
Download or read book Pacific Salmon Life Histories written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.
Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Growth Opportunity for Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake and Clearwater Rivers, Idaho by : Katherine E. Gillies-Rector
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Growth Opportunity for Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake and Clearwater Rivers, Idaho written by Katherine E. Gillies-Rector and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the conditions that produce diverse salmonid migration strategies is challenging in a large river network where life history trajectories arise from multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Because early growth is closely linked to migration initiation, identifying the growth conditions experienced by individual fish at a small time scale is crucial. Here, we paired a long-term otolith dataset with a detailed bioenergetic assessment of early growth opportunity in a population of Chinook salmon to identify how growth conditions related to migration initiation. In the Snake river population of fall Chinook salmon, juveniles historically migrated their first summer, but in recent years an overwintering migration strategy has emerged. Using otolith microchemistry and microstructure analysis, we determined that a significant proportion of fish from both the Clearwater and Snake rivers overwinter and migrate the following spring. Notably, Clearwater origin fish that migrated as yearlings performed a larger proportion of their freshwater growth in natal habitat than Snake origin fish. We also found higher growth and consumption during the early growth period for fish originating in the Snake river and downstream reservoir compared to the Clearwater river, by comparing relative growth and consumption using a daily time-step bioenergetics model. The combined bioenergetics and migration analysis demonstrates that while both Snake river and Clearwater origin fish express the overwintering strategy, their relative growth in natal habitats differ. These findings suggest that the yearling migration strategy may arise from different conditions throughout the population, though the net effect is the increasing prevalence of this strategy.
Book Synopsis Migratory Assessment of Spring Chinook Salmon in the Lostine River Using Radio-telemetry Techniques by : James R. Harbeck
Download or read book Migratory Assessment of Spring Chinook Salmon in the Lostine River Using Radio-telemetry Techniques written by James R. Harbeck and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Radio telemetry was used to determine the migration behavior of adult Chinook salmon in the Lostine River during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 return years. The purpose of the study was to assess potential impediments to upstream passage and examine other characteristics of migrating salmon as they moved toward their spawning grounds. One hundred and fifty eight fish were tagged during the course of the study at the Lostine River weir site. One hundred and fifteen of those fish supplied relevant data for assessment. Fixed telemetry sites and stream flows at specific irrigation diversions were monitored during the migration season. Mobile telemetry surveys were also conducted to detect tagged fish between and above fixed sites. The Tulley Hill, Clearwater, Lostine and Sheep Ridge diversions were not complete barriers to migrating salmon during stream flows experienced by fish in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Passage delay was observed in terms of time needed to cross over the structures in all years. Fish were able to pass over the Clearwater Diversion during stream flows as low as 22 cfs in 2010 and required a mean time of 7 hours and 32 minutes to pass over the structure. Fish were able to pass over the Tulley Hill diversion during stream flows as low as 33 cfs in 2011 and 15 cfs in 2012. They required a mean time of 9 hours and 56 minutes to pass over the structure in 2011 and 7 hours and 18 minutes in 2012. Fish arriving at the Lostine Diversion passed the structure during flows as low as 24 cfs in 2011 and 21 cfs in 2012. They required a mean time of 3 hours and 28 minutes and 3 hours and 20 minutes respectively. Fish were able to pass over the Sheep Ridge Diversion during stream flows as low as 37 cfs in 2010, 48 cfs in 2011 and 25 cfs in 2012. The mean duration of upstream passage over the Sheep Ridge Diversion was 29 hours and 21 minutes in 2010, 3 hours and 12 minutes in 2011 and 12 hours in 2012. The majority of tagged fish were able to pass above the diversion structures on the first attempt in all years. Salmon moved upstream during all hours of the day with the exception of the early hours of initial day light. Fish moving upstream of the weir traveled an average of 9.4 km after release. Males tended to migrate further distances than females. Some males and females made extensive "up and down" stream movements. Migration travel rates between reaches were different in all years. Fish moving upstream through the lower reaches of the Lostine River traveled slower than through the upper reaches. Fish arriving at the Lostine River weir during the later part of the run moved faster upstream than earlier arriving fish. Final tag locations did not correspond to typical Lostine spawning locations. The relationship between when a salmon enters the Lostine River and where it eventually spawns is not yet clear."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Idaho Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Idaho Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations of anadromous salmonids in the Snake River basin declined precipitously following the construction of hydroelectric dams in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Raymond (1988) documented a decrease in survival of emigrating steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from the Snake River following the construction of dams on the lower Snake River during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although Raymond documented some improvements in survival through the early 1980s, anadromous populations remained depressed and declined even further during the 1990s (Petrosky et al. 2001; Good et al. 2005). The effect was disastrous for all anadromous salmonid species in the Snake River basin. Coho salmon O. kisutch were extirpated from the Snake River by 1986. Sockeye salmon O. nerka almost disappeared from the system and were declared under extreme risk of extinction by authority of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1991. Chinook salmon were classified as threatened with extinction in 1992. Steelhead trout were also classified as threatened in 1997. Federal management agencies in the basin are required to mitigate for hydroelectric impacts and provide for recovery of all ESA-listed populations. In addition, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) has the long-term goal of preserving naturally reproducing salmon and steelhead populations and recovering them to levels that will provide a sustainable harvest (IDFG 2007). Management to achieve these goals requires an understanding of how salmonid populations function (McElhany et al. 2000) as well as regular status assessments. Key demographic parameters, such as population density, age composition, recruits per spawner, and survival rates must be estimated annually to make such assessments. These data will guide efforts to meet mitigation and recovery goals. The Idaho Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (INPMEP) was developed to provide this information to managers. The Snake River stocks of steelhead and spring/summer Chinook salmon still have significant natural reproduction and thus are the focal species for this project's investigations. The overall goal is to monitor the abundance, productivity, distribution, and stock-specific life history characteristics of naturally produced steelhead trout and Chinook salmon in Idaho (IDFG 2007). We have grouped project tasks into three objectives, as defined in our latest project proposal and most recent statement of work. The purpose of each objective involves enumerating or describing individuals within the various life stages of Snake River anadromous salmonids. By understanding the transitions between life stages and associated controlling factors, we hope to achieve a mechanistic understanding of stock-specific population dynamics. This understanding will improve mitigation and recovery efforts. Objective 1. Measure 2007 adult escapement and describe the age structure of the spawning run of naturally produced spring/summer Chinook salmon passing Lower Granite Dam. Objective 2. Monitor the juvenile production of Chinook salmon and steelhead trout for the major population groups (MPGs) within the Clearwater and Salmon subbasins. Objective 3. Evaluate life cycle survival and the freshwater productivity/production of Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon. There are two components: update/refine a stock-recruit model and estimate aggregate smolt-to-adult survival. In this annual progress report, we present technical results for work done during 2007. Part 2 contains detailed results of INPMEP aging research and estimation of smolt-to-adult return rates for wild and naturally produced Chinook salmon (Objectives 1 and 3). Part 3 is a report on the ongoing development of a stock-recruit model for the freshwater phase of spring/summer Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin (Objective 3). Part 4 is a summary of the parr density data (Objective 2) collected in 2007 using the new site selection procedure. Data are maintained in computer databases housed at the IDFG Nampa Fisheries Research office (described in the Appendix) and are available from the first author. Other project accomplishments during 2007 (e.g., professional presentations) are also summarized in the Appendix.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Salmon and Steelhead Supplementation by : William H. Miller
Download or read book Analysis of Salmon and Steelhead Supplementation written by William H. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Passage Technologies written by and published by Office of Technology Assessment. This book was released on 1995 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lower Snake River Compensation Plan by :
Download or read book Lower Snake River Compensation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout by : Thomas P. Quinn
Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout written by Thomas P. Quinn and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout explains the patterns of mate choice, the competition for nest sites, and the fate of the salmon after their death. It describes the lives of offspring during the months they spend incubating in gravel, growing in fresh water, and migrating out to sea to mature. This thorough, up-to-date survey should be on the shelf of everyone with a professional or personal interest in Pacific salmon and trout. Written in a technically accurate but engaging style, it will appeal to a wide range of readers, including students, anglers, biologists, conservationists, legislators, and armchair naturalists.
Book Synopsis Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters by : National Research Council Canada
Download or read book Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar, in Natural Waters written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, knowledge and research in progress in scientific fields related to natural production of juvenile Atlantic salmon and some other ecologically similar fluvial salmonids is contained in the 25 papers and 12 abstracts contained in this publication, which were prepared for an international symposium held in St. John's, Newfoundland. Studies relate to stream ecology, invertebrates and predators, habitat improvement, competitive effects, behaviour and dispersal, habitat and production of juvenile salmon, population dynamics and relationships of juvenile salmon estimates to smolt yields. A list of participants at the conference is also provided.
