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Author : Jan de Vries
Publisher : Brill Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch written by Jan de Vries and published by Brill Archive. This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jan de Vries
Publisher : Brill Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch written by Jan de Vries and published by Brill Archive. This book was released on 1957 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce Lincoln
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226481999
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Death, War, and Sacrifice written by Bruce Lincoln and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991-08-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the world's leading specialists in Indo-European religion and society, Bruce Lincoln expresses in these essays his severe doubts about the existence of a much-hypothesized prototypical Indo-European religion. Written over fifteen years, the essays—six of them previously unpublished—fall into three parts. Part I deals with matters "Indo-European" in a relatively unproblematized way, exploring a set of haunting images that recur in descriptions of the Otherworld from many cultures. While Lincoln later rejects this methodology, these chapters remain the best available source of data for the topics they address. In Part II, Lincoln takes the data for each essay from a single culture area and shifts from the topic of dying to that of killing. Of particular interest are the chapters connecting sacrifice to physiology, a master discourse of antiquity that brought the cosmos, the human body, and human society into an ideologically charged correlation. Part III presents Lincoln's most controversial case against a hypothetical Indo-European protoculture. Reconsidering the work of the prominent Indo-Europeanist Georges Dumézil, Lincoln argues that Dumézil's writings were informed and inflected by covert political concerns characteristic of French fascism. This collection is an invaluable resource for students of myth, ritual, ancient societies, anthropology, and the history of religions. Bruce Lincoln is professor of humanities and religious studies at the University of Minnesota.
Author : David N. Benjamin
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040150004
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)
Download or read book The Home written by David N. Benjamin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-07 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1995, as part of the Ethnoscapes: Current Challenges in the Environmental Social Sciences series, reissued now with a new series introduction, The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and Environments, written by by leading theorists and empirical researchers offers an interdisciplinary and multi-cultural spectrum of viewpoints on the study of the home concept. Among the disciplines covered are environment-behaviour research, anthropology, geography, archaeology, architecture, political science, and linguistics-place name research. The authors in this volume focus on refining our concepts of home, our knowledge of the uses of home, and the relationship of home to the study of cultural interpretation. In so doing, they inspire our thinking on the following themes: the struggle to maintain cultural continuity in the face of socio-political change, and the attempts to humanize the present and future built environment. This volume will be interesting to all scholars of cultural interpretation, geographers, and architects, and at the same time useful in graduate studies courses in environmental social sciences and environmental design as reference and source of cutting-edge case studies.
Author : Judith Jesch
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 9780851158266
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (582 download)
Download or read book Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age written by Judith Jesch and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2001 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine generated contents note: 1 Introduction: Rocks and Rhymes ' -- The Karlevi stone -- Runic inscriptions, skaldic verse and the late Viking Age -- Literacy and orality -- The runic corpus -- The skaldic corpus -- Verse in prose contexts -- Reconstructing viking verse -- The manuscript transmission -- Viking verse as a historical source -- Semantic study of skaldic verse and runic inscriptions -- Skaldic vocabulary in context -- Runes and semantics -- Comparative angles -- Sources and conventions -- Ships and men in the late Viking Age -- 2 Viking Activities -- Vikings -- vikingr -- viking -- Death and war -- 'He died' -- Battles and raids -- The fall of warriors -- Trade -- Pilgrimage -- 3 Viking Destinations -- 'East' and 'west' -- The western route -- 'West' -- England -- Britain and Ireland -- Further west -- The European continent and further south -- Saxony and Frisia -- Brittany and points south -- Normandy and southern Italy -- Africa -- The eastern route -- 'rast' -- The Baltic area -- Russia -- Byzantium and Jerusalem -- Ingvarr's expedition -- Serkland -- Scandinavia -- Hedeby -- Denmark to Sweden -- Two more towns -- 4 Ships and Sailing -- Words for 'ship' -- skip -- skeid -- snekkja -- dreki -- knQrr -- Oak and pine -- Miscellaneous words -- Summary -- Names of ships -- The ship and its parts -- The hull -- The stems -- Inside the hull -- Rudders, oars and shields -- Masts, sails and rigging -- In harbour and on land -- The vocabulary of sailing -- Description and metaphor -- Preparing and launching -- The ship in the sea -- Shipwreck and landing -- 5 The Crew, the Fleet and Battles at Sea -- Manning a ship -- The owner -- The captain -- The crew -- The fleet and the troop -- lid -- Compounds with -lid -- fioti -- leidangr -- The troop -- Units of the fleet -- Summary -- Battles at sea -- Maritime warfare -- Place and time -- Preliminaries to battle -- Bringing the ships together -- Attack and defence -- Victory and booty -- Not like leeks and ale -- 6 Group and Ethos in War and Trade -- The group and its vocabulary -- drengr -- fdlagi -- heimpegi -- huskarl -- gildi -- The ideology of battle -- 'He fled not' -- 'He fed eagles, ravens and wolves' -- The symbolism of battle: ravens and banners -- Murder and betrayal -- Kinds of killing -- Treachery -- Loyalty -- Treachery and politics -- 7 Epilogue: Kings and Ships -- From vikings to kings -- Royal and other ships in the eleventh century -- After the Viking Age -- Conclusion -- Works cited -- Appendix I: The runic corpus -- Appendix II: The skaldic corpus -- Index of words and names -- General index
Author : Sam Newton
Publisher : DS Brewer
ISBN 13 : 9780859914727
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (147 download)
Download or read book The Origins of Beowulf written by Sam Newton and published by DS Brewer. This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and passionate argument suggesting that Beowulf originated in the pre-Viking kingdom of 8th-century East Anglia. Where did Beowulf, unique and thrilling example of an Old English epic poem come from? In whose hall did the poem's maker first tell the tale? The poem exists now in just one manuscript, but careful study of the literary and historical associations reveals striking details which lead Dr Newton to claim, as he pieces together the various clues, a specific origin for the poem. Dr Newton suggests that references in Beowulf to the heroes whose names are listed in Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies indicate that such Northern dynastic concerns are most likely to have been fostered in the kingdom of East Anglia. He supports his thesis with evidence drawn from East Anglianarchaeology, hagiography and folklore. His argument, detailed and passionate, offers the exciting possibility that he has discovered the lost origins of the poem in the pre-Viking kingdom of 8th-century East Anglia. SAMNEWTON was awarded his Ph.D. for work on Beowulf.
Author : Manuela Marin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351889613
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Formation of al-Andalus, Part 1 written by Manuela Marin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes present a conspectus of current research on the history and culture of early medieval Spain and Portugal, from the time of the Arab conquest in 711 up to the fall of the caliphate. They trace the impact of Islamisation on the pre-existing Roman and Visigothic political and social structures, the continuing interaction between Christian and Muslim, and describe the particular development and characteristics of Muslim Spain- al-Andalus. Together, they comprise 38 articles, of which 32 have been translated into English specially for this publication. The first volume focuses on political and social history, and looks in detail at settlement patterns and urbanisation; the second examines questions of language and covers the brilliant cultural and intellectual history of the period.
Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004487026
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Lexis and Texts in Early English written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These papers reflect the long and distinguished career of Professor Jane Roberts in the field of medieval English studies, and especially her pioneering work on A Thesaurus of Old English, which provides novel source material for several of the contributions to the volume. Many of the papers deal with aspects of early lexicology and lexicography, while others focus on linguistic and literary features of Old and Middle English texts and their interpretation. They will thus be of interest to researchers in many areas of early English. A special introductory article describes the interlinked development of A Thesaurus of Old English, The Historical Thesaurus of English, and the proposed Thesaurus of Middle English. Contributors include: Rosamund Allen, Janet M. Bately, Carole P. Biggam, Michelle Brown, Julie Coleman, Janet Cowen, Jodi-Ann George, Joyce Hill, Rosemary Huisman, Giovanni Iarmartino, George Kane, Éamonn Ó Carragáin, Michiko Ogura, Peter Orton, Jeremy J. Smith, E.G. Stanley, Paul Szarmach, Ronald Waldron.
Author : Einar Haugen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111684970
Total Pages : 1200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (116 download)
Download or read book The study of languages written by Einar Haugen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To celebrate the 270th anniversary of the De Gruyter publishing house, the company is providing permanent open access to 270 selected treasures from the De Gruyter Book Archive. Titles will be made available to anyone, anywhere at any time that might be interested. The DGBA project seeks to digitize the entire backlist of titles published since 1749 to ensure that future generations have digital access to the high-quality primary sources that De Gruyter has published over the centuries.
Author : Jeannine Bischoff
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111211398
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Naming, Defining, Phrasing Strong Asymmetrical Dependencies written by Jeannine Bischoff and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the terms used in specific historical contexts to refer to those people in a society who can be categorized as being in a position of ‘strong asymmetrical dependency’ (including slavery) provides insights into the social categories and distinctions that informed asymmetrical social interactions. In a similar vein, an analysis of historical narratives that either justify or challenge dependency is conducive to revealing how dependency may be embedded in (historical) discourses and ways of thinking. The eleven contributions in the volume approach these issues from various disciplinary vantage points, including theology, global history, Ottoman history, literary studies, and legal history. The authors address a wide range of different textual sources and historical contexts – from medieval Scandinavia and the Fatimid Empire to the history of abolition in Martinique and human rights violations in contemporary society. While the authors contribute innovative insights to ongoing discussions within their disciplines, the articles were also written with a view to the endeavor of furthering Dependency Studies as a transdisciplinary approach to the study of human societies past and present.
Author : Juha Pentikäinen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110811677
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Shamanism and Northern Ecology written by Juha Pentikäinen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-11 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Religion and Society (RS) contributes to the exploration of religions as social systems– both in Western and non-Western societies; in particular, it examines religions in their differentiation from, and intersection with, other cultural systems, such as art, economy, law and politics. Due attention is given to paradigmatic case or comparative studies that exhibit a clear theoretical orientation with the empirical and historical data of religion and such aspects of religion as ritual, the religious imagination, constructions of tradition, iconography, or media. In addition, the formation of religious communities, their construction of identity, and their relation to society and the wider public are key issues of this series.
Author : Арон Долгопольский
Publisher : Litres
ISBN 13 : 5457883671
Total Pages : 845 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)
Download or read book Индоевропейский словарь с ностратическими этимологиями. Том III written by Арон Долгопольский and published by Litres. This book was released on 2022-05-15 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Настоящая монография представляет собой трехтомное посмертное издание труда выдающегося советского и российского лингвиста А. Б. Долгопольского, одного из крупнейших и всемирно признанных специалистов по сравнительно-историческому языкознанию и изучению дальнего родства языков. «Индоевропейский словарь с ностратическими этимологиями» составлен автором на основе главного труда его жизни – «Ностратического словаря», работу над которым А. Б. Долгопольский неотрывно и интенсивно вёл почти полвека.Основной своей задачей автор считает определение и доказательство ностратических истоков индоевропейской лексики, поиск регулярных соответствий между лексическими единицами индоевропейских языков и языков других семей Старого Света. Словарь содержит 1397 вхождений, представляющих собой реконструированные корни индоевропейского праязыка с указанием их потомков в языках индоевропейской семьи и внешних соответствий в других семьях ностратических языков. Как по широте охвата лингвистического материала, так и по глубине разработки каждой словарной единицы словарь представляет собой уникальный материал для анализа и предназначен не только для лингвистов, изучающих индоевропейские языки, но и для специалистов по сравнительно-историческому изучению языков других семей.
Author : Richard North
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501513338
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Anglo-Danish Empire written by Richard North and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anglo-Danish Empire is an interdisciplinary handbook for the Danish conquest of England in 1016 and the subsequent reign of King Cnut the Great. Bringing together scholars from the fields of history, literature, archaeology, and manuscript studies, the volume offers comprehensive analysis of England’s shift from Anglo-Saxon to Danish rule. It follows the history of this complicated transition, from the closing years of the reign of King Æthelred II and the Anglo-Danish wars, to Cnut’s accession to the throne of England and his consolidation of power at home and abroad. Ruling from 1016 to 1035, Cnut drew England into a Scandinavian empire that stretched from Ireland to the Baltic. His reign rewrote the place of Denmark and England within Europe, altering the political and cultural landscapes of both countries for decades to come.
Author : Sandra Billington
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134641516
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)
Download or read book The Concept of the Goddess written by Sandra Billington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concept of the Goddess explores the function and nature of goddesses and their cults in many cultures, including: * Celtic * Roman * Norse * Caucasian * Japanese traditions. The contributors explore the reasons for the existence of so many goddesses in the mythology of patriarchal societies and show that goddesses have also assumed more masculine roles, with war, hunting and sovereignty being equally important aspects of their cults.
Author : Hans-Peter Hasenfratz
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1620554488
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Barbarian Rites written by Hans-Peter Hasenfratz and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the untamed paganism of the Vikings and the Germanic tribes prior to the complete Christianization of Europe • Explores the different forms of magic practiced by these tribes, including runic magic, necromancy (death magic), soul-travel, and shape-shifting • Examines their rites of passage and initiation rituals and their most important gods, such as Odin, Loki, and Thor • Looks at barbarian magic in historical accounts, church and assembly records, and mythology as well as an eyewitness report from a 10th-century Muslim diplomat • Reveals the use and abuse of this tradition’s myths and magic by the Nazis Before the conversion of Europe to Christianity in the Middle Ages, Germanic tribes roamed the continent, plundering villages and waging battles to seek the favor of Odin, their god of war, ecstasy, and magic. Centuries later, predatory Viking raiders from Scandinavia carried on similar traditions. These wild “barbarians” had a system of social classes and familial clans with complex spiritual customs, from rites of passage for birth, death, and adulthood to black magic practices and shamanic ecstatic states, such as the infamous “berserker’s rage.” Chronicling the original pagan tradition of free and wild Europe--and the use and abuse of its myths and magic by the Nazis--Hans-Peter Hasenfratz offers a concise history of the Germanic tribes of Europe and their spiritual, magical, and occult beliefs. Looking at historical accounts, church and assembly records, mythology, and folktales from Germany, Russia, Scandinavia, and Iceland as well as an eyewitness report of Viking customs and rituals from a 10th-century Muslim diplomat, Hasenfratz explores the different forms of magic--including charms, runic magic, necromancy, love magic, soul-travel, and shamanic shape-shifting--practiced by the Teutonic tribes and examines their interactions with and eventual adaptation to Christianity. Providing in-depth information on their social class and clan structure, rites of passage, and their most important gods and goddesses, such as Odin, Loki, Thor, and Freyja, Hasenfratz reveals how it is only through understanding our magical barbarian roots that we can see the remnants of their language, culture, and dynamic spirit that have carried through to modern times.
Author : Martin Hilpert
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110346974
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)
Download or read book New Trends in Nordic and General Linguistics written by Martin Hilpert and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a survey of current work in Nordic and General Linguistics, with a special focus on language contact. The papers in this book were presented at the 11th International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics (ICNGL) in Freiburg. The ICNGL conference series aims to facilitate the exchange of ideas on Scandinavian and other languages, between researchers from the Nordic countries and elsewhere. The present volume focuses on language contact, which has always been a topic of great interest in Nordic Linguistics. Additionally, the contributions in this book address issues of phonology, morpho-syntax, syntax, and grammaticalization. The book is meant to be a snapshot of Nordic Linguistics as it is practiced today, reflecting at the same time its established research traditions as well as its forages into new methodologies and theories.
Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 940120635X
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Evidence and Counter-Evidence: Essays in Honour of Frederik Kortlandt, Volume 1 written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The editors" PREFACE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY FREDERIK KORTLANDT "?driaan Barentsen": O S?P?STAVI?EL'N IZUC?NII ?GR?NICI L'NY? VR NNY? S?JUZ?V SL?VJANS?I? JAZY V "Robert S.P. Beekes": PALATALIZED CONSONANTS IN PRE-GREEK "Uwe Blasing": TALYSCHI RIZ 'SPUR' UND VERWANDTE: EIN BEITRAG ZUR IRANISCHEN WORTFORSCHUNG "Vaclav Blazek": CELTIC 'SMITH' AND HIS COLLEAGUES "Johnny Cheung": THE OSSETIC CASE SYSTEM REVISITED "Bardhyl Demiraj": ALB. RRUSH, ON RAGUSA UND GR. RHOKS "Rick Derksen": QUANTITY PATTERNS IN THE UPPER SORBIAN NOUN "George E. Dunkel": LUVIAN ?TAR AND HOMERIC AR "Jose L. Garcia Ramon": ERERBTES UND ERSATZKONTINUANTEN BEI DER REKONSTRUKTION VON INDOGERMANISCHEN KONSTRUKTIONSMUSTERN: IDG. *"G"' "HEU"- UND HETH. "LAHU-HHI" 'GIESSEN' "Eric P. Hamp": INDO-EUROPEAN *"SG'HEDHLA" "Andries van Helden": IS CASE A LINGUIST OR A FREDERIK? "Tette Hofstra": AUS DEM BEREICH DER GERMANISCH-OSTSEEFINNISCHEN LEHNWORTFORSCHUNG: UBERLEGUNGEN ZUR ETYMOLOGIE VON FINNISCH "RYTAKKA" 'KRACH' "Georg Holzer": STRUKTURELLE BESONDERHEITEN DES URSLAVISCHEN "Wim Honselaar": REFLECTIONS ON RECIPROCITY IN RUSSIAN AND DUTCH "Laszlo Honti": 'TIBI LIBER EST' 'HABES LIBRUM' (BEMERKUNGEN ZUR HERKUNFT DER HABITIVEN KONSTRUKTIONEN IM URALISCHEN) "Peter Houtzagers": ON THE CAKAVIAN DIALECT OF KOLJNOF NEAR SOPRON "Petri Kallio": ON THE "EARLY BALTIC" LOANWORDS IN COMMON FINNIC "Janneke Kalsbeek": THE QUANTITY OF THE VOWEL I IN STIPAN KONZUL'S "KATEKIZAM" (1564) "Jared S. Klein": INTERROGATIVE SEQUENCES IN THE RIGVEDA "Jorma Koivulehto": FRUHE SLAVISCH-FINNISCHE KONTAKTE "Leonid Kulikov": THE VEDIC TYPE "PATAYATI" REVISITED: SEMANTIC OPPOSITIONS, PARADIGMATIC RELATIONSHIPS AND HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS "Winfred P. Lehmann": LINGUISTIC LAWS AND UNIVERSALS: THE TWAIN. "Alexander Lubotsky": VEDIC 'OX' AND 'SACRIFICIAL CAKE' "Ranko Matasovic": THE ORIGIN OF THE OLD IRISH F-FUTURE "H. Craig Melchert": PROBLEMS IN HITTITE PRONOMINAL INFLECTION "Cecilia Ode": COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS AND PROSODIC LABELLING OF THREE RUSSIAN PITCH ACCENTS "Norbert Oettinger": AN INDO-EUROPEAN CUSTOM OF SACRIFICE IN GREECE AND ELSEWHERE "Harry Perridon": RECONSTRUCTING THE OBSTRUENTS OF PROTO-GERMANIC "Georges-Jean Pinault": TOCHARIAN FRIENDSHIP "?driana Pols": ROZDENIE SLOVARJA "Arend Quak": ARCHAISCHE WORTER IN DEN MALBERGISCHEN GLOSSEN DER 'LEX SALICA' "Jos Schaeken": NOCHMALS ZUR AKZENTUIERUNG DER KIEVER BLATTER "Rudiger Schmitt": ZU DER FREMDBEZEICHNUNG ARMENIENS ALTPERS. "ARMINA"- "Patrick Sims-Williams": THE PROBLEM OF SPIRANTIZATION AND NASALIZATION IN BRITTONIC CELTIC "Han Steenwijk": THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE RESIANICA DICTIONARY "Michiel de Vaan": SANSKRIT "TRIDHA" AND "TREDHA" "William R. Veder": NON SECUNDUM SCIENTIAM: READING WHAT IS NOT THERE "Theo Vennemann gen. Nierfeld: MUNZE, MINT, AND MONEY": AN ETYMOLOGY FOR LATIN "MONETA." WITH APPENDICES ON CARTHAGINIAN "TANIT" AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN "MONTH" WORD "Willem Vermeer": THE PREHISTORY OF THE ALBANIAN VOWEL SYSTEM: A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION "Jos J.S. Weitenberg": DIPHTHONGIZATION OF INITIAL "E"- AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL "Y"- IN ARMENIAN
