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Aerosol Deposition In Healthy And Emphysematous Rat Lungs
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Book Synopsis Aerosol Deposition in Healthy and Emphysematous Rat Lungs by : Jessica M. Oakes
Download or read book Aerosol Deposition in Healthy and Emphysematous Rat Lungs written by Jessica M. Oakes and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the fate of inhaled aerosol particles in healthy and diseased lungs may help in assessing the toxic health effects of airborne particulate matter or the efficiency of therapeutic drugs delivered through the lung. This dissertation focused on determining aerosol particle deposition patterns in healthy and emphysematous rats lungs by utilizing experimental and numerical methods. In the experimental part of the study, both airway morphometry and deposition patterns were determined by MRI. In the morphometry study, healthy rat lungs were imaged in vivo. Airway geometries were extracted from the MR images and the morphometric dimensions were validated against previous studies. In the aerosol deposition study, healthy and emphysematous rats were exposed by mechanical ventilation to iron-oxide particles with 1.22[mu]m mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The lungs were imaged with a MR gradient echo sequence and the signal decay rate, R*2, was calculated from the signal intensity images. Data showed a significantly higher R*2 in the rats exposed to particles than in the control rats (no aerosol exposure) both for the healthy and emphysematous groups. A calibration experiment showed that concentration of deposited particles in tissue samples was linearly related to R*2. Particle concentration and relative dispersion of particle deposition sites in all lung lobes tended to be higher in the emphysematous rats compared to the healthy rats. To further study particle deposition sites in the rat lungs, multi-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed. The global resistance and compliance of the rat lungs were determined by solving a global resistance/compliance (RC) model. This same RC model was then employed as Neumann boundary conditions in the 0D-3D simulations. Deposition and distribution of particles to the rat lobes was determined for particles with the same diameter as those used in the experiments. Simulations were performed representing healthy, homogeneous and localized emphysema. Emphysema location was determined by utilizing findings from the experimental data. Deposition in the 3D model was higher in the emphysematous cases compared to the healthy cases. Additionally, there was an increase in delivery of particle-laden air to the diseased regions of the lung, compared to the healthy regions. Good agreement was found when comparing the simulated normalized delivery of particles to each lobe to the normalized experimental deposition data. This work is the first to compare deposition sites found numerically and experimentally in both healthy and emphysematous lungs. In future studies, the multi-scale CFD models developed here may be advanced to include particle tracking downstream of the 3D model.
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols by : Theodore F. Hatch
Download or read book Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols written by Theodore F. Hatch and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Occupational health monograph on the occupational health hazard of community air pollution, with particular reference to the USA - covers the physiology and pathology of respiratory deposition in respect of inhaled dust, and includes methodology and equipment for the sampling and measurement of aerosol exposure. References pp. 173 to 184.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Inhalation Aerosols by : Anthony J. Hickey
Download or read book Inhalation Aerosols written by Anthony J. Hickey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhalation aerosols continue to be the basis for successful lung therapy for several diseases, with therapeutic strategies and the range of technology significantly evolving in recent years. In response, this third edition takes a new approach to reflect the close integration of technology with its application. After briefly presenting the general considerations that apply to aerosol inhalation, the central section of the book uses the focus on disease and therapeutic agents to illustrate the application of specific technologies. The final integrated strategies section draws the major points from the applications for disease targets and drug products.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309037263 Total Pages :703 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :376 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (43 download)
Book Synopsis Airborne Particles by : National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles
Download or read book Airborne Particles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pathology of the Lungs E-Book by : Bryan Corrin
Download or read book Pathology of the Lungs E-Book written by Bryan Corrin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on practical diagnostic problem solving, Pathology of the Lungs, 3rd Edition provides the pulmonary pathologist and the general surgical pathologist with an accessible, comprehensive guide to the recognition and interpretation of common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung conditions. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The text is lavishly illustrated with the highest quality illustrations which accurately depict the histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologic findings under consideration and it is supplemented throughout with practical tips and advice from two internationally respected experts. The user-friendly design and format allows rapid access to essential information and the incorporation throughout of relevant clinical and radiographic information makes it a complete diagnostic resource inside the reporting room. Approximately 1,000 high quality full color illustrations.Provides the user with a complete visual guide to each specimen and assists in the recognition and diagnosis of any slide looked at under the microscope. Comprehensive coverage of both common and rare lung diseases and disorders. One stop consultation resource for the reporting room or study, no need to go further to get questions answered. Clinical background and ancillary radiographs incorporated throughout.Provides the user with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report. Practical advice and tips from two of the world’s recognized experts. Provides the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens. Consistent and uniform approach incorporated for each disease and disorder (Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, pathologic features, differential diagnosis) User-friendly format enables quick and easy navigation to the key information required. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and graphs throughout the text. Helps simplify and clarify complex concepts and facilitates “at a glance comparisons between entities. Extensive reference list highlights landmark articles as well as including most up-to-date citations. Directs the trainee and practitioner to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading and investigation
Book Synopsis Inhaled Medicines by : Stavros Kassinos
Download or read book Inhaled Medicines written by Stavros Kassinos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled medicines are widely used to treat pulmonary and systemic diseases. The efficacy and safety of these medicines can be influenced by the deposited fraction, the regional deposition pattern within the lungs and by post-depositional events such as drug dissolution, absorption and clearance from the lungs. Optimizing performance of treatments thus requires that we understand and are able to quantify these product and drug attributes. Inhaled Medicines: Optimizing Development through Integration of In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches explores the current state of the art with respect to inhalation drug delivery, technologies available to assess product performance, and novel in silico methods now available to link in vitro product performance to clinical performance. Recent developments in the latter field, especially the prospect of integration of three-dimensional Computational Fluid Particle Methods (3D-CFPD) with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK models), unlocks the potential for in silico population studies that can help inform and optimize treatment and product development strategies. In this highly multidisciplinary field, where progress occurs at the intersection of several disciplines of engineering and science, this work aims to integrate current knowledge and understanding and to articulate a clear vision for future developments. Considers the healthcare needs driving the field, and where inhaled drugs could have the maximum impact Gives a concise account of the state of the art in key areas and technologies such as device and formulation technologies, clinically relevant in vitro performance assessment, medical imaging, as well as in silico modelling and simulation Articulates how the combination of in vitro product performance data, medical imaging and simulations technologies in the framework of large scale in silico pre-clinical trials could revolutionize the field Provides systematic and thorough referencing to sources offering a more-in-depth analysis of technical issues
Book Synopsis Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology by : Roger O. McClellan
Download or read book Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology written by Roger O. McClellan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-09-25 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments have provided new data on the subject of inhalation toxicology, requiring an update of the previous edition of this popular text. Like the first, this second edition explains the basic concepts and quantitative approaches in inhalation toxicology, and it gives a comprehensive treatment of evaluations of respiratory responses to inhaled particles and gases. The author here explores new understanding of the role of cytokines in pulmonary inflammation and risk assessment. Immunologists, oncologists, respiratory specialists and students in those fields will find Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology to be essential to their practice.
Author :National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1212 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Research Grants Index by : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subject Index of Current Research Grants and Contracts Administered by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute by : National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Download or read book Subject Index of Current Research Grants and Contracts Administered by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute written by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography on Smoking and Health by :
Download or read book Bibliography on Smoking and Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lung Disease by : Reuben M. Cherniack
Download or read book Lung Disease written by Reuben M. Cherniack and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Report - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences by : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Download or read book Annual Report - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences written by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research by :
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung by : Richard A. Parent
Download or read book Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung written by Richard A. Parent and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung, Second Edition, offers a rigorous and comprehensive reference for all those involved in pulmonary research. This fully updated work is divided into sections on anatomy and morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and immunological response. It continues to provide a unique comparative perspective on the mammalian lung. This edition includes several new chapters and expanded content, including aging and development of the normal lung, mechanical properties of the lung, genetic polymorphisms, the comparative effect of stress of pulmonary immune function, oxygen signaling in the mammalian lung and much more. By addressing scientific advances and critical issues in lung research, this 2nd edition is a timely and valuable work on comparative data for the interpretation of studies of animal models as compared to the human lung. - Edited and authored by experts in the field to provide an excellent and timely review of cross-species comparisons that will help you interpret and compare data from animal studies to human findings - Incorporates lung anatomy and physiology, cell specific interactions and immunological responses to provide you with a single and unique multidisciplinary source on the comparative biology of the normal lung - Includes new and expanded content on neonatal and aged lungs, developmental processes, cell signaling, antioxidants, airway cells, safety pharmacology and much more - Section IV on Physical and Immunological Defenses has been significantly updated with 9 new chapters and an increased focus on the pulmonary immunological system
