Adaptive Control Of Interface By Temperature And Interface Profile Feedback In Transparent Multi Zone Crystal Growth Furnace

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Adaptive Control of Interface by Temperature and Interface Profile Feedback in Transparent Multi-Zone Crystal Growth Furnace

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722046620
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis Adaptive Control of Interface by Temperature and Interface Profile Feedback in Transparent Multi-Zone Crystal Growth Furnace by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Download or read book Adaptive Control of Interface by Temperature and Interface Profile Feedback in Transparent Multi-Zone Crystal Growth Furnace written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to control the dynamics of multizone programmable crystal growth furnaces. Due to the inevitable heat exchange among different heating zones and the transient nature of the process, the dynamics of multizone furnaces is time varying, distributed, and therefore complex in nature. Electrical power to heating zones and the translational speed of the ampoule are employed as inputs to control the dynamics. Structural properties of the crystal is the ultimate aim of this adaptive control system. These properties can be monitored in different ways. Following an order of complexity, these may include: (1) on line measurement of the material optical properties such as the refractive index of crystal; (2) on line x-ray imaging of the interface topology; (3) on line optical quantification of the interface profile such as the determination of concavity or convexity of the interface shape; and (4) on line temperature measurement at points closest to the material such as measurements of the ampoule's outside and inside surface temperatures. The research performed makes use of the temperature and optical measurements, specified in (3) and (4) as the outputs of furnace dynamics. However, if the instrumentation is available, the proposed control methodology can be extended to the measurements listed in (1) and (2). Batur, Celal Unspecified Center NCC3-150...

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 836 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

NASA's University Program Active Projects

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis NASA's University Program Active Projects by :

Download or read book NASA's University Program Active Projects written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

NASA Technical Memorandum

Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis NASA Technical Memorandum by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microgravity Science and Applications Program Tasks

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Microgravity Science and Applications Program Tasks by :

Download or read book Microgravity Science and Applications Program Tasks written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1064 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents by :

Download or read book Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications by :

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Annual Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1748 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1716 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms by :

Download or read book The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI

Author : Golla Eranna
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482232812
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI by : Golla Eranna

Download or read book Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI written by Golla Eranna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon, as a single-crystal semiconductor, has sparked a revolution in the field of electronics and touched nearly every field of science and technology. Though available abundantly as silica and in various other forms in nature, silicon is difficult to separate from its chemical compounds because of its reactivity. As a solid, silicon is chemically inert and stable, but growing it as a single crystal creates many technological challenges. Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is one of the first books to cover the systematic growth of silicon single crystals and the complete evaluation of silicon, from sand to useful wafers for device fabrication. Written for engineers and researchers working in semiconductor fabrication industries, this practical text: Describes different techniques used to grow silicon single crystals Explains how grown single-crystal ingots become a complete silicon wafer for integrated-circuit fabrication Reviews different methods to evaluate silicon wafers to determine suitability for device applications Analyzes silicon wafers in terms of resistivity and impurity concentration mapping Examines the effect of intentional and unintentional impurities Explores the defects found in regular silicon-crystal lattice Discusses silicon wafer preparation for VLSI and ULSI processing Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is an essential reference for different approaches to the selection of the basic silicon-containing compound, separation of silicon as metallurgical-grade pure silicon, subsequent purification, single-crystal growth, and defects and evaluation of the deviations within the grown crystals.

Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology

Author : K. Byrappa
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 1437778364
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology by : K. Byrappa

Download or read book Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology written by K. Byrappa and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. - Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use - Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works - Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues

Free Reserves and the Money Supply

Author : Alexander James Meigs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Reserves and the Money Supply by : Alexander James Meigs

Download or read book Free Reserves and the Money Supply written by Alexander James Meigs and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issued in microfilm form in 1960 as thesis, Columbia University.

HVAC Control in the New Millennium

Author : Michael F. Hordeski
Publisher : The Fairmont Press, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 0881733997
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis HVAC Control in the New Millennium by : Michael F. Hordeski

Download or read book HVAC Control in the New Millennium written by Michael F. Hordeski and published by The Fairmont Press, Inc.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1-Heat, Ventilation and Damper Control Trends2-Energy and Power Management, Distributed Control Trends3-Control Technology, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology4-Advance HVAC Control, Information Technology and Open Systems5-PC-based Control, Software and Bus Trends6-Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic and Control7-Computer Networks and Security8-Systems and Device Networks9-Building automation, Wireless Technology and the InternetIndex

Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon

Author : Deren Yang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783662564714
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon by : Deren Yang

Download or read book Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon written by Deren Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of sun light is one of the hottest topics in sustainable energy research. To efficiently convert sun power into a reliable energy – electricity – for consumption and storage, silicon and its derivatives have been widely studied and applied in solar cell systems. This handbook covers the photovoltaics of silicon materials and devices, providing a comprehensive summary of the state of the art of photovoltaic silicon sciences and technologies. This work is divided into various areas including but not limited to fundamental principles, design methodologies, wafering techniques/fabrications, characterizations, applications, current research trends and challenges. It offers the most updated and self-explanatory reference to all levels of students and acts as a quick reference to the experts from the fields of chemistry, material science, physics, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, solar energy, etc..

Biochar for Environmental Management

Author : Dr. Johannes Lehmann
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 1849770557
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochar for Environmental Management by : Dr. Johannes Lehmann

Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.

Handbook of Crystal Growth

Author : Tatau Nishinaga
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444593764
Total Pages : 1216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Crystal Growth by : Tatau Nishinaga

Download or read book Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Tatau Nishinaga and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume IAHandbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition (Fundamentals: Thermodynamics and Kinetics) Volume IA addresses the present status of crystal growth science, and provides scientific tools for the following volumes: Volume II (Bulk Crystal Growth) and III (Thin Film Growth and Epitaxy). Volume IA highlights thermodynamics and kinetics. After historical introduction of the crystal growth, phase equilibria, defect thermodynamics, stoichiometry, and shape of crystal and structure of melt are described. Then, the most fundamental and basic aspects of crystal growth are presented, along with the theories of nucleation and growth kinetics. In addition, the simulations of crystal growth by Monte Carlo, ab initio-based approach and colloidal assembly are thoroughly investigated. Volume IBHandbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition (Fundamentals: Transport and Stability) Volume IB discusses pattern formation, a typical problem in crystal growth. In addition, an introduction to morphological stability is given and the phase-field model is explained with comparison to experiments. The field of nanocrystal growth is rapidly expanding and here the growth from vapor is presented as an example. For the advancement of life science, the crystal growth of protein and other biological molecules is indispensable and biological crystallization in nature gives many hints for their crystal growth. Another subject discussed is pharmaceutical crystal growth. To understand the crystal growth, in situ observation is extremely powerful. The observation techniques are demonstrated. Volume IA - Explores phase equilibria, defect thermodynamics of Si, stoichiometry of oxides and atomistic structure of melt and alloys - Explains basic ideas to understand crystal growth, equilibrium shape of crystal, rough-smooth transition of step and surface, nucleation and growth mechanisms - Focuses on simulation of crystal growth by classical Monte Carlo, ab-initio based quantum mechanical approach, kinetic Monte Carlo and phase field model. Controlled colloidal assembly is presented as an experimental model for crystal growth. Volume IIB - Describes morphological stability theory and phase-field model and comparison to experiments of dendritic growth - Presents nanocrystal growth in vapor as well as protein crystal growth and biological crystallization - Interprets mass production of pharmaceutical crystals to be understood as ordinary crystal growth and explains crystallization of chiral molecules - Demonstrates in situ observation of crystal growth in vapor, solution and melt on the ground and in space