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Ambient Pressure Xps And Irras Investigation Of Ethanol Steam Reforming On Ni Ceo2111 Catalysts
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Book Synopsis Ambient Pressure XPS and IRRAS Investigation of Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni-CeO2(111) Catalysts by :
Download or read book Ambient Pressure XPS and IRRAS Investigation of Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni-CeO2(111) Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS) have been used to elucidate the active sites and mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming reaction (ESR) over Ni-CeO2(111) model catalysts. Our results reveal that surface layers of the ceria substrate are both highly reduced and hydroxylated under reaction conditions while the small supported Ni nanoparticles are present as Ni0/NixC. A multifunctional, synergistic role is highlighted in which Ni, CeOx and the interface provide an ensemble effect in the active chemistry that leads to H2. Ni0 is the active phase leading to both C-C and C-H bond cleavage in ethanol and it is also responsible for carbon accumulation. On the other hand, CeOx is important for the deprotonation of ethanol/water to ethoxy and OH intermediates. The active state of CeOx is a Ce3+(OH)x compound that results from extensive reduction by ethanol and the efficient dissociation of water. Additionally, we gain an important insight into the stability and selectivity of the catalyst by its effective water dissociation, where the accumulation of surface carbon can be mitigated by the increased presence of surface OH groups. As a result, the co-existence and cooperative interplay of Ni0 and Ce3+(OH)x through a metal-support interaction facilitate oxygen transfer, activation of ethanol/water as well as the removal of coke.
Book Synopsis Applications Of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy To Catalytic Studies: From Routine Analysis To Cutting-edge Surface Characterization by : Spyridon Zafeiratos
Download or read book Applications Of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy To Catalytic Studies: From Routine Analysis To Cutting-edge Surface Characterization written by Spyridon Zafeiratos and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has become a standard practice technique, and automated XPS facilities can be found in industry and in universities all over the world. This transformed XPS from an advanced characterization method for dedicated research, to a rather standard analysis technique of surface analysis. The catalyst's surface state is probably the most prominent factor that influences the catalytic performance. It is therefore no surprise that XPS has become an indispensable tool in studies of solid catalysts. It has been directly used to investigate issues such as the surface composition of the active catalyst and reaction and deactivation mechanisms.The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future perspectives of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy dedicated to catalytic applications, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo(electro)catalysis. The book contains 13 chapters, starting with the necessary introduction of the technique background, including basic phenomena and instrumentation aspects. The second part of the book focuses on the presentation of long-established applications of the technique, such as XPS studies of model catalysts. Finally, the book describes relatively recent developments of this method for cutting-edge surface characterization mainly using synchrotron X-ray radiation.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Catalysis by : Giovanni Palmisano
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Giovanni Palmisano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.320 pages Approx.320 pages
Book Synopsis Multifunctional Materials by : Challa Kumar
Download or read book Multifunctional Materials written by Challa Kumar and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in the series of books covering practical aspects of synthesis and characterization of various categories of nanomaterials taking into consideration the most up to date research publications. The aim of the book series is to provide students and researchers practical information such as synthetic procedures, characterization protocols and mechanistic insights to enable them to either reproduce well established methods or plan for new syntheses of size and shaped controlled nanomaterials. The second volume focuses on multifunctional nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Studies of Crotonadehyde Partial Hydrogenation and Ethanol Steam Reforming Reactions on Planar Catalysts -- a Gas-phase and Ambient Pressure XPS Study by : Yutichai Mueanngern
Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of Crotonadehyde Partial Hydrogenation and Ethanol Steam Reforming Reactions on Planar Catalysts -- a Gas-phase and Ambient Pressure XPS Study written by Yutichai Mueanngern and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The steam reforming reaction of ethanol to hydrogen gas was investigated on Ni/CeO2 catalysts. Here we show that the morphology of the CeO2 nanocubes-on-Ni can also act as a crucial design parameter—drastically influencing rates of hydrogen production. Controlling the coverage of CeO2 on Ni with LB deposition, reveals a non--monotonic scaling of catalytic rate with Ni--CeO2 interface sites. Hydrogen production rates was found to scale in close proportion to mesoscale interface sites iv formed by aggregates of CeO2 nanoparticles on Ni. It is established that the CeO2 phase of the catalyst helps to dissociate surface hdyroxyls durign reaction doncitions and the Ni phase of the catalyst is a good C--C bond cleavage catalyst forming carbonates and methyl groups at its surface from ethanol udner reactino reaction conditions. Herein we show NAP-XPS correlation of surface hydroxyls across various CeO2 morphologies formed by the self--assembly of CeO2 aggregates on Ni. NAP--XPS shows that the surface is most hydroxylated and at an intermediate coverage where the mesoscale interfaces are enhanced, resulting in the highest hydrogen production rate at that intermediate coverage of CeO2 on Ni. In addition, on these samples where the mesoscale interfaces are maximized, carbon nanotube networks are observed to grow on the order of millimeters from the surface under reaction conditions. Despite m5assive carbon deposition the catalyst remains highly active and shows no deactivation. For the first time, the reversible-nickel catalyzed nanotube growth process under ethanol steam reforming condition is detected in-situ using NAP-XPS. Under steam reforming conditions a carbon shell surrounding a nickel grain opens up, exposing the nickel to catalyze the formation of hydrogen products at the same time continuously catalyzing the elongation of the carbon nanotube network. Whereas in non-steam reforming conditions the nickel recedes underneath a carbon shell and the catalyst is rendered inactive. We propose that the mesoscale interfaces defined by aggregates of CeO2 nanoparticles provide an optimal surface morphology, which allows for efficient surface hydroxyl diffusion from CeO2 sites to Ni domains. The non-deactivation behavior of the Ni under ethanol steam reforming conditions can be explained by the exposed Ni grains, which opens up at the tip of carbon filament structures during steam reforming conditions as show in NAP-XPS measurements.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Reaction Networks and Active Sites in Ethanol Steam Reforming Reaction Over Ni and Co-based Catalysts by : Yeuk Ting Law
Download or read book Investigation of Reaction Networks and Active Sites in Ethanol Steam Reforming Reaction Over Ni and Co-based Catalysts written by Yeuk Ting Law and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bimetallic catalysts have been widely exploited to improve the performance of various catalytic reactions. Understanding the surface properties and in particular, bimetallic interaction and support effect of the catalytic components is an important step towards rational catalyst design. In this thesis, Ni-Co thin film on polar ZnO single crystal was studied as a model catalyst for ethanol steam reforming reaction. The aim is to provide fundamental understanding of how the surface characteristics of the catalyst influence the mechanism and the efficiency of the reaction. This study focused firstly on the study of the interaction between Ni and Co in oxidative environment using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Oxidation of Co is favoured over nickel and the surface is enriched with cobalt oxide. Secondly, Ni-Co thin film supported on polar Zn and O terminated ZnOwas studied by synchrotron based PES. The as deposited layer interacts readily with ZnO and Co is partially oxidized upon deposition, even at room temperature. The interaction of ethanol with Ni- Co/ZnO-Zn was studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Ethanol decomposes in different pathways on Ni and Co, in which C-C bond scission and methane production are favoured on Ni/ZnO-Zn while dehydrogenation is favoured on Co/ZnO-Zn. Finally, Ni-Co powder was studied byin-situ ambient pressure PES under reaction conditions in order to clarify the correspondence between the active state of the catalyst and the reaction activity. The product selectivity on Co catalyst is distinctly different from Ni and Ni-Co. Also, the decomposition of methyl group and the high amount of CO produced over Co is likely to be the cause for its high level of carbon deposition.
Book Synopsis Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials by : Alessandro Trovarelli
Download or read book Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials written by Alessandro Trovarelli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows the 2002 edition of Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials, which was the first book entirely devoted to ceria and its catalytic properties. In the ten years since the first edition a massive amount of work has been carried out in the field, and ceria has gained a prominent position in catalysis as one of the most valuable material for several applications. This second edition covers fundamental and applied aspects of the latest advances in ceria-based materials with a special focus on structural, redox and catalytic features. Special emphasis is given to nano-engineered and nano-shaped systems which are a key factor in the predictive and rational design of ceria with novel properties.In addition, the book presents recent advances in emerging and traditional large-scale applications of ceria in catalysis, such as the treatment of emissions from mobile sources (including diesel and gasoline engines). The primary readership includes catalysis and material science researchers from academy and industry and postdoctorate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering and physics.
Book Synopsis Solid-liquid Electrochemical Interfaces by : Gregory Jerkiewicz
Download or read book Solid-liquid Electrochemical Interfaces written by Gregory Jerkiewicz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wide scope covered by the 23 papers makes the collection suitable as a survey of current developments in the subject, for specialists in electrochemical surface science, newcomers to the field, or scientists working in related disciplines. The topics include computer simulation of the structure and dynamics of water near metal surfaces, the growth kinetics of phosphate films on metal oxide surfaces, anion adsorption and charge transfer on single-crystal electrodes, an electrochemical and in-situ scanning-probe microscopic study of electroactive polymers, and the temperature dependence of the growth of surface oxide films on rhodium electrodes. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Catalyst Characterization by : Boris Imelik
Download or read book Catalyst Characterization written by Boris Imelik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to the Fundamental and Applied Catalysis Series Catalysis is important academically and industrially. It plays an essential role in the manufacture of a wide range of products, from gasoline and plastics to fertilizers and herbicides, which would otherwise be unobtainable or prohibitive ly expensive. There are few chemical-or oil-based material items in modern society that do not depend in some way on a catalytic stage in their manufacture. Apart from manufacturing processes, catalysis is finding other important and over-increasing uses; for example, successful applications of catalysis in the control ofpollution and its use in environmental control are certain to in crease in the future. The commercial import an ce of catalysis and the diverse intellectual challenges of catalytic phenomena have stimulated study by a broad spectrum of scientists including chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, and material scientists. Increasing research activity over the years has brought deeper levels of understanding, and these have been associated with a continually growing amount of published material. As recentlyas sixty years ago, Rideal and Taylor could still treat the subject comprehensively in a single volume, but by the 19 50s Emmett required six volumes, and no conventional multivolume text could now cover the whole of catalysis in any depth.
Book Synopsis Trends in Interfacial Electrochemistry by : A.F. Silva
Download or read book Trends in Interfacial Electrochemistry written by A.F. Silva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-06-30 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Viano do Castelo, Portugal, July 2-13, 1984
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials For Energy Conversion And Storage by : Dunwei Wang
Download or read book Nanomaterials For Energy Conversion And Storage written by Dunwei Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage represents an opportunity to improve the performance, density and ease of transportation in renewable resources. This book looks at the most recent research on the topic, with particular focus on artificial photosynthesis and lithium-ion batteries as the most promising technologies to date. Research on the broad subject of energy conversion and storage calls for expertise from a wide range of backgrounds, from the most fundamental perspectives of the key catalytic processes at the molecular level to device scale engineering and optimization. Although the nature of the processes dictates that electrochemistry is a primary characterization tool, due attention is given to advanced techniques such as synchrotron studies in operando. These studies look at the gap between the performance of current technology and what is needed for the future, for example how to improve on the lithium-ion battery and to go beyond its capabilities.Suitable for students and practitioners in the chemical, electrochemical, and environmental sciences, Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage provides the information needed to find scalable, economically viable and safe solutions for sustainable energy.
Book Synopsis Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery, an Issue of Atlas of the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics: Volume 30-1 by : Mark A. Miller
Download or read book Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery, an Issue of Atlas of the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics: Volume 30-1 written by Mark A. Miller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. Mark A. Miller and David M. Yates bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Common Procedures in Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery. Articles from top experts in the field include coverage of cleft lip surgery, different surgical approaches to craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial syndromes, as well as reconstruction and bone grafting. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including primary cleft lip deformity; cleft nasal deformity; endoscopic approaches to craniosynostosis; open approaches to craniosynostosis; cranial deformities; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on common procedures in cleft and craniofacial surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.
Book Synopsis New Materials for Catalytic Applications by : Vasile I. Parvulescu
Download or read book New Materials for Catalytic Applications written by Vasile I. Parvulescu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Materials for Catalytic Applications proposes the use of both new and existing materials for catalytic applications, such as zeolites, metal oxides, microporous and mesoporous materials, and monocrystals. In addition, metal-oxides are discussed from a new perspective, i.e. nano- and photocatalytic applications. The material presents these concepts with a new focus on strategies in synthesis, synthesis based on a rational design, the correlation between basic properties/potential applications, and new catalytic solutions for acid-base, redox, hydrogenation, photocatalytic reactions, etc. Presents organometallic concepts for the synthesis of nanocatalysts Provides a synthesis of new materials following the fluorolytic sol-gel concept Covers electronic and photocatalytic properties via synthesis of nano-oxide materials Details the nature of sites in MOFs generating catalytic properties immobilization of triflates in solid matrices for organic reactions
Book Synopsis Catalysis by Materials with Well-Defined Structures by : Zili Wu
Download or read book Catalysis by Materials with Well-Defined Structures written by Zili Wu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis by Materials with Well-Defined Structures examines the latest developments in the use of model systems in fundamental catalytic science. A team of prominent experts provides authoritative, first-hand information, helping readers better understand heterogeneous catalysis by utilizing model catalysts based on uniformly nanostructured materials. The text addresses topics and issues related to material synthesis, characterization, catalytic reactions, surface chemistry, mechanism, and theoretical modeling, and features a comprehensive review of recent advances in catalytic studies on nanomaterials with well-defined structures, including nanoshaped metals and metal oxides, nanoclusters, and single sites in the areas of heterogeneous thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Users will find this book to be an invaluable, authoritative source of information for both the surface scientist and the catalysis practitioner Outlines the importance of nanomaterials and their potential as catalysts Provides detailed information on synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials with well-defined structures, relating surface activity to catalytic activity Details how to establish the structure-catalysis relationship and how to reveal the surface chemistry and surface structure of catalysts Offers examples on various in situ characterization instrumental techniques Includes in-depth theoretical modeling utilizing advanced Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods
Book Synopsis Advances in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by :
Download or read book Advances in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biointerface Characterization by Advanced IR Spectroscopy by : C.-M. Pradier
Download or read book Biointerface Characterization by Advanced IR Spectroscopy written by C.-M. Pradier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IR spectroscopy has become without any doubt a key technique to answer questions raised when studying the interaction of proteins or peptides with solid surfaces for a fundamental point of view as well as for technological applications. Principle, experimental set ups, parameters and interpretation rules of several advanced IR-based techniques; application to biointerface characterisation through the presentation of recent examples, will be given in this book. It will describe how to characterise amino acids, protein or bacterial strain interactions with metal and oxide surfaces, by using infrared spectroscopy, in vacuum, in the air or in an aqueous medium. Results will highlight the performances and perspectives of the technique. Description of the principles, expermental setups and parameter interpretation, and the theory for several advanced IR-based techniques for interface characterisation Contains examples which demonstrate the capacity, potential and limits of the IR techniques Helps finding the most adequate mode of analysis Contains examples Contains a glossary by techniques and by keywords
