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Addition Of Trim Coils To The Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade Tmx U Magnet System To Improve The Magnetic Field Mapping
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Book Synopsis Addition of Trim Coils to the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Magnet System to Improve the Magnetic Field Mapping by :
Download or read book Addition of Trim Coils to the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Magnet System to Improve the Magnetic Field Mapping written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mapping of the magnetic flux bundle from the center cell to the Plasma Potential Control plates (PPC) on the end fan of the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U), was improved by the addition of trim coils (12,000 amp-turns) on each side of each end fan next to the pump beam magnetic shields. The coils' axes are oriented perpendicular to the machine centerline. These coils made the necessary corrections to the field-line mapping, while keeping the field in the nearby pump beam magnetic shield below the saturation threshold. This paper briefly describes the problem, discusses the design as it evolved, and presents the results of the field testing. The disturbance to the field mapping and the appropriate corrections were determined using the code GFUN (a three dimensional electromagnetic field analysis code that includes the presence of permeable materials). The racetrack-shaped coils have dimensions of 1.5 feet by 3 feet and are powered by a renovated 600 kW Bart-Messing power supply controlled by the machine's magnet control system. The magnets were fabricated from polyimide-coated magnet wire. They are rated to 200°C, although in pulsed operation they rise only a few degrees centigrade. The coils are placed outside of the vacuum system, and thus are considerably simpler than the other machine magnets. The restraints are designed to withstand a force of 1000 pounds per coil and a turning moment of 1000 foot pounds. The calculated field strengths were verified on the machine by inserting a Hall probe along the axis. The perturbations to the neutral beam magnetic shields were also measured. A brief description of the improvement in the machine performance is also included.
Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Throttle, Mechanical Design, Construction, Installation, and Alignment by :
Download or read book Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Throttle, Mechanical Design, Construction, Installation, and Alignment written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We will soon add a high-field axisymmetric throttle region to the central cell of the TMX-U. Field amplitude will be adjusted between 2.25 and 6.0 T. This field is produced by adding a high-field solenoid and a cee coil to each end of the central cell. We describe these coils as well as the additions to the restraint structure. We analyzed the stresses within the solenoid using the STANSOL code. In addition, we performed a finite-element structural analysis of the complete magnet set with the SAP4 code. Particular attention was paid to the transition section where the new magnets were added and where the currents in the existing magnets were increased. The peak temperature rise in the throttle coil was calculated to be 41°C above ambient.
Book Synopsis Construction and Operational Experience of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Construction and Operational Experience of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) incorporates two new features at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) tandem mirror program, thermal barriers in the end plugs and injection of the neutral beams at several oblique angles. The thermal barriers isolate the electrons in the end plugs from those in the central cell, making it possible to heat them independently with microwaves. In addition, this innovation produces a large potential gradient in the end plugs with lower magnetic fields and lower neutral-beam energies than would be possible in a conventional tandem mirror device. The TMX-U is also designed to test neutral-beam-injection angles as an experimental parameter. We use angles other than 90° to produce a plasma with improved microstability.
Book Synopsis Computer Aided Design on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Computer Aided Design on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been using a Computer Aided Design (CAD) graphics system to enhance its design capabilities since November of 1984. Three-dimensional models of the TMX-U magnet set, neutral beams, plasma, and containment vessel have been modeled on the system. These models are used for location verification, diagnostic placement, interference checking, and visualization of complex shapes generated on the Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center (MFECC) mainframes. The graphics system used at LLNL is a Computervision multi-application graphics system. Four other fusion laboratories, Princeton, Oak Ridge, General Atomic, and Los Alamos, have purchased this same CAD system. These sites are linked through the MFE computer network to allow for the exchange of design files and the transfer of physics and engineering data to and from the CAD systems. This paper gives examples of how the CAD system has been used to solve design and engineering problems for the TMX-U.
Download or read book Fusion Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Overview-recent Events by :
Download or read book Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Overview-recent Events written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its construction and commissioning was completed in the winter of 1981, the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) has been conducting tandem mirror thermal barrier experiments. The work, following the fall of 1983 when strong plugging with thermal barriers was achieved, has been directed toward controlling radial transport and forming thermal barriers with high density and Beta. This paper describes the overall engineering component of these efforts. Major changes to the machine have included vacuum improvements, changes to the Electron and Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating systems (ECRH and ICRH), and the installation of a Plasma Potential Control system (PPC) for radial transport reduction. TMX-U operates an extensive diagnostics system that acquires data from 21 types of diagnostic instruments with more than 600 channels, in addition to 246 machine parameters. The changes and additions will be presented. The closing section of this paper will describe the initial study work for a proposed TMX-U octupole configured machine.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vacuum Measurements on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Fusion Experiment by :
Download or read book Vacuum Measurements on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) Fusion Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gas inventory of the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) must be carefully controlled, if it is to successfully create various plasma configurations for thermal-barrier experiments designed to provide an improved performance for tandem-mirror experiments. This paper is a progress report on the calibration methods and pressure measurements of machine conditions deriving from recently improved neutral-beam gas control, and changes to the internal baffling geometry and the gettering system.
Book Synopsis Status of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) Diagnostic System by :
Download or read book Status of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) Diagnostic System written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the current status of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) diagnostics system. For the initial instruments active on TMX-U, the expansions or upgrades that have been implemented are outlined. For the newly added systems, more implementation details are presented.
Book Synopsis Organization and Performance of the Neutral Beam System for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Organization and Performance of the Neutral Beam System for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) uses 24 neutral-beam injectors to heat and fuel the experimental plasmas. This system is unique because TMX-U operates four times more injectors than any other fusion experiment. These injectors deliver an average of 50 A (accel) at 17 keV for 75 ms. Source conditioning time has been reduced to approximately four days for the entire system after extended machine air cycles. TMX-U is also unique because it has 35 usable injector assemblies for the 24 power systems. This quantity of injectors makes possible the development of new hardware and injector modifications, and the reconditioning of damaged sources without affecting machine operation. Efficient operation of a system of this size requires coordinated interaction between the injector service groups and the physics organization. We describe the current state of TMX-U performance and the aspects of group interaction essential to a project of this size.
Book Synopsis TMX-U (Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade) Tandem-mirror Thermal-barrier Experiments by :
Download or read book TMX-U (Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade) Tandem-mirror Thermal-barrier Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal-barrier experiments have been carried out in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). Measurements of nonambipolar and ambipolar radial transport show that these transport processes, as well as end losses, can be controlled at modest densities and durations. Central-cell heating methods using ion-cyclotron heating (ICH) and neutral-beam injection have been demonstrated. Potential mesurements with recently developed methods indicate that deep thermal barriers can be established.
Book Synopsis Review of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) Machine-parameter-instrumentation System by :
Download or read book Review of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) Machine-parameter-instrumentation System written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) machine consists of seven major machine subsystems: magnet system, neutral beam system, microwave heating (ECRH), ion heating (ICRH), gas fueling, stream guns, and vacuum system. Satisfactory performance of these subsystems is necessary to achieve the experimental objectives planned for TMX-U operations. Since the performance quality of the subsystem is important and can greatly affect plasma parameters, a 233-channel instrumentation system has been installed. Data from the instrumentation system are acquired and stored with the plasma diagnostic information. Thus, the details of the machine performance are available during post-shot analysis. This paper describes all the machine-parameter-instrumentation hardware, presents some typical data, and outlines how the data are used.
Book Synopsis Octupole Coil Configuration for the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). by :
Download or read book Octupole Coil Configuration for the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U). written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The octupole plug concept offers the attractive possibility of reducing the length of the plug and transition sections in tandem mirror reactors. In the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U), we are designing an octupole plug-transition that will replace our current quadrupole plug-transition. The reduction in length is made possible by the more nearly circular plasma cross section throughout the plug and transition sections. The principal physics of the design is the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stabilization of the core plasma in the plug by a hot electron ring in the mantle region surrounding the core. This hot electron mantle is MHD stable because of the good curvature field lines provided by the octupole. The positive radial pressure gradient in the hot electron mantle in turn stabilizes the core's plasma. Each octupole set consists of six coils replacing the transition and plug sets in the existing TMX-U experiment. The central cell coils will remain unchanged. Five of the coils for each of the new sets will be fabricated, while one, the 6-T mirror coil, will be reused from TMX-U. This paper will elaborate on the design configuration of the magnets. In particular, the configuration provides for adequate neutral beam lines-of-sight, and access for 0.615 MW of electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) on each end.
Book Synopsis Experimental Results from TMX-U. [Tandem Mirror Experiment-Update]. by :
Download or read book Experimental Results from TMX-U. [Tandem Mirror Experiment-Update]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the recent results from the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Update(TMX-U). Many of these results can be divided into two major areas: (1) axial confinement and plasma potential, and (2) radial transport and total confinement (i.e., particle balance). Among the key observations to be discussed are the following: When the ion-confining potential theta/sub ic/ is small, theta/sub ic//T/sub i/ approx. 1 to 2, the axial confinement time scales as the theoretical Pastukhov time. Deep thermal barriers (theta/sub b/ approx. 0.7 kV, theta/sub b//T/sub e/ approx. 6 to 7) have been measured, but there is no strong correlation between ion-confining potential and the thermal-barrier depth. By installing a calibrated H/sub .cap alpha./ emission diagnostic to measure the ionization current, we have quantified particle balance between the ionization source current and the four plasma current channels: (1) axial losses, (2) nonambipolar radial losses, (3) ambipolar radial losses, and (4) density changes. All current channels are directly measured except for the ambipolar current, which is inferred from the particle balance equation. TMX-U operation above 1 to 3 x 1012 cm−3 is dominated by current channel (1) and below 1 x 1012 cm−3 by one or more of the remaining three channels. Central-cell particle buildup has been observed for one or two e-foldings and, within the radial core, found consistent with particle balance.
Book Synopsis Initial Results of the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory by :
Download or read book Initial Results of the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial experimental results from the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) are presented. Axial profiles of the plasma density and potential necessary for electrostatically enhanced confinement of the central-cell ions have been generated and sustained for the duration of neutral-beam injection. The resulting central-cell ion confinement against axial loss is improved by a factor as large as 9 above that given by magnetic confinement alone. The plasma exhibits gross magnetohydrodynamic stability and microstability. Under some conditions, a residual level of ion cyclotron fluctuations in the end cells heats the central-cell ions and degrades their confinement.
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