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An Algorithm For Stable And Equitable Coalition Structures With Public Goods
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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice by : Roger D. Congleton
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice written by Roger D. Congleton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This two-volume collection provides a comprehensive overview of the past seventy years of public choice research, written by experts in the fields surveyed. The individual chapters are more than simple surveys, but provide readers with both a sense of the progress made and puzzles that remain. Most are written with upper level undergraduate and graduate students in economics and political science in mind, but many are completely accessible to non-expert readers who are interested in Public Choice research. The two-volume set will be of broad interest to social scientists, policy analysts, and historians"--
Book Synopsis Game Theory and Networks by : Surajit Borkotokey
Download or read book Game Theory and Networks written by Surajit Borkotokey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the consecutively held international conferences on “Game Theory and Networks”, organized by the Department of Mathematics, Dibrugarh University, India, in collaboration with the Economics Department of Queen’s University, Belfast, UK, during September 6–9, 2019 and September, 13–15 2018. The book includes chapters on network measures and network formation, application of network theory to contagion, biological data and finance and macroeconomics as expository articles. The book also contains chapters on fair allocation in the context of queuing, rationing and cooperative games with transferable utilities for engaged researchers. A few survey chapters on non-cooperative game theory, evolutionary game theory, mechanism design and social choice theory are also incorporated to cater to the needs of the beginners in the field. This book discusses the use of game theoretic tools and network models across disciplines: mathematics, statistics, economics, computer science, political science, sociology and psychology. It aims at providing a suitable learning experience to beginners on the basics of cooperative games, networks and mechanism design, as well as recent developments to research scholars having the basic knowledge of these topics.
Book Synopsis Exploiting structure in computationally hard voting problems by : Chen, Jiehua
Download or read book Exploiting structure in computationally hard voting problems written by Chen, Jiehua and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores and exploits structure inherent in voting problems. Some of these structures are found in the preferences of the voters, such as the domain restrictions which have been widely studied in social choice theory [ASS02, ASS10]. Others can be expressed as quantifiable measures (or parameters) of the input, which make them accessible to a parameterized complexity analysis [Cyg+15, DF13, FG06, Nie06]. Accordingly, the thesis deals with two major topics. The first topic revolves around preference structures, e.g. single-crossing or one-dimensional Euclidean structures. It is covered in Chapters 3 to 5. The second topic includes the parameterized complexity analysis of two computationally hard voting problems, making use of some of the structural properties studied in the first part of the thesis. It also investigates questions on the computational complexity, both classical and parameterized, of several voting problems for two widely used parliamentary voting rules. It is covered in Chapters 6 to 8. In Chapter 3, we study the single-crossing property which describes a natural order of the voters such that for each pair of alternatives, there are at most two consecutive voters along this order which differ in their relative ordering of the two alternatives. We find finitely many forbidden subprofiles whose absence from a profile is necessary and sufficient for the existence of single-crossingness. Using this result, we can detect single-crossingness without probing every possible order of the voters. We also present an algorithm for the detection of single-crossingness in O(nm2) time via PQ trees [BL76], where n denotes the number of voters and m the number of alternatives. In Chapter 4, we study the one-dimensional Euclidean property which describes an embedding of the alternatives and voters into the real numbers such that every voter prefers alternatives that are embedded closer to him to those which are embedded farther away. We show that, contrary to our results for the single-crossing property, finitely many forbidden subprofiles are not sufficient to characterize the one-dimensional Euclidean property. In Chapter 5, we study the computational question of achieving a certain property, as for instance single-crossingness, by deleting the fewest number of either alternatives or voters. We show that while achieving single-crossingness by deleting the fewest number of voters can be done in polynomial time, it is NP-hard to achieve this if we delete alternatives instead. Both problem variants are NP-hard for the remaining popular properties, such as single-crossingness or value-restriction. All these problems are trivially fixed-parameter tractable for the parameter “number of alternatives to delete” (resp. “number of voters to delete”) because for each studied property there are finitely many forbidden subprofiles whose removal makes a profile possess this property. In Chapter 6, we introduce a combinatorial variant of CONTROL BY ADDING VOTERS. In CONTROL BY ADDING VOTERS as introduced by Bartholdi III, Tovey, and Trick [BTT92], there is a set of unregistered voters (with known preference orders), and the goal is to add the fewest number of unregistered voters to a given profile such that a specific alternative wins. In our new model, we additionally assume that adding a voter means also adding a bundle (that is, a subset) of other voters for free. We focus on two prominent voting rules, the plurality rule and the Condorcet rule. Our problem turns out to be extremely hard; it is NP-hard for even two alternatives. We identify different parameters arising from the combinatorial model and obtain an almost complete picture of the parameterized complexity landscape. For the case where the bundles of voters have a certain structure, our problem remains hard for single-peaked preferences, while it is polynomial-time solvable for single-crossing preferences. In Chapter 7, we investigate how different natural parameters and price function families influence the computational complexity of SHIFT BRIBERY [EFS09], which asks whether it is possible to make a specific alternative win by shifting it higher in the preference orders of some voters. Each shift has a price, and the goal is not to exceed the budget. We obtain both fixed-parameter tractability and parameterized intractability results. We also study the optimization variant of SHIFT BRIBERY which seeks to minimize the budget spent, and present an approximation algorithm which approximates the budget within a factor of (1 + epsilon) and has a running time whose super-polynomial part depends only on the approximation parameter epsilon and the parameter “number of voters”. In Chapter 8, we turn our focus to two prominent parliamentary voting rules, the successive rule and the amendment rule. Both rules proceed according to a linear order of the alternatives, called the agenda. We investigate MANIPULATION (which asks to add the fewest number of voters with arbitrary preference orders to make a specific alternative win), AGENDA CONTROL (which asks to design an appropriate agenda for a specific alternative to win), and POSSIBLE/NECESSARY WINNER (which asks whether a specific alternative wins in a/every completion of the profile and the agenda). We show that while MANIPULATION and AGENDA CONTROL are polynomial-time solvable for both rules, our real-world experimental results indicate that most profiles cannot be manipulated by only few voters, and that a successful agenda control is typically impossible. POSSIBLE WINNER is NP-hard for both rules. While NECESSARY WINNER is coNP-hard for the amendment rule, it is polynomial-time solvable for the successive rule. All considered computationally hard voting problems are fixed-parameter tractable for the parameter “number of alternatives”. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Wahlproblemen und den darin auftretenden Strukturen. Einige dieser Strukturen finden sich in den Wählerpräferenzen,wie zum Beispiel die in der Sozialwahltheorie (engl. social choice theory) intensiv erforschten domain restrictions [ASS02, ASS10], wo die Wählerpräferenzen eine bestimmte eingeschränkte Struktur haben. Andere Strukturen lassen sich wiederum mittels Problemparametern quantitativ ausdrücken, was sie einer parametrisierten Komplexitätsanalyse zugänglich macht [Cyg+15, DF13, FG06, Nie06]. Dieser Zweiteilung folgend ist die Arbeit in zwei Themengebiete untergliedert. Das erste Gebiet beinhaltet Betrachtungen zu Strukturen in Wählerpräferenzen, wie z. B. Single-Crossing-Strukturen oder eindimensionale euklidische Strukturen. Es wird in den Kapiteln 3 bis 5 abgehandelt. Das zweite Themengebiet umfasst die parametrisierte Komplexitätsanalyse zweier NP-schwerer Wahlprobleme, wobei die neu gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu den im ersten Teil der Arbeit untersuchten Strukturen verwendet werden. Es beschäftigt sich außerdem mit Fragen sowohl zur klassischen als auch zur parametrisierten Komplexität mehrerer Wahlprobleme für zwei in der Praxis weit verbreitete parlamentarische Wahlverfahren. Dieser Teil der Arbeit erstreckt sich über die Kapitel 6 bis 8. Kapitel 3 untersucht die Single-Crossing-Eigenschaft. Diese beschreibt eine Anordnung der Wähler, bei der es für jedes Paar von Alternativen höchstens zwei aufeinanderfolgende Wähler gibt, die unterschiedlicher Meinung über die Reihenfolge dieser beiden Alternativen sind. Wie sich herausstellt, lässt sich diese Eigenschaft durch eine endliche Anzahl von verbotenen Strukturen charakterisieren. Ein Wählerprofil ist genau dann single-crossing, wenn es keine dieser Strukturen beinhaltet. Es wird außerdem ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, der die Single-Crossing-Eigenschaft unter Verwendung von PQ trees [BL76] in O(nm2) Schritten erkennt, wobei n die Anzahl der Wähler und m die Anzahl der Alternativen ist. Kapitel 4 behandelt Wählerprofile, die eindimensional-euklidisch sind, d.h. für die sich die Alternativen und Wähler so auf die reelle Achse abbilden lassen, dass für jeden Wähler und je zwei Alternativen diejenige näher zum Wähler abgebildet wird, die er der anderen vorzieht. Es stellt sich heraus, dass es im Gegensatz zur Single-Crossing-Eigenschaft nicht möglich ist, eindimensionale euklidische Profile durch endlich viele verbotene Strukturen zu charakterisieren. Kapitel 5 beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie berechnungsschwer es ist, eine bestimmte strukturelle Eigenschaft wie z.B. die Single-Crossing-Eigenschaft zu erreichen, indem man eine möglichst kleine Anzahl von Wählern oder Kandidaten aus einem Profil entfernt. Es zeigt sich, dass dieses Problem für die Single-Crossing-Eigenschaft durch das Löschen von Wählern zwar in polynomieller Zeit gelöst werden kann, es durch das Löschen von Kandidaten jedoch NP-schwer ist. Für alle anderen Eigenschaften sind beide Löschensvarianten ebenfalls NP-schwer. Allerdings lässt sich für jedes der Probleme auf triviale Weise mittels des Parameters „Anzahl der zu löschenden Wähler bzw. Alternativen“ fixed-parameter tractability zeigen. Das bedeutet, dass sie effizient lösbar sind, wenn der Parameter klein ist. Der Grund dafür ist, dass sich alle hier betrachteten Eigenschaften durch eine endliche Anzahl verbotener Strukturen charakterisieren lassen, deren Zerstörung die gewünschte Eigenschaft herstellt. Kapitel 6 führt die kombinatorische Variante des bekannten Problems CONTROL BY ADDING VOTERS ein, das erstmals durch Bartholdi III, Tovey und Trick [BTT92] beschrieben wurde. In der klassischen Problemstellung gibt es eine Menge von nichtregistrierten Wählern mit bekannten Präferenzen, und es wird eine kleinste Teilmenge von nichtregistrierten Wählern gesucht, sodass deren Hinzufügen zu einem gegebenen Profil einen bestimmten Kandidaten zum Gewinner macht. In der hier beschriebenen Variante wird zusätzlich angenommen, dass für jeden hinzugefügten Wähler auch eine Menge von weiteren Wählern „kostenlos“ hinzugefügt werden kann. Dieses Problem wird für die beiden bekannten Wahlregeln Condorcet-Wahl und Mehrheitswahl untersucht. Wie sich herausstellt, ist die Problemstellung schon für zwei Alternativen NP-schwer. Desweiteren werden Parameter identifiziert, die sich aus den kombinatorischen Eigenschaften dieses Problems ergeben. Für diese lässt sich eine beinahe erschöpfende Beschreibung der parametrisierten Komplexität des Problems erstellen. In einem Fall, bleibt unser Problem für sogenannte Single-Peaked-Präferenzen berechnungsschwer, während es für Single-Crossing-Präferenzen in polynomieller Zeit lösbar ist. Kapitel 7 untersucht, wie verschiedene natürliche Parameter und Preisfunktionen die Berechnungskomplexität des SHIFT BRIBERY-Problems [EFS09] beeiniv flussen. Darin fragt man, ob eine gegebene Alternative zum Gewinner gemacht werden kann, indem sie in den Präferenzen einiger Wähler nach vorne verschoben wird. Jede Verschiebung hat einen Preis, und das Ziel ist es, ein gegegebenes Budget nicht zu überschreiten. Die Ergebnisse sind gemischt: einige Parameter erlauben effiziente Algorithmen, während für andere das Problem schwer bleibt, z.B. für den Parameter „Anzahl der beeinflussten Wähler“ ist das Problem sogar W[2]-schwer. Für die Optimierungsvariante von SHIFT BRIBERY, bei der das verwendete Budget minimiert wird, erzielen wir einen Approximationsalgorithmus mit einem Approximationsfaktor von (1 + epsilon), dessen Laufzeit in ihrem nicht-polynomiellen Anteil nur von epsilon und der Anzahl der Wähler abhängt. Kapitel 8 konzentriert sich auf zwei weitverbreitete parlamentarische Wahlregeln: die successive rule und die amendment rule. Beide Regeln verwenden eine lineare Ordnung der Alternativen, auch Agenda genannt. Es werden drei Probleme untersucht: MANIPULATION fragt nach der kleinstmöglichen Anzahl von Wählern mit beliebigen Präferenzen, deren Hinzufügung einen bestimmten Kandidaten zum Gewinner macht; AGENDA CONTROL fragt, ob es möglich ist, eine Agenda derart festzulegen, dass ein bestimmter Kandidat gewinnt; POSSIBLE/NECESSARY WINNER fragt für unvollständige Wählerpräferenzen und/oder eine nur teilweise festgelegte Agenda, ob eine bestimmte Alternative überhaupt bzw. sicher zum Sieger machen kann. Es stellt sich heraus, dass sowohl MANIPULATION als auch AGENDA CONTROL für beide Wahlregeln in polynomieller Zeit lösbar sind. Allerdings deuten die Ergebnisse einer auf realem Wählerverhalten basierenden, experimentellen Studie darauf hin, dass die meisten Profile nicht durch einige wenige Wähler manipuliert werden können, und dass eine erfolgreiche Kontrolle mittels Agenda typischerweise nicht möglich ist. POSSIBLE WINNER ist für beide Regeln NP-schwer, während NECESSARY WINNER für die amendment rule coNP-schwer und für die successive rule in polynomieller Zeit lösbar ist. Alle betrachtete NP-schwere oder coNP-schwere Wahlprobleme sind „fixed-parameter tractable“ für den Parameter „Anzahl der Alternativen“.
Book Synopsis A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation by : Debraj Ray
Download or read book A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation written by Debraj Ray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon and extending his inaugural Lipsey Lectures, Debraj Ray looks at coalition formation from the perspective of game theory. Ray brings together developments in both cooperative and noncooperative game theory to study the analytics of coalition formation and binding agreements.
Book Synopsis Computational Aspects of Cooperative Game Theory by : Georgios Chalkiadakis
Download or read book Computational Aspects of Cooperative Game Theory written by Georgios Chalkiadakis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooperative game theory is a branch of (micro-)economics that studies the behavior of self-interested agents in strategic settings where binding agreements among agents are possible. Our aim in this book is to present a survey of work on the computational aspects of cooperative game theory. We begin by formally defining transferable utility games in characteristic function form, and introducing key solution concepts such as the core and the Shapley value. We then discuss two major issues that arise when considering such games from a computational perspective: identifying compact representations for games, and the closely related problem of efficiently computing solution concepts for games. We survey several formalisms for cooperative games that have been proposed in the literature, including, for example, cooperative games defined on networks, as well as general compact representation schemes such as MC-nets and skill games. As a detailed case study, we consider weighted voting games: a widely-used and practically important class of cooperative games that inherently have a natural compact representation. We investigate the complexity of solution concepts for such games, and generalizations of them. We briefly discuss games with non-transferable utility and partition function games. We then overview algorithms for identifying welfare-maximizing coalition structures and methods used by rational agents to form coalitions (even under uncertainty), including bargaining algorithms. We conclude by considering some developing topics, applications, and future research directions.
Book Synopsis Two-Sided Matching by : Alvin E. Roth
Download or read book Two-Sided Matching written by Alvin E. Roth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-06-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-sided matching provides a model of search processes such as those between firms and workers in labor markets or between buyers and sellers in auctions. This book gives a comprehensive account of recent results concerning the game-theoretic analysis of two-sided matching. The focus of the book is on the stability of outcomes, on the incentives that different rules of organization give to agents, and on the constraints that these incentives impose on the ways such markets can be organized. The results for this wide range of related models and matching situations help clarify which conclusions depend on particular modeling assumptions and market conditions, and which are robust over a wide range of conditions. 'This book chronicles one of the outstanding success stories of the theory of games, a story in which the authors have played a major role: the theory and practice of matching markets ... The authors are to be warmly congratulated for this fine piece of work, which is quite unique in the game-theoretic literature.' From the Foreword by Robert Aumann
Book Synopsis Illegal Online File Sharing, Decision-Analysis, and the Pricing of Digital Goods by : Michael I. C. Nwogugu
Download or read book Illegal Online File Sharing, Decision-Analysis, and the Pricing of Digital Goods written by Michael I. C. Nwogugu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illegal online file sharing costs companies tens of billions of dollars of lost revenues around the world annually and results in lost productivity, various psychological issues, and significant reduction of incentives to create and innovate. Legislative, technical, and enforcement efforts have failed. This book presents psychological theories about why people illegally share files online; analyzes and characterizes optimal sanctions for illegal online file sharing; introduces new models for pricing of network-access and digital-content to help reduce illegal online file sharing; introduces new content control and P2P systems; and explains why game theory does not work in pricing of network access.
Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Computational Social Choice by : Felix Brandt
Download or read book Handbook of Computational Social Choice written by Felix Brandt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly growing field of computational social choice, at the intersection of computer science and economics, deals with the computational aspects of collective decision making. This handbook, written by thirty-six prominent members of the computational social choice community, covers the field comprehensively. Chapters devoted to each of the field's major themes offer detailed introductions. Topics include voting theory (such as the computational complexity of winner determination and manipulation in elections), fair allocation (such as algorithms for dividing divisible and indivisible goods), coalition formation (such as matching and hedonic games), and many more. Graduate students, researchers, and professionals in computer science, economics, mathematics, political science, and philosophy will benefit from this accessible and self-contained book.
Book Synopsis Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory by : Tim Roughgarden
Download or read book Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory written by Tim Roughgarden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer science and economics have engaged in a lively interaction over the past fifteen years, resulting in the new field of algorithmic game theory. Many problems that are central to modern computer science, ranging from resource allocation in large networks to online advertising, involve interactions between multiple self-interested parties. Economics and game theory offer a host of useful models and definitions to reason about such problems. The flow of ideas also travels in the other direction, and concepts from computer science are increasingly important in economics. This book grew out of the author's Stanford University course on algorithmic game theory, and aims to give students and other newcomers a quick and accessible introduction to many of the most important concepts in the field. The book also includes case studies on online advertising, wireless spectrum auctions, kidney exchange, and network management.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Algorithms and Data Structures by : Kurt Mehlhorn
Download or read book Algorithms and Data Structures written by Kurt Mehlhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-27 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms are at the heart of every nontrivial computer application, and algorithmics is a modern and active area of computer science. Every computer scientist and every professional programmer should know about the basic algorithmic toolbox: structures that allow efficient organization and retrieval of data, frequently used algorithms, and basic techniques for modeling, understanding and solving algorithmic problems. This book is a concise introduction addressed to students and professionals familiar with programming and basic mathematical language. Individual chapters cover arrays and linked lists, hash tables and associative arrays, sorting and selection, priority queues, sorted sequences, graph representation, graph traversal, shortest paths, minimum spanning trees, and optimization. The algorithms are presented in a modern way, with explicitly formulated invariants, and comment on recent trends such as algorithm engineering, memory hierarchies, algorithm libraries and certifying algorithms. The authors use pictures, words and high-level pseudocode to explain the algorithms, and then they present more detail on efficient implementations using real programming languages like C++ and Java. The authors have extensive experience teaching these subjects to undergraduates and graduates, and they offer a clear presentation, with examples, pictures, informal explanations, exercises, and some linkage to the real world. Most chapters have the same basic structure: a motivation for the problem, comments on the most important applications, and then simple solutions presented as informally as possible and as formally as necessary. For the more advanced issues, this approach leads to a more mathematical treatment, including some theorems and proofs. Finally, each chapter concludes with a section on further findings, providing views on the state of research, generalizations and advanced solutions.
Book Synopsis Reducing Inequalities by : Rémi Genevey
Download or read book Reducing Inequalities written by Rémi Genevey and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and – most importantly – empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.
Book Synopsis Political Game Theory by : Nolan McCarty
Download or read book Political Game Theory written by Nolan McCarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political Game Theory is a self-contained introduction to game theory and its applications to political science. The book presents choice theory, social choice theory, static and dynamic games of complete information, static and dynamic games of incomplete information, repeated games, bargaining theory, mechanism design and a mathematical appendix covering, logic, real analysis, calculus and probability theory. The methods employed have many applications in various disciplines including comparative politics, international relations and American politics. Political Game Theory is tailored to students without extensive backgrounds in mathematics, and traditional economics, however there are also many special sections that present technical material that will appeal to more advanced students. A large number of exercises are also provided to practice the skills and techniques discussed.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Microeconomics by : Hervé Moulin
Download or read book Cooperative Microeconomics written by Hervé Moulin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years game theory has had a major impact on the field of economics. It was for work in game theory that the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded. Although non-cooperative game theory is better known, the theory of cooperative games has contributed a number of fundamental ideas to microeconomic analysis. Cooperative Microeconomics is the definitive textbook on these contributions. Designed to be used by undergraduate and graduate students, the book provides a thorough introduction and overview of its subject. Hervé Moulin distinguishes among three primary modes of cooperation: cooperation by direct agreements; cooperation by just, equitable compromise; and cooperation by decentralized behavior. This tri-modal methodology is applied successively to the exchange of private goods, the fair division of unproduced commodities, the cooperative production of private and public goods, and cost-sharing. Moulin proposes an elementary and self-contained exposition (supplemented by over 125 exercises) of the main cooperative concepts for microeconomic analysis, including core stability, deterministic solutions (such as the Shapley value), and several broad principles of equity (such as the No Envy and Stand Alone tests). The book also covers the most important failures of the decentralized behavior: the tragedy of the commons and the free rider problem in the provision of public goods. Cooperative Microeconomics is the first book of its kind, and it will be widely used in courses in microeconomics and game theory. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Green and Sustainable Pharmacy by : Klaus Kümmerer
Download or read book Green and Sustainable Pharmacy written by Klaus Kümmerer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within recent years pharmaceuticals have come into focus as contaminants of the environment (see for example Kümmerer, K. editor: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment). At the same time the issue of sustainable chemistry gained momentum. Bringing both together would result in sustainable pharmacy. Sustainable pharmacy is a totally new issue and approach. It addresses environmental, economical and social aspects of pharmacy. In the present stage the focus will be on environmental issues along the whole lifecycle of a pharmaceutical entity. That is dealing with resources and energy input but also with waste issues for example during the synthesis and production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Furthermore, it would also look on the compounds themselves and will aim to improve the degradability of the compounds after their use in the environment to reduce the environmental risk caused by pharmaceuticals in the environment. Another issue is the people using pharmaceuticals such as pharmacists, medical doctors and patients. How can they contribute to more efficient use of pharmaceuticals with less environmental burden and less risk for drinking water. The book "Sustainable Pharmacy" will address all these issues and will be the first one dealing with this important topic.