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Alternative Non Acid Eluants For Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde
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Book Synopsis Alternative Non-Acid Eluants for Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde by :
Download or read book Alternative Non-Acid Eluants for Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in or near high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE Complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange (IX) resin under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step IX process is typically done with nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. A non-acid eluant may be a viable alternative. It will eliminate the need for special acid handling requirements within the tank farms.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Potential Eluants for Non-Acid Elution of Cesium from Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Potential Eluants for Non-Acid Elution of Cesium from Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange column loading and elution of cesium from spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde resin have been conducted for two potential non-acid eluants -(NH4)2CO3 and CH3COONH4. The results revealed encouraging cesium elution performance. 100% elution was achieved in at most 22 hours (≈28 bed volumes) of elution. Elution performance was fairly high at 6 hours (≈8 bed volumes) of elution for some of the eluants and also practically comparable to the benchmark acid eluant (HNO3). Hence, it is quite possible 100% percent elution will be closer to the 6th hour than the 22nd hour. Elution is generally enhanced by increasing the concentration and pH of the eluants, and combining the eluants.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. by :
Download or read book EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline salt solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE-complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange resin selected for use in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). It is also the primary ion exchange material under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step ion exchange process is typically done with 0.5 M nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the high-level waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. A study has been conducted to explore non-acid elution as an alternative. Batch contact sorption equilibrium screening tests have been conducted with 36 potential non-acid eluants. The sorption tests involve equilibrating each cesium-containing eluant solution with the sRF resin for 48 hours at 25 C in a shaker oven. In the sorption tests, an eluant is deemed to have a high cesium elution potential if it minimizes cesium sorption onto the sRF resin. The top candidates (based on lowest cesium sorption distribution coefficients) include ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, rubidium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. A select few of the top candidate eluants from the screening tests were subjected to actual sorption (loading) and elution tests to confirm their elution ability. The actual sorption (loading) and elution tests mimicked the typical sRF-cesium ion exchange process (i.e., sorption or loading, caustic wash, water rinse, and elution) via batch contact sorption and quasi column caustic wash/water rinse/elution. The eluants tested included ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, and nitric acid. Calcium acetate and magnesium acetate were substitutes for calcium chloride and magnesium chloride respectively due to corrosion concerns. Nitric acid was selected for benchmarking since it is the baseline cesium eluant for sRF resin. The cesium elution performance of ammonium carbonate and ammonium acetate was approximately the same as the benchmark eluant, nitric acid. Ninety-seven (97), 94, and 100% percent of the cesium sorbed or loaded were eluted by ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, and nitric acid was respectively. The performance of calcium acetate and magnesium acetate, on the other hand, was mediocre. Percent elution was 16 and 8 respectively.
Book Synopsis PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. by :
Download or read book PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ELUANTS FOR NON-ACID ELUTION OF CESIUM FROM RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-column ion exchange (SCIX) units installed in high-level waste tanks to remove Cs-137 from highly alkaline salt solutions are among the waste treatment plans in the DOE-complex. Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) is the ion exchange resin selected for use in the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). It is also the primary ion exchange material under consideration for SCIX at the Hanford site. The elution step of the multi-step ion exchange process is typically done with 0.5 M nitric acid. An acid eluant is a potential hazard in the event of a spill, leak, etc. because the high-level waste tanks are made of carbon steel. Corrosion and associated structural damage may ensue. Studies are ongoing to explore non-acid elution as an alternative. Batch contact sorption equilibrium screening tests have been conducted with 36 potential non-acid eluants. The sorption tests involve equilibrating each cesium-containing eluant solution with the sRF resin for 48 hours at 25 C in a shaker oven. In the sorption tests, an eluant is deemed to have a high cesium elution potential if it minimizes cesium sorption onto the sRF resin. The top candidates (based on lowest cesium sorption distribution coefficients) include ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, rubidium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. The next phase of testing for this work will focus on the following down selected eluants: Ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, nitric acid, and ammonium hydroxide. The next testing phase is a confirmation of the elution ability of the selected eluants. It will mimic a typical sRF cesium ion exchange process i.e., sorption or loading, caustic wash, water rinse, and elution via batch contact sorption and quasi column caustic wash/water rinse/elution. Due to corrosion concerns, calcium acetate and magnesium acetate will be tested instead of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride respectively. Nitric acid is for benchmarking since it is the baseline sRF eluant. The information at hand indicates ammonium hydroxide, while a weak base, may hold promise as an effective eluant. Hence, its inclusion among the eluants to be studied despite the fact that it was not tested as a stand-alone eluant earlier.
Book Synopsis An Engineering Evaluation of Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book An Engineering Evaluation of Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small column ion exchange (SCIX) system has been proposed for removal of cesium from caustic, supernatant, and dissolved salt solutions stored or generated from high-level tank wastes at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site and Savannah River Sites. In both instances, deployment of SCIX systems, either in-tank or near-tank, is a means of expediting waste pretreatment and dispositioning with minimal or no new infrastructure requirements. Conceptually, the treatment approach can utilize a range of ion exchange media. Previously, both crystalline silicotitanate (CST), an inorganic, nonelutable sorbent, and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), an organic, elutable resin, have been considered for cesium removal from tank waste. More recently, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) evaluated use of SuperLig{reg_sign} 644, an elutable ion exchange medium, for the subject application. Results of testing indicate hydraulic limitations of the SuperLig{reg_sign} resin, specifically a high pressure drop through packed ion exchange columns. This limitation is likely the result of swelling and shrinkage of the irregularly shaped (granular) resin during repeated conversions between sodium and hydrogen forms as the resin is first loaded then eluted. It is anticipated that a similar flow limitation would exist in columns packed with conventional, granular RF resin. However, use of spherical RF resin is a likely means of mitigating processing limitations due to excessive pressure drop. Although size changes occur as the spherical resin is cycled through loading and elution operations, the geometry of the resin is expected to effectively mitigate the close packing that leads to high pressure drops across ion exchange columns. Multiple evaluations have been performed to determine the feasibility of using spherical RF resin and to obtain data necessary for design of an SCIX process. The work performed consisted of examination of radiation effects on resin performance, quantification of cesium adsorption performance as a function of operating temperature and pH, and evaluation of sodium uptake (titration) as function of pH and counteranion concentration. The results of these efforts are presented in this report. Hydraulic performance of the resin and the use of eluant alternatives to nitric acid have also been evaluated and have been reported elsewhere (Taylor 2009, Taylor and Johnson 2009).
Book Synopsis Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications by : Brian A. Bidlingmeyer
Download or read book Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications written by Brian A. Bidlingmeyer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1993-05-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of related interest. Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC Satinder Ahuja Written by a leading scientist in the field, this monograph provides the first definitive and technically up-to-date treatment of the theory, equipment, and applications of chemistry's most powerful reliable analytical technique. Coverage includes an encyclopedic compendium of common substances that require trace and ultratrace analysis, and features clear discussion of such important topics as considerations for HPLC equipment, sensitive detectors, sample preparation, method development, selectivity and computer-based optimizations, optimizing detectability, and much more. 1991 (0 471-51419-5) 432 pp. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Biotechnology Edited by William S. Hancock Analytical chemists, biochemists, and chemical engineers will find this up-to-date guide to HPLC's recent developments essential for enhancing on-the-job technical expertise. Extensive coverage includes the broad applications of HPLC, ranging from major chromatographic techniques (including reversed phase, ion exchange, affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography) to specific separations such as those in monoclonal antibody and nucleic acid purification. Techniques for quality control programs and advanced technology are also discussed. 1990 (0 471-82584-0) 564 pp. Unified Separation Science J. Calvin Giddings This advanced text/monograph brings together for the first time the variety of techniques used for chemical separations by outlining their common underlying mechanisms. The mass transport phenomena underlying all separation processes are developed in a simple physical-mathematical form, facilitating analysis of alternative separation techniques and the factors integral to separation power. The first six chapters provide background material applicable to a wide range of separation methods, while the final five chapters illustrate specific techniques and methods. 1991 (0 471-52089-6) 320 pp.
Book Synopsis Phytochemical Methods by : Jeffrey B. Harborne
Download or read book Phytochemical Methods written by Jeffrey B. Harborne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are many books available on methods of organic and biochemical analysis, the majority are either primarily concerned with the application of a particular technique (e.g. paper chromatography) or have been written for an audience of chemists or for biochemists work ing mainly with animaltissues. Thus, no simple guide to modern metho ds of plant analysis exists and the purpose of the present volume is to fill this gap. It is primarily intended for students in the plant sciences, who have a botanical or a general biological background. It should also be of value to students in biochemistry, pharmacognosy, food science and 'natural products' organic chemistry. Most books on chromatography, while admirably covering the needs of research workers, tend to overwhelm the student with long lists of solvent systems and spray reagents that can be applied to each class of organic constituent. The intention here is to simplify the situation by listing only a few specially recommended techniques that have wide currency in phytochemical laboratories. Sufficient details are provided to allow the student to use the techniques for themselves and most sections contain some introductory practical experiments which can be used in classwork.
Book Synopsis Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents by : José M. Loureiro
Download or read book Combined and Hybrid Adsorbents written by José M. Loureiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows up an Advanced Research Workshop dedicated to the subject of adsorption. It presents an up-to-date review of the latest achievements in the synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid organic-inorganic materials and of carbon and combined adsorbents. The modeling of the adsorption process, including the simulation of carbon masks used for both civil and military protection purposes is also addressed. Includes applications in environmental, military and post-disaster situations.
Book Synopsis Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants by : R. A. Nadkarni
Download or read book Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants written by R. A. Nadkarni and published by Astm International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the essential elements of all analytical tests used to characterize petroleum products. The 350 plus entries are alphabetically arranged by chemical and physical properties, such as apparent viscosity, density, metal analysis, sulfur determination, vapor pressure, and water. Each entry co
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins by : Richard W. Hemingway
Download or read book Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins written by Richard W. Hemingway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was developed from the proceedings of the first North American Tannin Conference held in Port. Angeles, Washington, August 1988. The objective of the conference was to bring together people with a common interest in condensed tannins and to promote interdisciplinary interactions that will lead to a better understanding of these important substances. Anot. her objective was the publicat. ion of this book because there has not been a monograph devoted to the chemistry and significance of tannins for several decades. The book is organized into sections dealing with the biosynthesis, structure, re actions, complexation with other biopolymers, biological significance, and use of tannins as specialty chemicals. The authors made a special attempt to focus on what we don't know as well as to provide a summary of what we do know in an effort to assist in planning future research. Our thanks go to the authors who so kindly contributed chapters and so pa tiently responded to our requests. We also thank Rylee Geboski and the Conference Assist. ance Staff, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, for their assistance in planning and conducting t. he conference, and Julia Wilson, Debbie Wolfe, Helen Coletka, and Nancy Greene of the Southern Forest Experiment Station, Pineville, Louisiana, who typed the chapt. ers. Linda Chalker-Scott was especially helpful in assisting us wit. h editing. Dick Hemingway is indebted t. o the staff of the Alexandria Forest.
Book Synopsis Detection and Identification of Organic Compounds by : Miroslov Vecera
Download or read book Detection and Identification of Organic Compounds written by Miroslov Vecera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American edition of our monograph is not a mere translation of the Czech edition, which appeared some five years ago. We have had to respect the fact that even such a short period has sufficed for progress in this field, and that the field of application of methods of organic analysis has widened. We have therefore revised a number of chapters in Part 1, the general part of the monograph-mainly those devoted to chromatographic methods, which have been extended and complemented by methods of thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The chapters on the theory of color reactions and on analytical literature have also been extended; the chapter on spectral methods has been extended by including the use of proton magnetic resonance in organic analysis, and the list of references has been enlarged by adding books of importance for organic analysis. In Part 2, the part dealing specifically with various elements and chemical groups, we have extended the chapters on solubility and on acids and bases. The methods for the detection and identification of given classes of compounds have also been supplemented by references to recent papers.
Book Synopsis Porous Polymers by : Michael S. Silverstein
Download or read book Porous Polymers written by Michael S. Silverstein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the various aspects of the porous polymer field into one volume. It not only presents a fundamental description of the field, but also describes the state of the art for such materials and provides a glimpse into the future. Emphasizing a different aspect of the ongoing research and development in porous polymers, the book is divided into three sections: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. The first part of each chapter presents the basic scientific and engineering principles underlying the topic, while the second part presents the state of the art results based on those principles. In this fashion, the book connects and integrates topics from seemingly disparate fields, each of which embodies different aspects inherent in the diverse field of porous polymeric materials.
Download or read book Green Chemistry written by V.K. Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a large number of organic reactions performed under green conditions, which were earlier performed using anhydrous conditions and various volatile organic solvents. The conditions used involve green solvents like water, super critical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, polymer-supported reagents, polyethylene glycol and perfluorous liquids. A number of reactions have been conducted in solid state without using any solvent. Most of the reactions have been conducted under microwave irradiations and sonication. In large number of reactions, catalysts like phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and biocatalysts have been used. Providing the protocols that every laboratory should adopt, this book elaborates the principles of green chemistry and discusses the planning and preparations required to convert to green laboratory techniques. It includes applications relevant to practicing researchers, students and environmental chemists. This book is useful for students (graduate and postgraduate), researchers and industry professionals in the area of chemical engineering, chemistry and allied fields.
Book Synopsis A text-book of practical organic chemistry by : Arthur I. Vogel
Download or read book A text-book of practical organic chemistry written by Arthur I. Vogel and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Guide to HILIC by : Waters Corporation
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to HILIC written by Waters Corporation and published by Waters Corporation. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Comprehensive Guide to HILIC: Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography, a 72-page book, illustrates how HILIC works and how separation scientists can improve their success in separating and quantifying polar compounds in a variety of sample matrices. Looking for something else? Learn a new technique or technology with the Waters Primers Series, view other titles available here: http://www.wiley.com/go/waters
Book Synopsis Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry by : Somenath Mitra
Download or read book Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry written by Somenath Mitra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences.
Book Synopsis Biology of the Sialic Acids by : A. Rosenberg
Download or read book Biology of the Sialic Acids written by A. Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-07-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abraham Rosenberg assembles the groundbreaking work of preeminent international scientists to provide the most current, state-of-the-art presentation of research in siabiology. This concise volume examines the historical development of the field and reviews current knowledge on the genetic, immunologic, oncologic, neurodevelopmental, pathogenic, and cell regulatory properties of sialic acid. Outstanding features of this work include exhaustive reference material and detailed information tables.
