Allocation Of The Taxing Right To Payments For Cloud Computing As A Service

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International Taxation of Cloud Computing

Author : Alexander Weisser
Publisher : Éditions juridiques libres / Freier juristischer Verlag
ISBN 13 : 2889540316
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (895 download)

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Book Synopsis International Taxation of Cloud Computing by : Alexander Weisser

Download or read book International Taxation of Cloud Computing written by Alexander Weisser and published by Éditions juridiques libres / Freier juristischer Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud computing may be borderless, but taxes are territorial. It is easy to imagine how the two concepts can clash. Much effort has gone into harmonizing tax rules across borders with the result that many jurisdictions have very similar tax rules. Even so, taxation remains a basic expression of national sovereignty. The goal of this thesis is to examine how international tax law applies to the cross-border cloud computing business. Both, multinational providers and customers of cloud computing services are analyzed. Reflecting three traditional areas of international tax scholarship, the goal could be stated in three questions. Which jurisdictions have the right to tax? What kinds of cloud computing transactions can be taxed? What amount of the profit is taxable? In more technical terms, this means enquiring into how the use of cloud computing affects the permanent establishment status of taxpayers, how the different kinds of cloud computing transactions are characterized under international double taxation treaties, and how the calculation of taxable cloud computing profit is affected by transfer pricing. In light of the current political events, the thesis also offers recommendations de lege lata through a systematic approach. Its first part assesses the current taxation of cloud computing. The second part evaluates whether the findings of this initial assessment conform to various superior principles of good rulemaking. It identifies which of the present tax rules ought to be adapted. The final part considers how the rules could be amended to become more compliant with the superior principles. In this way, Part I embodies the thesis, Part II the antithesis, and Part III seeks a synthesis.

The Taxation of Fees for Technical Services on the Basis of Article 12A UN Model Convention

Author : David Orzechowski-Zölzer
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403543078
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Taxation of Fees for Technical Services on the Basis of Article 12A UN Model Convention by : David Orzechowski-Zölzer

Download or read book The Taxation of Fees for Technical Services on the Basis of Article 12A UN Model Convention written by David Orzechowski-Zölzer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although rules on the allocation of taxing rights for fees for technical services have been provided for in bilateral tax treaties by African, Asian, and South American countries for decades, it was only in the 2017 update that the UN Model Tax Treaty included Article 12A on the matter, thus suggesting its inclusion in the tax treaty network of its Member States. Consequently, from a cross-border perspective, the interpretation of Article 12A is of great importance for both taxpayers and tax authorities. This book presents the first comprehensive analysis of the scope of technical services in comparison to ordinary (non-technical) services and the differentiation between Article 12A and other allocation rules of the UN Model. The book’s analysis focuses on the interpretation of the concept of technical services by examining the historical evolution of Article 12 of the OECD and UN Models and the systematic context in which it is embedded. Aspects of this analysis examined include the following: the base-erosion principle as justification for establishing source taxing rights without the physical presence of the service provider in the state in which fees for technical services arise; whether the term ‘technical’ is sufficiently defined in the Commentaries to the UN Model or whether it shall be ascribed a different meaning to increase legal certainty for tax authorities and taxpayers; relevance of the OECD Model and its Commentaries as the basis for the UN Model and its Commentaries; rules of precedence concerning the application of Article 12A in relation to the other allocation rules of the UN Model; the connection between royalties and fees for technical services; application of Article 12A UN Model to challenges arising from the digitalized economy; and the allocation of taxing rights for fees for technical services rendered in a third state. Tax treaties of selected African countries are examined, as these countries were the earliest adopters of the concept of fees for technical services into their tax treaty network. The book also provides an overview of literature and jurisprudence on country practices in Brazil, India, and other countries, as well as relevant documents of international organizations. This book provides practitioners, government officials, and academics with a deep understanding of the interpretation and application of Article 12A UN Model. It will prove of great value in preparing for tax treaty negotiations and also in informing and advising enterprises that intend to conduct business in developing countries through the provision of specialized services.

Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age

Author : Katharina Artinger
Publisher : Nomos Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3748910452
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (489 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age by : Katharina Artinger

Download or read book Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age written by Katharina Artinger and published by Nomos Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Digitalisierung hat enorme Auswirkungen auf die Grundidee der Mehrwertsteuer: den Austausch von Leistungen für Konsumzwecke. Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf den Austausch von scheinbar "kostenlosen" Online-Dienstleistungen und die Zustimmung der Kunden zur Verwertung ihrer persönlichen Daten. Diese können der Mehrwertsteuer unterliegen, wobei die Bemessungsgrundlage auf Grundlage der Anbieterkosten berechnet werden muss. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Analyse der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer im Vergleich zu anderen theoretischen Konsummodellen. Auch andere digitale Geschäftsmodelle, wie die Sharing Economy oder Bitcoins, können unter die Idee der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer subsumiert werden. Dissertationspreis der Nürnberger Steuergespräche e.V. 2020

Article 12B UN Model Convention 2021

Author : Christian Knotzer
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 940352488X
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Article 12B UN Model Convention 2021 by : Christian Knotzer

Download or read book Article 12B UN Model Convention 2021 written by Christian Knotzer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-07-15 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking book – a major contribution addressing the imperative to find a solution to what has been labelled as the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of the Economy – provides the first comprehensive analysis of Article 12B of the UN Model Double Taxation Convention 2021, a model distributive rule for ‘Income from Automated Digital Services’. In extensive detail, the author thoroughly examines the article’s underlying principles, its individual provisions, the tax policy context that surrounds it, how it might be applied, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The author’s analysis (which includes a paragraph-by-paragraph discussion of the article and examines its Commentary in extensive detail) covers all aspects of the article and its significance, including the following: how to reconcile the approach taken by Article 12B UN Model Convention with general principles underlying the coordination of taxing claims; legal and tax policy relation to other provisions of the UN Model Convention and to the OECD/Inclusive Framework Pillar One/Amount A; influence of developing countries in forums of international tax coordination; the value of country positions and minority views in Model Conventions; categories of digital services; the novel option for annual net taxation in Article 12B(3) UN Model Convention; and the proposal for a UN fast-track instrument. It is not surprising that the ubiquitous digitalization of the economy has led to a widespread sense of unease in the international tax community. Practitioners and policymakers who face this issue in their day-to-day work will greatly appreciate this book’s clear explanation of how Article 12B UN Model Convention works and benefit from its consideration of how it is likely to be implemented in the international double taxation treaty network.

Tax Treaty Case Law around the Globe 2020

Author : Eric Kemmeren
Publisher : Linde Verlag GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3709411912
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Tax Treaty Case Law around the Globe 2020 by : Eric Kemmeren

Download or read book Tax Treaty Case Law around the Globe 2020 written by Eric Kemmeren and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2021-08-04 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Global Overview of International Tax Disputes on DTC This book is a unique publication that gives a global overview of international tax disputes in respect of double tax conventions and thereby fills a gap in the area of tax treaty case law. It covers the 32 most important tax treaty cases that were decided around the world in 2019. The systematic structure of each chapter allows for the easy and efficient study and comparison of the various methods adopted for applying and interpreting tax treaties in different cases. With the continuously increasing importance of tax treaties, “Tax Treaty Case Law around the Globe 2020” is a valuable reference tool for anyone interested in tax treaty case law, including tax practitioners, multinational businesses, policymakers, tax administrators, judges and academics.

Taxation in a Global Digital Economy

Author : Ina Kerschner
Publisher : Linde Verlag GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3709409055
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation in a Global Digital Economy by : Ina Kerschner

Download or read book Taxation in a Global Digital Economy written by Ina Kerschner and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time to discuss anti-BEPS measures around digitalization In the course of the BEPS Report on Action 1, it was concluded that there was no instantaneous need for specific rules to address base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) made possible by the digitalization of enterprises and new digital businesses. At the same time, it was acknowledged that general measures may not suffice with the assessment of results to begin in 2020. While awaiting possible fundamental reforms of the tax framework, it is time to discuss anti-BEPS measures bearing in mind the peculiar features of the digital economy such as increased mobility, no need for physical presence, and dematerialization. The Book focuses on five key areas of interest:International Tax PolicyTax Treaty LawTransfer PricingIndirect Taxation IssuesEU Law “Taxation in a Global Digital Economy” analyses the issues and addresses the five key areas of interest from various viewpoints.

State Taxation

Author : Jerome R. Hellerstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780791336496
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis State Taxation by : Jerome R. Hellerstein

Download or read book State Taxation written by Jerome R. Hellerstein and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Digitalization and Taxation in Asia

Author : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513577425
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Digitalization and Taxation in Asia by : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Digitalization and Taxation in Asia written by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digitalization in Asia is pervasive, unique, and growing. It stands out by its sheer scale, with internet users far exceeding numbers in other regions. This facilitates e-commerce in markets that are large by international standards, supported by innovative payment systems and featuring major corporate players, including a number of large, home-grown, highly digitalized businesses (tech giants) that rival US multinational enterprises (MNEs) in size. Opportunity for future growth exists, as a significant population share remains unconnected.

Schwarz on Tax Treaties

Author : Jonathan Schwarz
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403526319
Total Pages : 870 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Schwarz on Tax Treaties by : Jonathan Schwarz

Download or read book Schwarz on Tax Treaties written by Jonathan Schwarz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schwarz on Tax Treaties is the definitive analysis of tax treaties from United Kingdom and Irish perspectives and provides in-depth expert analysis of the interpretation and interaction of those treaty networks with the European Union and international law. The sixth edition significantly develops the earlier work with enhanced commentary and is updated to include the latest UK, Irish domestic and treaty developments, international and EU law, including: Covered Tax Agreements modified by the BEPS Multilateral Instrument; judicial decisions of Ireland, the UK and foreign courts on UK and Irish treaties; Digital Services Tax; treaty binding compulsory arbitration; Brexit and the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement; taxpayer rights in exchange of information; taxpayer rights in EU cross-border collection of taxes; attribution of profits to permanent establishments; and EU DAC 6 Disclosure of cross-border planning. Case law developments including: UK Supreme Court in Fowler v HMRC; Indian Supreme Court in Engineering Analysis Centre of Excellence Private Limited and Others v CIT; Australian Full Federal Court in Addy v CoT; French Supreme Administrative Court in Valueclick; English Court of Appeal in Irish Bank Resolution Corporation v HMRC; JJ Management and others v HMRC; United States Tax Court in Adams Challenge v CIR; UK Tax Tribunals in Royal Bank of Canada v HMRC; Lloyd-Webber v HMRC; Esso Exploration and Production v HMRC; Glencore v HMRC; McCabe v HMRC; Padfield v HMRC; Davies v HMRC; Uddin v HMRC; English High Court in Minera Las Bambas v Glencore; Kotton v First Tier Tribunal; and CJEU in N Luxembourg I, and others (the ‘Danish beneficial ownership cases’); État belge v Pantochim; College Pension Plan of British Columbia v Finanzamt München; HB v Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale. About the Author Jonathan Schwarz BA, LLB (Witwatersrand), LLM (UC Berkeley), FTII is an English Barrister at Temple Tax Chambers in London and is also a South African Advocate and a Canadian and Irish Barrister. His practice focuses on international tax disputes as counsel and as an expert and advises on solving cross-border tax problems. He is a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law, King’s College London University. He has been listed as a leading tax Barrister in both the Legal 500, for international corporate tax, and Chambers’ Guide to the Legal Profession, for international transactions and particular expertise in transfer pricing. He has been lauded in Who’s Who Legal, UK Bar for his ‘brilliant’ handling of cross-border tax problems. In Chambers Guide, he is identified as ‘the double tax guru’ with ‘extraordinary depth of knowledge and experience when it comes to tax treaty issues and is a creative thinker and a clear and meticulous writer’.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264218785
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy by : OECD

Download or read book OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an analysis of the challenges the spread of the digital economy poses for international taxation.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy, Action 1 - 2015 Final Report

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264241043
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy, Action 1 - 2015 Final Report by : OECD

Download or read book OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy, Action 1 - 2015 Final Report written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) is a key priority of governments. In 2013, OECD and G20 countries, working together on an equal footing, adopted a 15-point Action Plan to address BEPS. This publication is the final report for Action 1.

The Taxation of Permanent Establishments

Author : Sven Hentschel
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658340002
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis The Taxation of Permanent Establishments by : Sven Hentschel

Download or read book The Taxation of Permanent Establishments written by Sven Hentschel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the rules governing the taxation of permanent establishments as implemented in the OECD Model Tax Convention and German national tax law. Deviations between the OECD approach and the German approach are identified and modifications to the rules as a result of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project are examined. Moreover, challenges imposed to the PE concept as a result of the digitalisation of the economy are identified and discussed. Against this background, the Pillar One Blueprint proposing a long-term solution to overcome the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy is presented and assessed against widely accepted overarching principles of tax policy.

Justice, Equality and Tax Law

Author : Nevia Čičin-Šain
Publisher : Linde Verlag GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3709412587
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Justice, Equality and Tax Law by : Nevia Čičin-Šain

Download or read book Justice, Equality and Tax Law written by Nevia Čičin-Šain and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth analysis of the specific aspects of justice, equality and tax law "Justice, Equality and Tax Law" is a topic that is both old and new at the same time. Even if the society changes, the demands that tax needs to be just and equal seem to be immutable. What changes, of course, is the perception of the content of those demands. International taxation post-BEPS has been fraught with new challenges that warranted urgent responses. These challenges were mainly provoked by the unprecedented rise of the digital economy which truly marked a change in the way business is conducted, how value is created, and how goods and services are produced and consumed. Digitalization, in turn, had repercussions on all aspects of taxation - direct taxation, indirect taxation, and even tax procedures. For instance, the quest for more justice and equality in profit taxes was the reason why, in October 2021, a historical deal based on a two-pillar solution to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy was negotiated within the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and agreed upon by 137 member countries. It was also the motive behind the shift from a typical vendor collection model to an intermediary collection model supported by centralized registration points in indirect taxes, notably the VAT/GST. Abundant data from the European Union or the OECD signalized an ever-increasing gap between expected VAT revenues and VAT actually collected, making it obvious that the classical system of VAT/GST collection was unable to respond to challenges posed by the digital economy. Therefore, new solutions based on the participation of digital platforms as intermediaries had been introduced. Finally, new technologies, such as blockchain, paved new avenues in enhancing tax compliance. In this context, this volume entitled "Justice, Equality, and Tax Law" contains not only a selection of the best master ́s theses of the full-time LL.M. programme in 2021/2022 but also represents an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this evergreen topic.

Income Tax Treatment of Cooperatives: Handling of losses

Author : Donald A. Frederick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Income Tax Treatment of Cooperatives: Handling of losses by : Donald A. Frederick

Download or read book Income Tax Treatment of Cooperatives: Handling of losses written by Donald A. Frederick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS

Download OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS PDF Online Free

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264293086
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS by : OECD

Download or read book OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interim report of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS is a follow-up to the work delivered in 2015 under Action 1 of the BEPS Project on addressing the tax challenges of the digital economy.

Cloud Computing and Software Services

Author : Syed A. Ahson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439803161
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Cloud Computing and Software Services by : Syed A. Ahson

Download or read book Cloud Computing and Software Services written by Syed A. Ahson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you're already in the cloud, or determining whether or not it makes sense for your organization, Cloud Computing and Software Services: Theory and Techniques provides the technical understanding needed to develop and maintain state-of-the-art cloud computing and software services. From basic concepts and recent research findings to fut

Maldives

Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498323383
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Maldives by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Download or read book Maldives written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews tax policy in the Maldives and identifies reform options to support efficiency, equity, and revenue. The absence of a broad-based personal income tax (PIT) generates revenue leakages and significantly diminishes the role of tax policy in income redistribution. A modern tax design requires a holistic view of the taxation of different sources of income and different legal forms of taxpayers to maintain tax neutrality, to the extent possible, while preserving some degrees of progressivity, simplicity, and administrability. Moreover, updating the tax system to cope with recent international developments is vital to safeguard revenues. While strengthening the goods and services tax (GST) can raise revenues in the short- to medium-term, a property tax is an important option for the long-term. The diagram below demonstrates reform priorities, as identified in this report, to modernize tax policy in the Maldives.