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Adaptive Video Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks
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Book Synopsis Adaptive Video Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks by : Ala Eldin Omer Mohamed
Download or read book Adaptive Video Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks written by Ala Eldin Omer Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Several challenges face reliable video streaming over wireless networks due to the stringent requirements of high data rate, low error rate, and limited end-to-end delay. Cognitive radio (CR) networks offer a great advantage to unlicensed users (typically called secondary users) by allowing them to exploit the unused spectrum of licensed users (known as primary users) on an opportunistic basis. However, it is more challenging to deliver video services over dynamic CR channels that are available to secondary users not only intermittently but with all the challenges of wireless channels. In this research, several frameworks are proposed to stream different scalable videos from a base station to multiple secondary users over a CR network. The objective of this study is to ensure that end users will enjoy continuous video playback with acceptable perceptual quality. To achieve such a goal, a channel allocation algorithm is introduced to adaptively assign the available radio channels to secondary users while taking into considerations the quality of their assigned channels as well as their buffer occupancies. In addition, different streaming algorithms are devised to ensure the delivery of scalable video frames, with base and enhancement layers, within the delay constraints with priority given to the base-layer frames to guarantee the continuity of video playback. Moreover, adaptive modulation is used based on the importance of transmitted video information and the channel state information (CSI) as fed-back by secondary users. Extensive simulations are performed using SimEvents simulator in MATLAB, the results of which show that the proposed schemes that integrate the devised channel allocation and streaming algorithms with adaptive modulation and scalable source coding techniques react to the variations in the channel conditions and the dynamics of the secondary users’ playback buffers in an acceptable fashion. This in turn resulted in efficient usage of the available CR resources as demonstrated in the achieved peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed video streams with no interruptions in the playback process. It has also been shown that scalable videos outperform their single-layer counterparts in terms of the achieved video quality. Finally, it is shown that joint adaptive modulation and channel coding results in improved bandwidth utilization, continuous playback and enhanced perceptual video quality at the secondary users end."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Video over Cognitive Radio Networks by : Shiwen Mao
Download or read book Video over Cognitive Radio Networks written by Shiwen Mao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the problem of video streaming over emerging cognitive radio (CR) networks. The book discusses the problems and techniques for scalable video streaming over cellular cognitive radio networks, ad hoc CR networks, cooperative CR networks, and femtocell CR networks. The authors formulate these problems and propose optimal algorithms to solve these problems. Also the book analyzes the proposed algorithms and validates the algorithms with simulations.
Book Synopsis Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks by : Shweta Pandit
Download or read book Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks written by Shweta Pandit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the use of the spectrum sharing techniques in cognitive radio technology, in order to address the problem of spectrum scarcity for future wireless communications. The authors describe a cognitive radio medium access control (MAC) protocol, with which throughput maximization has been achieved. The discussion also includes use of this MAC protocol for imperfect sensing scenarios and its effect on the performance of cognitive radio systems. The authors also discuss how energy efficiency has been maximized in this system, by applying a simple algorithm for optimizing the transmit power of the cognitive user. The study about the channel fading in the cognitive user and licensed user and power adaption policy in this scenario under peak transmit power and interference power constraint is also present in this book.
Book Synopsis Video Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks by : Azin Dastpak
Download or read book Video Streaming Over Cognitive Radio Networks written by Azin Dastpak and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been a tremendous growth in multimedia applications over the wireless Internet. The significant bandwidth requirement for multimedia services has increased the demand for radio spectrum. The scarcity of radio spectrum has challenged the conventional fixed spectrum assignment policy. As a result, cognitive radio emerged as a new paradigm to address the spectrum underutilization problem by enabling users to opportunistically access unused spectrum bands. In this thesis, we propose a framework for video transmission over cognitive radio networks. Our objective is to determine the optimal streaming policy in order to maximize the overall perceived video quality while keeping quality fluctuation at minimum. In our framework, we introduce a channel usage model based on a two-state Markov model and estimate the future busy and idle durations of the spectrum based on past observations. On the basis of this scheme, we formulate the streaming optimization problem under the constraint of the available bandwidth budget so that the optimal number of enhancement layer bits are assigned to each frame. We extend this algorithm for three different optimization levels: frame, GOP and scene. We evaluate our algorithm through extensive trace-driven simulation, and show that it improves the perceived video quality and increases bandwidth utilization.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems by : Hüseyin Arslan
Download or read book Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems written by Hüseyin Arslan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-17 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s wireless services have come a long way since the roll out of the conventional voice-centric cellular systems. The demand for wireless access in voice and high rate data multi-media applications has been increasing. New generation wireless communication systems are aimed at accommodating this demand through better resource management and improved transmission technologies. This book discusses the cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptive radio concepts from several perspectives.
Book Synopsis Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks by : Fei Hu
Download or read book Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks written by Fei Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With nearly 7 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide, mobility and computing have become pervasive in our society and business. Moreover, new mobile multimedia communication services are challenging telecommunication operators. To support the significant increase in multimedia traffic—especially video—over wireless networks, new technological infrastructure must be created. Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for future wireless communications. This book explains how to efficiently deliver video, audio, and other data over CRNs. Covering advanced algorithms, protocols, and hardware-/software-based experiments, this book describes how to encode video in a prioritized way to send to dynamic radio links. It discusses different FEC codes for video reliability and explains how different machine learning algorithms can be used for video quality control. It also explains how to use readily available software tools to build a CRN simulation model. This book explains both theoretical and experimental designs. It describes how universal software radio peripheral (USRP) boards can be used for real-time, high-resolution video transmission. It also discusses how a USRP board can sense the spectrum dynamics and how it can be controlled by GNU Radio software. A separate chapter discusses how the network simulator ns-2 can be used to build a simulated CRN platform.
Book Synopsis Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks by : Fei Hu
Download or read book Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks written by Fei Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With nearly 7 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide, mobility and computing have become pervasive in our society and business. Moreover, new mobile multimedia communication services are challenging telecommunication operators. To support the significant increase in multimedia traffic-especially video-over wireless networks, new technological
Book Synopsis Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks by : Bodhaswar TJ Maharaj
Download or read book Developments in Cognitive Radio Networks written by Bodhaswar TJ Maharaj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides holistic yet concise information on what modern cognitive radio networks are, how they work, and the possible future directions for them. The authors first present the most generic models of modern cognitive radio networks, taking into consideration their different architectural designs and classifications. While the spectrum resource is shown to be the most important resource for the cognitive radio networks, the book exposes the importance of the other resources that are needed to help drive the technology. The book then discusses in-depth the key tools (such as optimization and queuing theory) and techniques (such as cooperative diversity and relaying) that are being employed to formulate resource problems, investigate solutions, and interpret such solutions for useful and practical modern cognitive radio networks realization. Further, the book studies the impact of modern cognitive radio networks on other emerging technologies -- such as 5G, Internet of Things, and advanced wireless sensor networks -- and discusses the role that cognitive radio networks play in the evolution of smart cities and in the realization of a highly interconnected world. In discussing the future of the cognitive radio networks, the book emphasizes the need to advance new or improved tools, techniques, and solutions to address lingering problems in the aspects of resource realization and utilization, network complexity, network security, etc., which can potentially limit the cognitive radio networks in their stride to becoming one of the most promising technologies for the immediate and near future.
Book Synopsis User-controlled Adaptive Video Streaming by :
Download or read book User-controlled Adaptive Video Streaming written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are in the midst of a multimedia communications revolution. This revolution has become possible due to the rapid advances being made in the fields of wireless and processor technologies. Until a few years ago, multimedia technologies were growing at a faster rate than wireless. This resulted in a lot of high quality content being generated but the lack of bandwidth to handle such high quality content was a major impediment to content sharing. Recent advances in the wireless technologies - especially the deployment of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks has provided the fillip that was missing thus far. Further, advances in processor technologies have made the creation and consumption of high quality multimedia content on low power hand held devices like smartphones and tablets ubiquitous. The time is ripe to study how to best utilize the available network resources in order to achieve the best possible multimedia communications experience - both from the user perspective and from the codec and network utilization perspective. Adapative streaming technologies are becoming ever so popular as a means to achieve this goal. In a broadcast/multicast setting, protocols such as Apple's HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), Microsoft's Smooth Streaming (SS) and MPEG's Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) address this problem. Importantly, all these protocols are in the public domain. The focus of this thesis however is on adaptive streaming techniques for two-way telephony applications. The motivation for studying two way telephony is due to the renewed interest in this form of communication as evidenced by the popularity of applications such as FaceTime and Skype. Currently however, there are no equivalents for the HLS, SS or DASH for two way telephony. Existing solutions are either closed (FaceTime), proprietary (Skype) or require access to proprietary vendor solutions for hardware acceleration (ooVoo). Also, these solutions are hidden under-the-hood and provide the user no control on switching decisions. In this thesis we provide a framework for user-controlled adaptive two-way telephony. The proposed framework is software based and furthermore based off of open-source software. The user can vary the three basic settings of the encoder bit rate, frame resolution and frame rate, dynamically without having to tear down and recreate the session. The user can switch to a higher bit rate or resolution only when needed (for example, to show a skin lesion,) and switch back to a lower bit rate otherwise. The user can also reduce the frame rate when a high bit rate video is transmitted. The outline to dynamically change resolution is also provided. An Android application has been developed to demonstrate the proposed scheme. As an impressive outcome of our experiments, we observed savings in bandwidth consumption as well as improved video quality when demanded.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy by : Ku, Meng-Lin
Download or read book Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy written by Ku, Meng-Lin and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadcast spectrum is scarce, both in terms of our ability to access existing spectrum and as a result of access rules created by governments. An emerging paradigm called cognitive radio, however, has the potential to allow different systems to dynamically access and opportunistically exploit the same frequency band in an efficient way, thereby allowing broadcasters to use spectrum more efficiently. Cognitive Radio and Interference Management: Technology and Strategy brings together state-of-the-art research results on cognitive radio and interference management from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It serves as a bridge between people who are working to develop theoretical and practical research in cognitive radio and interference management, and therefore facilitate the future development of cognitive radio and its applications.
Book Synopsis Advanced Video Communications over Wireless Networks by : Ce Zhu
Download or read book Advanced Video Communications over Wireless Networks written by Ce Zhu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless video communications encompass a broad range of issues and opportunities that serve as the catalyst for technical innovations. To disseminate the most recent advances in this challenging yet exciting field, Advanced Video Communications over Wireless Networks provides an in-depth look at the fundamentals, recent technical achievements, challenges, and emerging trends in mobile and wireless video communications. The editors have carefully selected a panel of researchers with expertise in diverse aspects of wireless video communication to cover a wide spectrum of topics, including the underlying theoretical fundamentals associated with wireless video communications, the transmission schemes tailored to mobile and wireless networks, quality metrics, the architectures of practical systems, as well as some novel directions. They address future directions, including Quality-of-Experience in wireless video communications, video communications over future networks, and 3D video communications. The book presents a collection of tutorials, surveys, and original contributions, providing an up-to-date, accessible reference for further development of research and applications in mobile and wireless video communication systems. The range of coverage and depth of expertise make this book the go-to resource for facing current and future challenges in this field.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Vehicular Networks by : Anna Maria Vegni
Download or read book Cognitive Vehicular Networks written by Anna Maria Vegni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive text on both current and emerging areas of cognitive vehicular networks, this book focuses on a new class of mobile ad hoc networks. It uses a pedagogical approach utilizing cognitive aspects applied to vehicular environments and comprises contributions from well-known and high profile researchers in their respective specialties. The book provides significant technical and practical insights on different perspectives, starting from a basic background on cognitive radio, interrelated technologies, application to vehicular networks, technical challenges, and future trends.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Cognitive Networks and Self-Adaptive Communication Systems by : Lagkas, Thomas D.
Download or read book Evolution of Cognitive Networks and Self-Adaptive Communication Systems written by Lagkas, Thomas D. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-06-30 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive networks can be crucial for the evolution of future communication systems; however, current trends have indicated major movement in other relevant fields towards the integration of different techniques for the realization of self-aware and self-adaptive communication systems. Evolution of Cognitive Networks and Self-Adaptive Communication Systems overviews innovative technologies combined for the formation of self-aware, self-adaptive, and self-organizing networks. By aiming to inform the research community and the related industry of solutions for cognitive networks, this book is essential for researchers, instructors, and professionals interested in clarifying the latest trends resulting in a unified realization for cognitive networking and communication systems.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Wireless Video Streaming and Teleconferencing by : Wei Chen
Download or read book Adaptive Wireless Video Streaming and Teleconferencing written by Wei Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the popularity of and the advances in wireless networking technologies, wireless multimedia tra c has grown dramatically in recent years. Despite having many advantages, wireless multimedia services, particularly video services, still pose a number of challenges due to the time-varying, error-prone and bandwidth-fluctuating channels in the wireless networks. Therefore, provisioning end-to-end Quality of Service and Quality of Experience (QoS and QoE) of video transmission over wireless channels is of great importance. ☐ Video transmission is often described to be bursty as video is basically a sequence of frames transmitted at a particular frame rate. A video frame cannot be decoded or played out at the receiver side until all or most of its transmitted constituent packets are received in time. Depending on the application scenarios, video services may have different emphases in terms of QoE and QoS. While video streaming (e.g., Netflix and YouTube) allows for modest delay (on the order of a few seconds) at the beginning of the playout, video teleconferencing (e.g., FaceTime and WebRTC) is much more delay constrained (less than a few hundred milliseconds). This is because in real-time video systems, each frame must be delivered and decoded by its playback time, and any packet that is retransmitted due to loss in the last transmission or arriving late becomes useless when its stringent decoding and display deadline cannot be met. In this dissertation, we propose several optimization algorithms to improve the QoE and QoS for both video streaming (non real-time) and video teleconferencing (real-time) over wireless networks. ☐ In optimizing wireless video streaming, we focus on MPEG-DASH (ISO/IEC Standard 23009-1), the current standard for video streaming. We optimize video streaming by leveraging a technique called User Adaptive Video (UAV), which exploits the perceptual limits of the human visual system to modulate a video stream’s bit rate based on the viewing conditions, such as viewing distance and ambient illuminance, resulting in significant bandwidth saving without perceived loss of quality to the user. UAV presents an opportunity to significantly improve the e ciency of DASH by not requesting unnecessarily high bit rate videos. We design UAV-enabled DASH (UDASH) and evaluate its performance in Wi-Fi networks. Simulation results show that UDASH in a Wi-Fi network has the benefits of not only significantly improving the video streaming performance such as reducing the rebu ering probability, but also enhancing the performance of cross traffc. ☐ In addition, the MPEG-DASH standard uses TCP as the underlying transport layer protocol, and more importantly, TCP is one type of dominant tra c in the Internet. Therefore, we investigate how to improve TCP performance in wireless networks. We identify two issues of TCP performance degradation due to common channel errors via both analytical study and simulations in a typical Wi-Fi network. Motivated by these issues, a MAC layer optimization technique is proposed, which is based on the adaptation of the Retry Limit parameter after considering TCP traffic characteristics and throughput model. The evaluation results confirm that the proposed technique achieves higher performance gain. ☐ In optimizing video teleconferencing, we considerWebRTC, which is Google’s open source real-time communication framework. In wireless networks such as those based on IEEE 802.11, packet losses due to fading and interference are often misinterpreted as indications of congestion, causing unnecessary decrease in the data sending rate due to congestion control by the RTCP protocol working beneath WebRTC and above RTP. For delayconstrained applications such as video teleconferencing, packet losses may result in excessive artifacts or freeze in the decoded video. We propose a simple and yet effective mechanism to detect and reduce channel-caused packet losses by dynamically adjusting the retry limit parameter of the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Since the retry limit is left configurable in the IEEE 802.11 standard, and does not require cross-layer coordination, the proposed scheme can be easily implemented and incrementally deployed. We also propose to use a delay constrained retry limit adaptation algorithm to control transmission delays so that delay constraints required by different application scenarios can be met. Experimental results of applying the proposed scheme to aWebRTC based real-time video communication prototype show significant performance gain compared to the case where retry limit is configured statically. ☐ In addition to the optimization techniques proposed for the IEEE 802.11 protocol, we also propose a cross-layer approach to optimize video teleconferencing, termed early packet loss feedback (EPLF). In EPLF, if a packet loss is due to channel errors, the MAC layer directly feeds back the loss information to the RTP layer with a spoofed RTCP packet that carries a NACK message so that the RTP layer can retransmit the lost RTP packet. Since the whole feedback process takes place in the same device (the video sender), the latency is negligible in relation to the RTT, and hence the term ’early’ in EPLF. Theoretical analysis and prototype-based experimental results show that EPLF almost completely eliminates channelcaused video freezes in the decoded video while improving congestion control. ☐ Furthermore, we also apply the technique of UAV to video teleconferencing to further reduce bandwidth consumption, and build a prototype based on WebRTC and Licode (a video teleconferencing hub platform) to validate the bandwidth savings.
Book Synopsis Multi-level Adaptive Video Streaming Over Wireless Channels by : Husameldin Mukhtar
Download or read book Multi-level Adaptive Video Streaming Over Wireless Channels written by Husameldin Mukhtar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Delivery of digital video over wireless networks offers added functionalities and advantages over traditional wired video systems. However, reliable video streaming over wireless channels is fraught with several challenges. Video streaming has strict requirements on bandwidth, delay, and loss rate. In addition, wireless channels are dynamic and error-prone by nature. In this thesis, multi-level adaptive approaches are proposed to mitigate these challenges. The objective of these approaches is to ensure continuous playback with acceptable video quality." -- Abstract, p. iii.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems by : Hüseyin Arslan
Download or read book Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems written by Hüseyin Arslan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s wireless services have come a long way since the roll out of the conventional voice-centric cellular systems. The demand for wireless access in voice and high rate data multi-media applications has been increasing. New generation wireless communication systems are aimed at accommodating this demand through better resource management and improved transmission technologies. The interest in increasing Spectrum Access and improving Spectrum Efficiency combined with both the introduction of Software Defined Radios and the realization that machine learning can be applied to radios has created new intriguing possibilities for wireless radio researchers. This book is aimed to discuss the cognitive radio, software defined radio (SDR), and adaptive radio concepts from several aspects. Cognitive radio and cognitive networks will be investigated from a broad aspect of wireless communication system enhancement while giving special emphasis on better spectrum utilization. Applications of cognitive radio, SDR and cognitive radio architectures, spectrum efficiency and soft spectrum usage, adaptive wireless system design, measurements and awareness of various parameters including interference temperature and geo-location information are some of the important topics that will be covered in this book. Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio, and Adaptive Wireless Systems is intended to be both an introductory technology survey/tutorial for beginners and an advanced mathematical overview intended for technical professionals in the communications industry, technical managers, and researchers in both academia and industry.
Download or read book Blockchains written by Anwer Al-Dulaimi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blockchains Empowering Technologies and Industrial Applications A comprehensive guide to the most recent developments in blockchains in theoretical and industrial perspectives Originally introduced as a method to keep track of Bitcoin transactions over a peer-to-peer network, blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography into a chain held in public databases. The use of this technology has grown since its cryptocurrency creation and now store three types of information: 1) transactions, including the date, time, and value of purchases; 2) records of participates in transactions; and 3) unique code known as a “hash” that distinguishes one block from another. A single block on the blockchain can hold 1 MB of data, or potentially thousands of transactions — this then can allow for hundreds of thousands of transactions to be recorded as each block can join the state-of-the-art blockchain. Blockchains provides a detailed overview of the latest and most innovative concepts, techniques, and applications related to the developing blockchain. Aimed at novices and experts on the subject, the book focuses on blockchain technologies, integrated systems, and use cases, specifically by looking at three major technical areas: blockchain platforms and distributed database technologies, consensus and fault tolerance, and Blockchain as a Service (BaaS). These avenues of research are essential to support blockchain functionalities, such as acquiring and updating existing data, securing data resources and the recovery of failures, and using blockchains in various services that range from cryptocurrencies to cloud automation. Blockchains readers will also find: Brainstorming activities that gradually builds the knowledge of readers on the described technology and deployment scenarios Investigation of specific topics such as novel networking protocols, wireless techniques, new infrastructure designs, operations management, and deployment strategies Discussion of technical challenges in blockchain, as well as how to manage cloud-based networks, service automation, and cyber security Numerous elementary and advanced examples on various topics at the end of the book that can be used for training purposes Illustrations including tables and diagrams to help elucidate points made throughout the volume Glossary of relevant terminology to blockchains in enterprise Blockchains is a useful reference for researchers in vehicular networking and computer science, as well as cloud storage providers and governmental offices for data management.
