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Aggressive Unilateralism
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Book Synopsis Aggressive Unilateralism by : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Download or read book Aggressive Unilateralism written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was formally part of the Studies in International Trade Policy Series, now called Studies in International Economics.
Book Synopsis Aggressive Unilateralism by : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Download or read book Aggressive Unilateralism written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was formally part of the Studies in International Trade Policy Series, now called Studies in International Economics.
Book Synopsis Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers by : Kathryn E. Spier
Download or read book Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers written by Kathryn E. Spier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Economic Unilateralism by : Julia Lowell
Download or read book U.S. Economic Unilateralism written by Julia Lowell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis US Aggressive Unilateralism and International Trade in the 1980's by : Paul Jeffery (M.Phil.)
Download or read book US Aggressive Unilateralism and International Trade in the 1980's written by Paul Jeffery (M.Phil.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multilateralism Versus Unilateralism by : Noële Crossley
Download or read book Multilateralism Versus Unilateralism written by Noële Crossley and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are various opinions on the relevance of the United Nations concerning the authorisation of the use of force. Idealists demand UN authorisation for any type of intervention and strict adherence to a narrow interpretation of international law. Realists have a more sceptical stance, arguing that international law and international institutions are only successful under specific circumstances. Neoconservatives defy international law and international institutions. These arguments are compared and then applied to several case studies. It is explained why unilateralist thinking is not viable; why the use of force in circumvention of the UN framework is never legal; and that cases where intervention is illegal but legitimate necessitate reform of international laws and institutions.
Book Synopsis Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy by : David Malone
Download or read book Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy written by David Malone and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore international reactions to U.S. conduct in world affairs.
Book Synopsis Constraining and Supporting Effects of the Multilateral Trading System on US Unilateralism by : Daniela Benavente
Download or read book Constraining and Supporting Effects of the Multilateral Trading System on US Unilateralism written by Daniela Benavente and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this paper is Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 of the United States, a statute that for the past 35 years has allowed the U.S. to unilaterally handle its trade disputes. More specifically, the paper examines the constraining and supporting effects of the multilateral trading system (GATT and WTO) on the effectiveness of Section 301 in general (127 cases), and of retaliatory threats and sanctions in particular (44 cases). In contrast with previous empirical papers, the emphasis is on the gradual interaction between both instances, with special attention to the escalation of the multilateral dispute and the timing of retaliatory threats and sanctions (if any). The paper shows that contrary to conventional wisdom, Section 301 has been less about "aggressive unilateralism" (Bhagwati and Patrick 1991) than about reinforcing the multilateral trading system and the U.S. agenda in it. Section 301 proceedings and retaliation were often used in contravention of international trade law; but they were also used as tools to enforce multilateral rulings or to advance the multilateral agenda upon non-Members or on new issues. To address the effectiveness question, a qualitative response model is used. Results confirm the hypothesis prevalent in the extant literature that a process of escalation at the GATT/WTO is correlated with a higher success rate of Section 301 investigations in changing the target country's policy. However, the impact is not linear; a settlement is more likely early in the bargaining stages rather than after a ruling is issued by a GATT/WTO panel. The empirical estimation is based on a comprehensive dataset on all Section 301 cases and on the related GATT/WTO dispute(s); and on 45 case studies outlined in the Appendix which, supplemented by the case studies of Bayard & Elliott (1994), are the basis for the coding of the dependent variable.
Book Synopsis Reciprocity and Retaliation in U.S. Trade Policy by : Thomas O. Bayard
Download or read book Reciprocity and Retaliation in U.S. Trade Policy written by Thomas O. Bayard and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 1994 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the United States use retaliatory threats to open foreign markets or deter unfair trading practices? This study reexamines the arguments for and against reciprocity and retaliatory threats in light of actual experience since early 1975, especially the United States' aggressive use of the section 301, special 301, and super 301 provisions of US trade law, which gives the president broad authority to retaliate against "unjustifiable, unreasonable, or discriminatory" foreign trade practices. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these policies and the circumstances under which they are likely to succeed or fail. The study contains an empirical assessment of all section 301 cases concluded between 1975 and 1993. It also provides detailed case studies of various trade conflicts, including the super 301 negotiations involving Japan, Brazil, India, Taiwan, and Korea, financial services disputes with Japan and the European Union, the US-EU conflict over oilseeds, and the US-Japan beef and citrus negotiations. It concludes with an assessment of how the world trading system will change in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round of multilateral negotiations and why it is necessary and desirable for US policy to move from aggressive unilateralism to a strategy of aggressive multilateralism.
Book Synopsis Who's Bashing Whom? by : Laura D'Andrea Tyson
Download or read book Who's Bashing Whom? written by Laura D'Andrea Tyson and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments around the world? This volume answers these questions on the basis of detailed and rigorous case studies of trade disputes between the United States, Japan, and Europe in aircraft, semiconductors, supercomputers, telecommunications, and other electronics products. Tyson proposes a "cautious activist" policy agenda to promote US competitiveness in high-technology sectors and to strengthen multilateral rules governing high-technology trade.
Book Synopsis Unilateralism in Conflict Resolution. Its Challenges in International Relations and Human Rights by : FREDERICK OMOYOMA. ODORIGE
Download or read book Unilateralism in Conflict Resolution. Its Challenges in International Relations and Human Rights written by FREDERICK OMOYOMA. ODORIGE and published by Grin Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 4.0, course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: This paper sets out to examine how and why a country takes decisions on international issues without recourse to consulting or liaising with other countries either in the execution of war or in the course of embarkation on peacemaking. Focus shall be on some wars and peace-making efforts solely planned and implemented without recourse to set international rules and respect for the protection of human rights and how it affects international relations. What are the impacts of such unilateral decisions? Some of these actions were adjudged either wrong or right especially when unilateralism was precipitated by the lack of consensus to reach negotiations or how unilateralism negatively affects other countries. From whatever position these actions are evaluated, it is a growing anomaly that could manifest dire consequences. What are the statistics of unilateralism in modern times? This thesis shall also examine how the international community responds to unilateralism in conflict resolution. How effective has the reactions of the United Nations towards unilateralism been to date? What are the causes, motivation and consequences of unilateralism? Unilateralism in itself does not determine the legitimacy or illegitimacy of an action. It is the circumstances of the action and the responses of other states that usually determine the legitimacy of unilateralism; especially if the action affects a third state. This thesis shall examine the effects of multilateral responses against unilateralism and how such responses have guarded the norms of international relations and human rights. When does multilateral inaction instigate unilateralism for global benefit? Why do majority of countries remain silent when a country wrongly embark upon a unilateral action to attack or annex another country?
Book Synopsis The World Trading System at Risk by : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Download or read book The World Trading System at Risk written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jagdish Bhagwati, one of the world's leading economists, offers a fascinating overview of the perils and promise facing the world trading system. That system is now being subjected to powerful centrifugal forces. Concerns with unfair trade are rampant, managed trade is increasingly popular, and regionalism is spreading. The United States, the traditional bulwark of multilateralism, has recently resorted to aggressive, unilateral tactics in trade policy. To a consideration of these developments, Bhagwati brings a unique blend of economic theory, historical scholarship, and familiarity with the institutions of world trade. Bhagwati refutes facile but fashionable criticisms of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Warning of the dangers of flouting the GATT's provisions, he shows that its underlying conception of trading by rules will be undermined if we extend accusations of "unfair trade" practices to areas as diverse as retail distribution systems, infrastructure spending, saving rates, and workers' rights. He challenges the economic and cultural stereotypes of Japan that fuel the sentiments supporting managed trade and aggressive unilateralism. In addition, he provides novel suggestions for rebuilding the GATT and with it the world trading system itself--suggestions that should prove useful at the Uruguay Round and beyond. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Just or Unjust War? by : Mohammad Taghi Karoubi
Download or read book Just or Unjust War? written by Mohammad Taghi Karoubi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the traditional theory of just war in the light of modern principles of international law relating to the prohibition on the use of force repeatedly stressed by UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) resolutions and accepted by the ICJ (International Court of Justice). The author expresses doubts as to whether actions by some permanent members of the Security Council starting from September 1996 until April 2003, in the Balkans and the Persian Gulf, are legitimate under the just war theory, or any other rules of international law, and analyses in detail the claims made by the allied powers to justify their actions. The book also examines the significance of the transformation in the limitation and prohibition of the use of force in the contemporary legal system, by studying the origin of those tenets and their reflection in both the national laws of individual states and the international laws of armed conflict.
Book Synopsis Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy by : David Malone
Download or read book Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy written by David Malone and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 2003 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the war on terrorism to global warming, from national missile defense to unilateral sanctions, the U.S. has been taken to task for coming on too strong-or for doing too little. This volume explores international reactions to U.S. conduct in world affairs. Authors from around the world address the tensions between unilateralism and multilateralism in U.S. foreign policy. Their careful analysis suggests that the U.S. inclination to go it alone may undermine not only long-term international support for U.S. leadership, but also the sustainability of valuable international institutions.
Book Synopsis United States Unilateralism and the World Trade Organization by : Daniel C. K. Chow
Download or read book United States Unilateralism and the World Trade Organization written by Daniel C. K. Chow and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ascendance of Donald J. Trump to the US Presidency coincided with the adoption of an aggressive US trade policy putting “America First” and backed by the use of unilateral trade sanctions by the US in defiance of the World Trade Organization. The basic tenets of US unilateralism, gleaned from legal sources propounded by the current US Administration, consists of three basic tenets: (1) the US will ignore any WTO decision with which it disagrees; (2) the US will unilaterally impose trade sanctions on WTO member nations without first consulting with or fulfilling any of the requirements of the WTO; and (3) the US will follow the law of the WTO or disregard it totally depending on whether it suits US needs, reducing the WTO to a mere instrumentality for US purposes. These positions have alienated US allies and antagonized powerful competitors, such as China, into retaliating on its own unilateral terms. US unilateralism threatens to undermine and reduce the WTO to irrelevance and to bring the world into a dangerous new era of economic nationalism and protectionism that can have catastrophic effects on the world economy.
Book Synopsis Striking First by : Michael W. Doyle
Download or read book Striking First written by Michael W. Doyle and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the United States have the right to defend itself by striking first, or must it wait until an attack is in progress? Is the Bush Doctrine of aggressive preventive action a justified and legal recourse against threats posed by terrorists and rogue states? Tackling one of the most controversial policy issues of the post-September 11 world, Michael Doyle argues that neither the Bush Doctrine nor customary international law is capable of adequately responding to the pressing security threats of our times. In Striking First, Doyle shows how the Bush Doctrine has consistently disregarded a vital distinction in international law between acts of preemption in the face of imminent threats and those of prevention in the face of the growing offensive capability of an enemy. Taking a close look at the Iraq war, the 1998 attack against al Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, among other conflicts, he contends that international law must rely more completely on United Nations Charter procedures and develop clearer standards for dealing with lethal but not immediate threats. After explaining how the UN can again play an important role in enforcing international law and strengthening international guidelines for responding to threats, he describes the rare circumstances when unilateral action is indeed necessary. Based on the 2006 Tanner Lectures at Princeton University, Striking First includes responses by distinguished political theorists Richard Tuck and Jeffrey McMahan and international law scholar Harold Koh, yielding a lively debate that will redefine how--and for what reasons--tomorrow's wars are fought.
Book Synopsis Historical Review of Developments Relating to Aggression by : United Nations
Download or read book Historical Review of Developments Relating to Aggression written by United Nations and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was prepared for the Working Group on the Crime of Aggression at the 8th session of Preparatory Commission, held in September-October 2001. The paper consists of four parts relating to: the Nuremberg tribunal; tribunals establish pursuant to Control Council Law number 10; the Tokyo tribunal; and the United Nations. Annexes contain tables regarding aggression by a State and individual responsibility for crimes against peace. The paper seeks to provide an objective, analytical overview of the history and major developments relating to aggression, both before and after the adoption of the UN Charter.
