American Scientists

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American Science in an Age of Anxiety

Author : Jessica Wang
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807867101
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis American Science in an Age of Anxiety by : Jessica Wang

Download or read book American Science in an Age of Anxiety written by Jessica Wang and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No professional group in the United States benefited more from World War II than the scientific community. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists enjoyed unprecedented public visibility and political influence as a new elite whose expertise now seemed critical to America's future. But as the United States grew committed to Cold War conflict with the Soviet Union and the ideology of anticommunism came to dominate American politics, scientists faced an increasingly vigorous regimen of security and loyalty clearances as well as the threat of intrusive investigations by the notorious House Committee on Un-American Activities and other government bodies. This book is the first major study of American scientists' encounters with Cold War anticommunism in the decade after World War II. By examining cases of individual scientists subjected to loyalty and security investigations, the organizational response of the scientific community to political attacks, and the relationships between Cold War ideology and postwar science policy, Jessica Wang demonstrates the stifling effects of anticommunist ideology on the politics of science. She exposes the deep divisions over the Cold War within the scientific community and provides a complex story of hard choices, a community in crisis, and roads not taken.

Portraits of Great American Scientists

Author : Leon M. Lederman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Portraits of Great American Scientists by : Leon M. Lederman

Download or read book Portraits of Great American Scientists written by Leon M. Lederman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These fifteen biographies, written by promising young students from the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, reveal the many interesting human factors that influenced the lives of successful scientists: how they chose their individual career paths, what obstacles they had to overcome along the way, and where they think science will lead society in the future. They also convey the excitement of discovery that both these established scientists and their young biographers share as they explore their particular scientific interests.

Scientists in the Classroom

Author : J. Rudolph
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230107362
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientists in the Classroom by : J. Rudolph

Download or read book Scientists in the Classroom written by J. Rudolph and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1950s, leading American scientists embarked on an unprecedented project to remake high school science education. Dissatisfaction with the 'soft' school curriculum of the time advocated by the professional education establishment, and concern over the growing technological sophistication of the Soviet Union, led government officials to encourage a handful of elite research scientists, fresh from their World War II successes, to revitalize the nations' science curricula. In Scientists in the Classroom , John L. Rudolph argues that the Cold War environment, long neglected in the history of education literature, is crucial to understanding both the reasons for the public acceptance of scientific authority in the field of education and the nature of the curriculum materials that were eventually produced. Drawing on a wealth of previously untapped resources from government and university archives, Rudolph focuses on the National Science Foundation-supported curriculum projects initiated in 1956. What the historical record reveals, according to Rudolph, is that these materials were designed not just to improve American science education, but to advance the professional interest of the American scientific community in the postwar period as well.

Women Scientists in America

Author : Margaret W. Rossiter
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801825095
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (25 download)

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Book Synopsis Women Scientists in America by : Margaret W. Rossiter

Download or read book Women Scientists in America written by Margaret W. Rossiter and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Prize In volume one of this landmark study, focusing on developments up to 1940, Margaret Rossiter describes the activities and personalities of the numerous women scientists—astronomers, chemists, biologists, and psychologists—who overcame extraordinary obstacles to contribute to the growth of American science. This remarkable history recounts women's efforts to establish themselves as members of the scientific community and examines the forces that inhibited their active and visible participation in the sciences.

Science for the People

Author : Sigrid Schmalzer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781625343185
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Science for the People by : Sigrid Schmalzer

Download or read book Science for the People written by Sigrid Schmalzer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, this book compiles original documents from Science for the People, the most important radical science movement in U.S. history. Between 1969 and 1989, Science for the People mobilized American scientists, teachers, and students to practice a socially and economically just science, rather than one that served militarism and corporate profits. Through research, writing, protest, and organizing, members sought to demystify scientific knowledge and embolden "the people" to take science and technology into their own hands. The movement's numerous publications were crucial to the formation of science and technology studies, challenging mainstream understandings of science as "neutral" and instead showing it as inherently political. Its members, some at prominent universities, became models for politically engaged science and scholarship by using their knowledge to challenge, rather than uphold, the social, political, and economic status quo. Highlighting Science for the People's activism and intellectual interventions in a range of areas -- including militarism, race, gender, medicine, agriculture, energy, and global affairs -- this volume offers vital contributions to today's debates on science, justice, democracy, sustainability, and political power.

African American Scientists and Inventors

Author : Tish Davidson
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1422292819
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis African American Scientists and Inventors by : Tish Davidson

Download or read book African American Scientists and Inventors written by Tish Davidson and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-09-02 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of them were elementary school dropouts. Others became medical doctors or college professors. Some were famous, while some toiled in obscurity. Some became rich. Others remained poor their whole lives. But the African-American scientists and inventors profiled in this book had one thing in common: a determination to succeed. And in pursuing their dreams, these creative thinkers made the world a better place. Lewis Latimer devised a manufacturing process that made electric lights affordable for ordinary people. Charles Drew did pioneering work in blood storage, helping save countless lives. Garrett Woods figured out how to send messages from moving trains. Learn about these and many other black scientists and inventors in this fascinating book.

Beyond the Laboratory

Author : Peter J. Kuznick
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022668542X
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the Laboratory by : Peter J. Kuznick

Download or read book Beyond the Laboratory written by Peter J. Kuznick and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over scientists' social responsibility is a topic of great controversy today. Peter J. Kuznick here traces the origin of that debate to the 1930s and places it in a context that forces a reevaluation of the relationship between science and politics in twentieth-century America. Kuznick reveals how an influential segment of the American scientific community during the Depression era underwent a profound transformation in its social values and political beliefs, replacing a once-pervasive conservatism and antipathy to political involvement with a new ethic of social reform.

Disrupting Science

Author : Kelly Moore
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691162093
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Disrupting Science by : Kelly Moore

Download or read book Disrupting Science written by Kelly Moore and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Drawing extensively from archival sources and in-depth interviews, Kelly Moore examines the features of American science that made it an attractive target for protesters in the early cold war and Vietnam eras, including scientists' work in military research and activities perceived as environmentally harmful. She describes the intellectual traditions that protesters drew from - liberalism, moral individualism, and the New Left - and traces the rise and influence of scientist-led protest organizations such as Science for the People and the Union of Concerned Scientists. Moore shows how scientist protest activities disrupted basic assumptions about science and the ways scientific knowledge should be produced, and recast scientists' relationships to political and military institutions."--Jacket.

Origins of American Scientists

Author : Robert Hampden Knapp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Origins of American Scientists by : Robert Hampden Knapp

Download or read book Origins of American Scientists written by Robert Hampden Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fugitive Science

Author : Britt Rusert
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479805726
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Fugitive Science by : Britt Rusert

Download or read book Fugitive Science written by Britt Rusert and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honorable Mention, 2019 MLA Prize for a First Book Sole Finalist Mention for the 2018 Lora Romero First Book Prize, presented by the American Studies Association Exposes the influential work of a group of black artists to confront and refute scientific racism. Traversing the archives of early African American literature, performance, and visual culture, Britt Rusert uncovers the dynamic experiments of a group of black writers, artists, and performers. Fugitive Science chronicles a little-known story about race and science in America. While the history of scientific racism in the nineteenth century has been well-documented, there was also a counter-movement of African Americans who worked to refute its claims. Far from rejecting science, these figures were careful readers of antebellum science who linked diverse fields—from astronomy to physiology—to both on-the-ground activism and more speculative forms of knowledge creation. Routinely excluded from institutions of scientific learning and training, they transformed cultural spaces like the page, the stage, the parlor, and even the pulpit into laboratories of knowledge and experimentation. From the recovery of neglected figures like Robert Benjamin Lewis, Hosea Easton, and Sarah Mapps Douglass, to new accounts of Martin Delany, Henry Box Brown, and Frederick Douglass, Fugitive Science makes natural science central to how we understand the origins and development of African American literature and culture. This distinct and pioneering book will spark interest from anyone wishing to learn more on race and society.

Scientists Under Surveillance

Author : Jpat Brown
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262536889
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientists Under Surveillance by : Jpat Brown

Download or read book Scientists Under Surveillance written by Jpat Brown and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold War–era FBI files on famous scientists, including Neil Armstrong, Isaac Asimov, Albert Einstein, Richard Feynman, Alfred Kinsey, and Timothy Leary. Armed with ignorance, misinformation, and unfounded suspicions, the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover cast a suspicious eye on scientists in disciplines ranging from physics to sex research. If the Bureau surveilled writers because of what they believed (as documented in Writers Under Surveillance), it surveilled scientists because of what they knew. Such scientific ideals as the free exchange of information seemed dangerous when the Soviet Union and the United States regarded each other with mutual suspicion that seemed likely to lead to mutual destruction. Scientists Under Surveillance gathers FBI files on some of the most famous scientists in America, reproducing them in their original typewritten, teletyped, hand-annotated form. Readers learn that Isaac Asimov, at the time a professor at Boston University's School of Medicine, was a prime suspect in the hunt for a Soviet informant codenamed ROBPROF (the rationale perhaps being that he wrote about robots and was a professor). Richard Feynman had a “hefty” FBI file, some of which was based on documents agents found when going through the Soviet ambassador's trash (an invitation to a physics conference in Moscow); other documents in Feynman's file cite an informant who called him a “master of deception” (the informant may have been Feynman's ex-wife). And the Bureau's relationship with Alfred Kinsey, the author of The Kinsey Report, was mutually beneficial, with each drawing on the other's data. The files collected in Scientists Under Surveillance were obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests by MuckRock, a nonprofit engaged in the ongoing project of freeing American history from the locked filing cabinets of government agencies. The Scientists Neil Armstrong, Isaac Asimov, Hans Bethe, John P. Craven, Albert Einstein, Paul Erdos, Richard Feynman, Mikhail Kalashnikov, Alfred Kinsey, Timothy Leary, William Masters, Arthur Rosenfeld, Vera Rubin, Carl Sagan, Nikola Tesla

Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century

Author : James H. Kessler
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 : 9780897749558
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century by : James H. Kessler

Download or read book Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century written by James H. Kessler and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1996-01-08 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From George Washington Carver to Dr. Mae Jemison, African Americans have been making outstanding contributions in the field of science. This unique resource goes beyond the headlines in chronicling not just the scientific achievements but also the lives of 100 remarkable men and women. Each biography provides an absorbing account of the scientist's struggles, which often included overcoming prejudice, as they pursued their educational and professional goals.

Unsettled

Author : Steven E. Koonin
Publisher : BenBella Books
ISBN 13 : 195329524X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Unsettled by : Steven E. Koonin

Download or read book Unsettled written by Steven E. Koonin and published by BenBella Books. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Unsettled is a remarkable book—probably the best book on climate change for the intelligent layperson—that achieves the feat of conveying complex information clearly and in depth." —Claremont Review of Books "Surging sea levels are inundating the coasts." "Hurricanes and tornadoes are becoming fiercer and more frequent." "Climate change will be an economic disaster." You've heard all this presented as fact. But according to science, all of these statements are profoundly misleading. When it comes to climate change, the media, politicians, and other prominent voices have declared that "the science is settled." In reality, the long game of telephone from research to reports to the popular media is corrupted by misunderstanding and misinformation. Core questions—about the way the climate is responding to our influence, and what the impacts will be—remain largely unanswered. The climate is changing, but the why and how aren't as clear as you've probably been led to believe. Now, one of America's most distinguished scientists is clearing away the fog to explain what science really says (and doesn't say) about our changing climate. In Unsettled: What Climate Science Tells Us, What It Doesn't, and Why It Matters, Steven Koonin draws upon his decades of experience—including as a top science advisor to the Obama administration—to provide up-to-date insights and expert perspective free from political agendas. Fascinating, clear-headed, and full of surprises, this book gives readers the tools to both understand the climate issue and be savvier consumers of science media in general. Koonin takes readers behind the headlines to the more nuanced science itself, showing us where it comes from and guiding us through the implications of the evidence. He dispels popular myths and unveils little-known truths: despite a dramatic rise in greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures actually decreased from 1940 to 1970. What's more, the models we use to predict the future aren't able to accurately describe the climate of the past, suggesting they are deeply flawed. Koonin also tackles society's response to a changing climate, using data-driven analysis to explain why many proposed "solutions" would be ineffective, and discussing how alternatives like adaptation and, if necessary, geoengineering will ensure humanity continues to prosper. Unsettled is a reality check buoyed by hope, offering the truth about climate science that you aren't getting elsewhere—what we know, what we don't, and what it all means for our future.

The Scientists: An Epic of Discovery

Author : Andrew Robinson
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
ISBN 13 : 0500778132
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Scientists: An Epic of Discovery by : Andrew Robinson

Download or read book The Scientists: An Epic of Discovery written by Andrew Robinson and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 2023-04-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intriguing and illuminating read for science buffs, those fascinated by the lives and minds of great men and women, and anyone curious about how we came to understand the physical world The ideas, experiments, and inventions of great scientists have revolutionized our understanding of the world around us. Theories, discoveries, and technologies—from relativity, the genetic code, and the periodic table to synthetic drugs, nuclear weapons, and brain scans—have transformed the physical world and our lives. Copernicus, Crick, Watson, Galileo, Marie Curie: these are some of the forty pioneers behind modern science whose stories are explored here. The scientists come from around the globe and represent multiple nationalities—American, English, German, French, Dutch, Czech, Indian, Japanese, and more. Often unorthodox thinkers, they frequently had to struggle against hostile contemporaries to gain recognition for their ideas and discoveries. All the major scientific disciplines are covered, including astronomy, biology, biochemistry, chemistry, computing, ecology, geology, medicine, neurology, physics, and psychology, as well as mathematics.

Scientists and Swindlers

Author : Paul Lucier
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421402858
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientists and Swindlers by : Paul Lucier

Download or read book Scientists and Swindlers written by Paul Lucier and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An “insightful” account of the early fossil fuel industry, the rise of the professional consultant, and the nexus between science and money (Technology and Culture). In this impressively researched, highly original work, Paul Lucier explains how science became an integral part of American technology and industry in the nineteenth century. Scientists and Swindlers introduces us to a new service of professionals: the consulting scientists. Lucier follows these entrepreneurial men of science on their wide-ranging commercial engagements from the shores of Nova Scotia to the coast of California and shows how their innovative work fueled the rapid growth of the American coal and oil industries and the rise of American geology and chemistry. Along the way, he explores the decisive battles over expertise and authority, the high-stakes court cases over patenting research, the intriguing and often humorous exploits of swindlers, and the profound ethical challenges of doing science for money. Starting with the small surveying businesses of the 1830s and reaching to the origins of applied science in the 1880s, Lucier recounts the complex and curious relations that evolved as geologists, chemists, capitalists, and politicians worked to establish scientific research as a legitimate, regularly compensated, and respected enterprise. This sweeping narrative enriches our understanding of how the rocks beneath our feet became invaluable resources for science, technology, and industry.

Science, the Endless Frontier

Author : United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, the Endless Frontier by : United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development

Download or read book Science, the Endless Frontier written by United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years.

Science under Fire

Author : Andrew Jewett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674987918
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Science under Fire by : Andrew Jewett

Download or read book Science under Fire written by Andrew Jewett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans have long been suspicious of experts and elites. This new history explains why so many have believed that science has the power to corrupt American culture. Americans today are often skeptical of scientific authority. Many conservatives dismiss climate change and Darwinism as liberal fictions, arguing that “tenured radicals” have coopted the sciences and other disciplines. Some progressives, especially in the universities, worry that science’s celebration of objectivity and neutrality masks its attachment to Eurocentric and patriarchal values. As we grapple with the implications of climate change and revolutions in fields from biotechnology to robotics to computing, it is crucial to understand how scientific authority functions—and where it has run up against political and cultural barriers. Science under Fire reconstructs a century of battles over the cultural implications of science in the United States. Andrew Jewett reveals a persistent current of criticism which maintains that scientists have injected faulty social philosophies into the nation’s bloodstream under the cover of neutrality. This charge of corruption has taken many forms and appeared among critics with a wide range of social, political, and theological views, but common to all is the argument that an ideologically compromised science has produced an array of social ills. Jewett shows that this suspicion of science has been a major force in American politics and culture by tracking its development, varied expressions, and potent consequences since the 1920s. Looking at today’s battles over science, Jewett argues that citizens and leaders must steer a course between, on the one hand, the naïve image of science as a pristine, value-neutral form of knowledge, and, on the other, the assumption that scientists’ claims are merely ideologies masquerading as truths.