Advances In Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

Download Advances In Nucleic Acid Therapeutics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Advances In Nucleic Acid Therapeutics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

Author : Sudhir Agrawal
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788017323
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics by : Sudhir Agrawal

Download or read book Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics written by Sudhir Agrawal and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sequencing of the human genome and subsequent elucidation of the molecular pathways that are important in the pathology of disease have provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of new therapeutics. Nucleic acid-based drugs have emerged in recent years to yield extremely promising candidates for drug therapy to a wide range of diseases. Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics is a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the field, covering the background of the development of nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes to the array of drug development approaches currently being pursued using antisense, RNAi, aptamer, immune modulatory and other synthetic oligonucleotides. Nucleic acid therapeutics is a field that has been continually innovating to meet the challenges of drug discovery and development; bringing contributions together from leaders at the forefront of progress, this book depicts the many approaches currently being pursued in both academia and industry. A go-to volume for medicinal chemists, Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics provides a broad overview of techniques of contemporary interest in drug discovery.

Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids

Author : Surendra Nimesh
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081005636
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids by : Surendra Nimesh

Download or read book Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids written by Surendra Nimesh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids addresses several issues related to safe and effective delivery of nucleic acids (NAs) using nanoparticles. A further emphasis would be laid on the mechanism of delivery of NAs, the barriers encountered and the strategies adapted to combat them. An exhaustive account of the advantages as well shortcomings of all the delivery vectors being employed in delivery of various NAs will be provided. On final note the regulatory aspects of nanoparticles mediated NA would be discussed, with focus on their clinical relevance. The design and development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics for the treatment of diseases arising from genetic abnormalities has made significant progress over the past few years. NAs have been widely explored for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases or to block cell proliferation and thereby caused diseases. Advances in synthetic oligonucleotide chemistry resulted in synthesis of NAs that are relatively stable in in vivo environments. However, cellular targeting and intracellular delivery of NAs still remains a challenge. Further development of NA-based therapeutics depends on the progress of safe and effective carriers for systemic administration. Nanomedicine has facilitated availability of vectors with diminished cytotoxicity and enhanced efficacy which are rapidly emerging as systems of choice. These vectors protect NAs from enzymatic degradation by forming condensed complexes along with targeted tissue and cellular delivery. During the past few years, a myriad reports have appeared reporting delivery of NAs mediated by nanoparticles. This book will provide an overview of nanoparticles being employed in the in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutically relevant NAs like DNA, siRNA, LNA, PNA, etc. - Provides a complete overview of the applicatiosn of nanomedicine in the delivery of nucleic acids, from characterization of nanoparticles, to in vitro and in vivo studies - Discusses delivery issues of less well explored nucleic acids, like PNAs, Ribozymes, DNAzymes, etc. - Summarizes the current state of research in nucleic acid delivery and underscores the future of nanomedicine in this field

Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

Author : Jens Kurreck
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 0854041168
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (54 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Therapeutic Oligonucleotides by : Jens Kurreck

Download or read book Therapeutic Oligonucleotides written by Jens Kurreck and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a compelling overall update on current status of RNA interference

Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

Author : Michael J Gait
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788012097
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics by : Michael J Gait

Download or read book Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics written by Michael J Gait and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sequencing of the human genome and subsequent elucidation of the molecular pathways that are important in the pathology of disease have provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of new therapeutics. Nucleic acid-based drugs have emerged in recent years to yield extremely promising candidates for drug therapy to a wide range of diseases. Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics is a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the field, covering the background of the development of nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes to the array of drug development approaches currently being pursued using antisense, RNAi, aptamer, immune modulatory and other synthetic oligonucleotides. Nucleic acid therapeutics is a field that has been continually innovating to meet the challenges of drug discovery and development; bringing contributions together from leaders at the forefront of progress, this book depicts the many approaches currently being pursued in both academia and industry. A go-to volume for medicinal chemists, Advances in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics provides a broad overview of techniques of contemporary interest in drug discovery.

Nucleic Acid Drugs

Author : Akira Murakami
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364230463X
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nucleic Acid Drugs by : Akira Murakami

Download or read book Nucleic Acid Drugs written by Akira Murakami and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-04 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Antisense Strategies: Chemical Synthesis of RNA Oligomers, by Junichi Yano und Gerald E. Smyth Development and Modification of Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides for Clinical Application, by Mariana Kiomy Osako, Hironori Nakagami und Ryuichi Morishita Modulation of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Immune Responses by Synthetic Oligonucleotides, by Ekambar R. Kandimalla und Sudhir Agrawal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Drugs, by Yan Lee und Kazunori Kataoka Aptamer: Biology to Applications, by Yoshikazu Nakamura Development and Clinical Applications of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, by Veenu Aishwarya, Anna Kalota und Alan M. Gewirtz

Nucleic Acid Nanotheranostics

Author : Marco Filice
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780128144701
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (447 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nucleic Acid Nanotheranostics by : Marco Filice

Download or read book Nucleic Acid Nanotheranostics written by Marco Filice and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleic Acid Nanotheranostics: Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive overview of improvements and new trends in fabrication of nanostructures as theranostic multifunctional carriers in gene therapy. With a strong focus on medical applications (comprising diagnosis, therapy and imaging), the book also examines gene therapy in an individual patient's cells or tissues to treat genetic diseases. Sections cover Biomedical and Diagnostic applications of Nucleic Acids, Biologic and Synthetic Advanced Nanostructures for nucleic acid delivery, and important considerations of nanomedicine. This book is a valuable guide for materials scientists, physicians, chemists and engineers, but is also ideal for clinicians wishing to expand their knowledge.

Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy

Author : Loutfy H. Madkour
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128197781
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy by : Loutfy H. Madkour

Download or read book Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy written by Loutfy H. Madkour and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy highlights the most recent developments in cancer treatment using nucleic acids, nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles for genomic nanocarriers as drug delivery, including promising opportunities for targeted and combination therapy. The development of a wide spectrum of nanoscale technologies is beginning to change the scientific landscape in terms of disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This book presents the use of nanotechnology for medical applications, focusing on its use for anticancer drug delivery. Various intelligent drug delivery systems such as inorganic nanoparticles and polymer-based drug delivery are discussed. The use of smart drug delivery systems seems to be a promising approach for developing intelligent therapeutic systems for cancer immunotherapies and is discussed in detail along with nucleic acid-targeted drug delivery combination therapy for cancer. Nucleic Acids as Gene Anticancer Drug Delivery Therapy will be a useful reference for pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologiests, and those involved in nanotechnology and cancer research. - Discusses intelligent drug delivery systems such as inorganic nanoparticles and polymer-based drug delivery - Contains a comprehensive comparison of various delivery systems, listing their advantages and limitations - Presents combination therapy as a new hope for enhancing current gene-based treatment efficacy

Delivery Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals

Author : Lene Jorgensen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470688408
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Delivery Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals by : Lene Jorgensen

Download or read book Delivery Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals written by Lene Jorgensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-23 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in biotechnology have provided scientists with an increasing number of biopharmaceuticals such as novel peptide and protein drugs as well as nucleic acid based drugs for gene therapy. However, successful delivery of these biopharmaceuticals is a major challenge because their molecular properties lead to poor physical and chemical stability in the body and limited membrane permeability. Therefore researchers are developing a range of new delivery technologies and materials to enable these new drugs to be delivered intact to their target sites. Delivery Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals describes strategies to overcome the main barriers for successful delivery of therapeutic peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid-based drugs or vaccines related to the site of administration and the target site. Many of the approaches described are reported in formulations in current clinical trials as well as in marketed products. Contents include: challenges in delivery of biopharmaceuticals novel formulation approaches for peptide and protein injectables non-viral chemical vectors and viral technology for delivery of nucleic acid based drugs immune response, adjuvants and delivery systems for vaccines several examples of delivery systems for different biopharmaceuticals a critical assessment of delivery technologies for biopharmaceuticals Delivery Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals is an essential single-volume introduction to the technologies used by researchers to ensure efficient delivery of this exciting new class of drugs. It will be of value to researchers and students working in drug delivery, formulation, biopharmaceuticals, medicinal chemistry, and new materials development.

Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

Author : Satoshi Obika
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981131912X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides by : Satoshi Obika

Download or read book Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides written by Satoshi Obika and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest knowledge on a broad range of topics relating to the synthesis of natural and artificial oligonucleotides with therapeutic potential. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are attracting much attention, and numerous therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, splice-switching oligonucleotides, and nucleic acid aptamers, are being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides covers a broad range of topics in the field that are of high relevance to researchers, including the synthesis of natural and chemically modified oligonucleotides, the development of novel nucleic acid analogs, industrial scale synthesis and purification of oligonucleotides, and important aspects of chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC). The aim is to provide new insights and inspire fresh ideas in nucleic acid chemistry that may ultimately lead to novel concepts and techniques and the discovery of more effective nucleic acid drugs. The book will be of high value for both established researchers in the field and students intending to specialize in nucleic acid chemistry research.

Modified Nucleic Acids

Author : Kazuhiko Nakatani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319271113
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modified Nucleic Acids by : Kazuhiko Nakatani

Download or read book Modified Nucleic Acids written by Kazuhiko Nakatani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book spans diverse aspects of modified nucleic acids, from chemical synthesis and spectroscopy to in vivo applications, and highlights studies on chemical modifications of the backbone and nucleobases. Topics discussed include fluorescent pyrimidine and purine analogs, enzymatic approaches to the preparation of modified nucleic acids, emission and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for studying nucleic acid structure and dynamics, non-covalent binding of low- and high-MW ligands to nucleic acids and the design of unnatural base pairs. This unique book addresses new developments and is designed for graduate level and professional research purposes.

Antisense Drug Technology

Author : Stanley T. Crooke
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439832501
Total Pages : 858 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Antisense Drug Technology by : Stanley T. Crooke

Download or read book Antisense Drug Technology written by Stanley T. Crooke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-25 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised and updated, Antisense Drug Technology: Principles, Strategies, and Applications, Second Edition reflects the logarithmic progress made in the past four years of oligonucleotide-based therapies, and, in particular, antisense therapeutics and research. Interpreting lessons learned from the clinical trials of first generati

Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics

Author : Nicolay Ferrari
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118537335
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics by : Nicolay Ferrari

Download or read book Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics written by Nicolay Ferrari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of contemporary antisense oligonucleotides drugs and therapeutic principles, methods, applications, and research Oligonucleotide-based drugs, in particular antisense oligonucleotides, are part of a growing number of pharmaceutical and biotech programs progressing to treat a wide range of indications including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, and respiratory diseases, as well as other severe and rare diseases. Reviewing fundamentals and offering guidelines for drug discovery and development, this book is a practical guide covering all key aspects of this increasingly popular area of pharmacology and biotech and pharma research, from the basic science behind antisense oligonucleotides chemistry, toxicology, manufacturing, to safety assessments, the design of therapeutic protocols, to clinical experience. Antisense oligonucleotides are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. While the idea of antisense oligonucleotides to target single genes dates back to the 1970's, most advances have taken place in recent years. The increasing number of antisense oligonucleotide programs in clinical development is a testament to the progress and understanding of pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties as well as improvement in the delivery of oligonucleotides. This valuable book reviews the fundamentals of oligonucleotides, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotide drugs, and reports on the latest research underway worldwide. • Helps readers understand antisense molecules and their targets, biochemistry, and toxicity mechanisms, roles in disease, and applications for safety and therapeutics • Examines the principles, practices, and tools for scientists in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and how to apply them to antisense oligonucleotides • Provides guidelines for scientists in drug design and discovery to help improve efficiency, assessment, and the success of drug candidates • Includes interdisciplinary perspectives, from academia, industry, regulatory and from the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, biology, and medicinal chemistry Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics belongs on the reference shelves of chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, toxicologists and other scientists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It will also be a valuable resource for regulatory specialists and safety assessment professionals and an important reference for academic researchers and post-graduates interested in therapeutics, antisense therapy, and oligonucleotides.

Advances in Synthetic Biology

Author : Vijai Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811500819
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Synthetic Biology by : Vijai Singh

Download or read book Advances in Synthetic Biology written by Vijai Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the design of emerging conceptual tools, technologies and systems including novel synthetic parts, devices, circuits, oscillators, biological gates, and small regulatory RNAs (riboregulators and riboswitches), which serve as versatile control elements for regulating gene expression. Synthetic biology, a rapidly growing field that involves the application of engineering principles in biology, is now being used to develop novel systems for a wide range of applications including diagnostics, cell reprogramming, therapeutics, enzymes, vaccines, biomaterials, biofuels, fine chemicals and many more. The book subsequently summarizes recent developments in technologies for assembling synthetic genomes, minimal genomes, synthetic biology toolboxes, CRISPR-Cas systems, cell-free protein synthesis systems and microfluidics. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource not only for beginners in synthetic biology, but also for researchers, students, scientists, clinicians, stakeholders and policymakers interested in the potential held by synthetic biology.

Nucleic Acids

Author : Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535122649
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nucleic Acids by : Marcelo Larramendy

Download or read book Nucleic Acids written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, "Nucleic Acids - From Basic Aspects to Laboratory Tools", contains a series of chapters that highlight the development and status of the various aspects of the nucleic acids related to DNA chemistry and biology and the molecular application of these small DNA molecules and related synthetic analogues within biological systems. Furthermore, it is hoped that the information in the present book will be of value to those directly engaged in the handling and use of nucleic acids, and that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all who are interested in the different fascinating aspects of molecular biology.

RNA-RNA Interactions

Author : Frank J. Schmidt
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493918959
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis RNA-RNA Interactions by : Frank J. Schmidt

Download or read book RNA-RNA Interactions written by Frank J. Schmidt and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study RNA. These methods are presented as a guidebook to scientists who are experienced with RNA research and want to brush up on a new technique. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and intuitive, RNA-RNA Interactions: Methods and Protocols guides scientists investigating biological systems and studying RNA.

Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives

Author : Jesús Fernández Lucas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527343768
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives by : Jesús Fernández Lucas

Download or read book Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives written by Jesús Fernández Lucas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species.

Cell Culture Engineering

Author : Wei-Shu Hu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540340076
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cell Culture Engineering by : Wei-Shu Hu

Download or read book Cell Culture Engineering written by Wei-Shu Hu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-08-16 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of recombinant human growth hormone and insulin a quarter century ago, protein therapeutics has greatly broadened the ho- zon of health care. Many patients suffering with life-threatening diseases or chronic dysfunctions, which were medically untreatable not long ago, can attest to the wonder these drugs have achieved. Although the ?rst generation of p- tein therapeutics was produced in recombinant Escherichia coli, most recent products use mammalian cells as production hosts. Not long after the ?rst p- duction of recombinant proteins in E. coli, it was realized that the complex tasks of most post-translational modi?cations on proteins could only be ef?ciently carried out in mammalian cells. In the 1990s, we witnessed a rapid expansion of mammalian-cell-derived protein therapeutics, chie?y antibodies. In fact, it has been nearly a decade since the market value of mammalian-cell-derived protein therapeutics surpassed that of those produced from E. coli. A common characteristic of recent antibody products is the relatively large dose required for effective therapy, demanding larger quantities for the treatment of a given disease. This, coupled with the broadening repertoire of protein drugs, has rapidly expanded the quantity needed for clinical applications. The increasing demand for protein therapeutics has not been met exclusively by construction of new manufacturing plants and increasing total volume capacity. More - portantly the productivity of cell culture processes has been driven upward by an order of magnitude in the past decade.