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Actinide Determination And Analytical Support For Characterization Of Environmental Samples
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Book Synopsis Actinide Determination and Analytical Support for Characterization of Environmental Samples by :
Download or read book Actinide Determination and Analytical Support for Characterization of Environmental Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Identification of Actinide Bearing Minerals and Soils Using Various Analytical Techniques for Signature Discovery by : Toya Nicole Beiswenger
Download or read book Characterization and Identification of Actinide Bearing Minerals and Soils Using Various Analytical Techniques for Signature Discovery written by Toya Nicole Beiswenger and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique identifying characteristics of actinide bearing minerals and soils can vary depending on the surrounding environment. Many analytical techniques for characterization and identification such as Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) have been utilized for soil and mineral analysis. These techniques aid in gaining insight into a material's chemical make-up, morphology, and particle size to determine its behavior under various environmental conditions, and potentially provide information on the history of the soil and/or the contaminants within it.This research determined signatures within uranium- and plutonium- rich minerals and soils that could be used to differentiate characteristics that are unique from its surrounding environment. The complexity and heterogeneity of minerals and soils in general posed a challenge to this research, but it also helped reveal the unique traits about the sample. We first investigated uranium rich minerals and soils using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy coupled with statistical analyses to determine whether the mid-infrared or the visible-near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum contained useful signatures and if particle size and morphology affected the signatures within those regions. By using statistical analyses such as classical least squares we were able to build dendrograms and visually distinguish groups of minerals from each other. This work progressed with other analytical tools and plutonium-rich soils; this portion of the work took an atomic view of a Pu particle, in turn gaining insight to the chemical behavior within and how the surrounding environment of the Hanford site played a part in its behavior. This was the very first application of a technique called atom probe tomography to a Pu particle. We were able to view the atoms the sample was composed of and illustrated the possible migration of a grain boundary over time and how that information can be used for remedial solutions in the future.The results have shown how the characteristics of a sample (size, morphology, speciation, chemical behavior, etc.) can be used as a discriminator when looking for unique signatures among the complex background associated with soils and minerals, and also be used as a way to better understand how to help remediate contaminated sites with similar chemical makeup as the soils and minerals used in this study.
Book Synopsis Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements by : Alfred J. Moses
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements written by Alfred J. Moses and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements presents a number of pertinent techniques for the analysis of actinides and provides sufficient information to guide the analyst in modifying procedures to meet special situations. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the discovery of elements 89-103, their oxidation state, and their electronic configuration. Information is provided on the safe handling of radioactive materials (all actinides are radioactive). The use of nuclear techniques in determining trace concentrations of actinides has led to the inclusion of chapters dealing with nuclear instrumentation and nuclear methods. Topics discussed include the preliminary treatment of samples; separations; emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry; electrochemical, x-ray, and fluorimetric methods; isotopic analysis of uranium and some other actinides; and non-instrumental methods. Thus, the analytical chemist, if he is not already familiar with these techniques, is indoctrinated in a basic amount of nucleonics, to aid him in analyzing unusual materials with unusual techniques.
Book Synopsis Actinide Analytical Program for Characterization of Hanford Waste by :
Download or read book Actinide Analytical Program for Characterization of Hanford Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program has been to develop faster, more accurate methods for the concentration and determination of actinides at their maximum permissible concentration (MPC) levels in a controlled zone. These analyses are needed to characterize various forms of Hanford high rad waste and to support characterization of products and effluents from new waste management processes. The most acceptable methods developed for the determination of 239Pu, 238Pu, 237Np, 241Am, and 243Cm employ solvent extraction with the addition of tracer isotopes. Plutonium and neptunium are extracted from acidified waste solutions into Aliquat-336. Americium and curium are then extracted from the waste solution at the same acidity into dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamylmethylenephosphonate (DHDECMP). After back extraction into an aqueous matrix, these actinides are electrodeposited on steel disks for alpha energy analysis. Total uranium and total thorium are also isolated by solvent extraction and determined spectrophotometrically.
Book Synopsis Actinide Nanoparticle Research by : Stepan N. Kalmykov
Download or read book Actinide Nanoparticle Research written by Stepan N. Kalmykov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover actinide nano research. It is of interest both for fundamental research into the chemistry and physics of f-block elements as well as for applied researchers such as those studying the long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal and developing remediation strategies. The authors cover important issues of the formation of actinide nano-particles, their properties and structure, environmental behavior of colloids and nanoparticles related to the safe disposal of nuclear wastes, modeling and advanced methods of characterization at the nano-scale.
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Plutonium and Other Actinide Elements at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: a Comparative Assessments of Competing Techniques by :
Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium and Other Actinide Elements at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: a Comparative Assessments of Competing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level measurements of the long-lived actinide isotopes have a number of important applications throughout the DOE complex. These include radiobioassay programs, environmental assessments, characterization of radioactive wastes, evaluation of waste storage and treatment options, environmental remediation, basic research in chemistry and geochemistry, and other specialized non- proliferation and national security applications. As an example, it has been estimated that for the next few decades more than 1 million radiochemical analyses per year will be needed in support of US efforts to remediate the legacy of radioactive waste generated by weapons production and the nuclear power industry (Crain, 1996). Traditional radiometric counting methods do not have sufficient sensitivity to address many of these requirements. There is also a growing need to evaluate and monitor exposures to DOE workers involved in decommissioning, environmental management and/or remediation of contaminated sites and facilities. Quantitative measurements based on low-level detection techniques are of particular interest in the validation of radionuclide transport models and improving radiation dosimetry/risk estimates. Quantitative data and information are required to assess the potential health-effects of exposures occurring under special conditions (e.g., resuspension/inhalation of high-specific activity particles), of inhomogeneous radiation exposure and assessment of associated dose distributions to different parts of the body/tissue, of low dose exposure, and to validate and/or develop new and improved dosimetry models. Atom counting technology has now developed sufficiently to provide substantially better sensitivity than ionizing radiation detectors for selected long- lived radionuclides. Clearly the development of a robust, high-throughput, highly sensitive actinide measurement capability based on this new technology would have broad and sustainable impact on a range of DOE initiatives. One potential measurement technique for meeting these requirements is accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). AMS is a widely accepted analytical technique for measurement of isotopes such as 14 C, 26 Al, 36 Cl (Vogel et al., 1995) but has only recently been demonstrated for the quantitative detection of actinides (Fifield et al., 1996). The Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operates the most versatile and most productive AMS instrument in the world (Roberts et al., 1996). The addition of a Heavy Ion Beamline and associated hardware for actinide detection are in an advanced stage of development. Detection limits for actinide elements are expected to be on the order of 1 ́10 6 atoms (0.5 fg) or lower with an initial measurement capacity of a few hundred samples per year. The ultimate detection sensitivity is expected to be1 ́10 5 atoms. Here we provide a review of non-conventional measurement techniquesÑincluding AMSÑfor the determination of low-levels of 239 Pu and other actinide elements in environmental samples. We include a discussion of potential measurement interferences and sample preparation requirements for the different techniques, and outline our proposed AMS system design and strategic approach for the development of low-level actinide detection capability at CAMS.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis by : Michael F. L'Annunziata
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated and much expanded 3e of the Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is an authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity from the very low levels encountered in the environment to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. The book describes the basic principles of radiation detection and measurement and the preparation of samples from a wide variety of matrices, assists the investigator or technician in the selection and use of appropriate radiation detectors, and presents state-of-the-art methods of analysis. Fundamentals of radiation properties, radionuclide decay, the calculations involved, and methods of detection provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures. The Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, 3e, is suitable as a teaching text for university and professional training courses. The only comprehensive reference that describes the principles of detection and practical applications of every type of radioactivity detector currently used. The new 3e is broader in scope, with revised and expanded chapters, new authors, and seven new chapters on Alpha Spectrometry, Radionuclide Standardization, Radioactive Aerosol Measurements, Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring, Marine Radioactivity Analysis, Nuclear Forensic Analysis and Analytical Techniques in Nuclear Safeguards Discusses in detail the principles, theory and practice applied to all types of radiation detection and measurement, making it useful for both teaching and research
Book Synopsis Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II by : Peter Warwick (Prof.)
Download or read book Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II written by Peter Warwick (Prof.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2003 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II brings together comprehensive, up-to-date information from international experts in the field. Coverage includes information on new methods of radionuclide analyses, developments and improvements in existing methods, method comparisons, gamma detector performance and new software products, method uncertainty, underground laboratory facilities, method QA and QC, field studies covering colloid work, in-situ injection into rock strata and sampling of reduced waters for actinide assay. This stimulating, authoritative text makes essential reading for practising radioanalysts and provides valuable information for researchers and professionals in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis International Nuclear Safeguards 1994 by :
Download or read book International Nuclear Safeguards 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances In Actinide Science by : Iain May
Download or read book Recent Advances In Actinide Science written by Iain May and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actinide elements and their chemistry have a significant number of applications. Bringing together contributions from the leading experts in the field, Recent Advances in Actinide Science covers six main topics: * Analysis, the environment and biotransformations * Coordination and organometallic chemistry * Heavy elements * Nuclear fuels, materials and waste forms * Separations and solution chemistry * Spectroscopy, magnetism and superconductivity Covering a wide range of research from pure academic studies to applied industrial science and technology, this book distils the knowledge and achievements gained in actinide science over the last four years. This high level book is aimed at researchers, both industrial and academic, and provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of actinide science.
Book Synopsis Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis by : John R. Dean
Download or read book Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis written by John R. Dean and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the basic skills and information required to prepare an environmental sample for analysis. Divided into two sections, i.e. Inorganic Analysis and Organic Analysis, this book covers selected techniques, principally atomic spectroscopy and chromatography. Using flow diagrams to augment the experimental information, it highlights the most appropriate methods and the likely results. Detailed experimental information provided in an easy-to-follow style with illustrations Describes the specific sample preparation approaches necessary to analyse a particular sample type Discussion of selected literature sources highlights the most appropriate methods and the likely results obtained
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Environmental Radionuclides by : Pavel P. Povinec
Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Radionuclides written by Pavel P. Povinec and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to present a state of art summary of current knowledge of methods of assessment of radionuclides in the terrestrial and marine environments. It cover the traditional methods of radioactivity measurements such as radiometrics techniques, but also recent developments in the mass spectrometry sector. The book starts with a short preface introducing the subject of the book, summarising content and philosophy of the book, as well as the most important historical achievements. The scientific topics are introduced by description of sampling methods, optimisation of sampling sites and sampling frequency. The recent developments in radiochemical separation methods using chromatography resins for the treatment of actinides, transuranics and other groups of radioelements are also described. No other book is available covering all aspects of environmental radioactivity measurements, although remarkable progress has been made in detection techniques over the last ten years. At present the new methods enable to carry out investigations which were not possible before, either because of lack of sensitivity or because of the fact that they required too large samples.
Book Synopsis Radioactivity in the Environment by : Vlado Valkovic
Download or read book Radioactivity in the Environment written by Vlado Valkovic and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-09-26 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous sources of ionizing radiation can lead to human exposure: natural sources, nuclear explosions, nuclear power generation, use of radiation in medical, industrial and research purposes, and radiation emitting consumer products. Before assessing the radiation dose to a population one requires a precise knowledge of the activity of a number of radionuclides. The basis for the assessment of the dose to a population from a release of radioactivity to the environment, the estimation of the potential clinical heath effects due to the dose received and, ultimately, the implementation of countermeasures to protect the population, is the measurement of radioactive contamination in the environment after the release.It is the purpose of this book to present the facts about the presence of radionuclides in the environment, natural and man made. There is no aspect of radioactivity, which has marked the passing century, not mentioned or discussed in this book.