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Actin Polymerization In Apicomplexan
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Book Synopsis Actin Polymerization in Apicomplexan by : Avinash Kale
Download or read book Actin Polymerization in Apicomplexan written by Avinash Kale and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses in detail the structural, evolutionary and functional role of actin and its regulatory proteins in gliding motility in apicomplexan organisms, a unique phenomenon found in actin-myosin cytoskeletal elements. The book also explores the potential of different actin regulators, namely formin, profilin, actin depolymerization factor (ADF), capping proteins (CPα and CPβ), cyclase-associated protein (CAP) and coronin 13–24 as potential drug targets against malaria. As the chief components of the gliding motor, the actin-regulator proteins are characterized by unique features that make them promising targets for structure-based drug design. Lastly, the book proposes a mathematical model, based on kinetic data mining, to help understand the most vital regulators for actin polymerization dynamics.
Book Synopsis Apicomplexan Actin Depolymerizing Factors and Capping Proteins in the Regulation of Actin Filament Dynamics by : Moon Chatterjee
Download or read book Apicomplexan Actin Depolymerizing Factors and Capping Proteins in the Regulation of Actin Filament Dynamics written by Moon Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Actin Depolymerizing Factor in Regulating Actin Dynamics in Toxoplasma Gondii by : Simren Mehta
Download or read book The Role of Actin Depolymerizing Factor in Regulating Actin Dynamics in Toxoplasma Gondii written by Simren Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique process of rapid motility termed gliding, which is coupled to their invasion of host cells. Gliding and invasion are dependent on parasite actin filaments, yet parasite actin is mostly non-filamentous. Filaments have been detected only transiently during gliding, suggesting that parasite actin filaments are rapidly assembled and disassembled during gliding motility. Little is known about what regulates the turnover of parasite actin filaments. In higher eukaryotes the Actin Depolymerizing Factor (ADF)/Cofilin proteins are essential regulators of actin filament turnover. ADF is one of the few actin binding proteins conserved in apicomplexan parasites. To investigate the role of ADF in regulating actin dynamics in apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii was used as a model apicomplexan, and the activities of T. gondii ADF (TgADF) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. We found that TgADF engaged in dual activities. In contrast to most ADF/Cofilin proteins, TgADF was found to be a potent actin monomer sequestering protein that strongly inhibited actin polymerization, suggesting that it likely functions to maintain high G-actin concentrations in the cytoplasm of non-motile parasites. This role was reflected in its molecular structure, in which conserved G-actin binding sites were maintained, while key F-actin binding residues were absent. Despite this, TgADF demonstrated the ability to promote actin filament disassembly via a severing mechanism. Using a conditional knockout system we examined the function of TgADF in the parasite. TgADF was found to be essential for controlling productive gliding motility, and its absence lead to defects in host cell invasion, parasite egress, and parasite dispersal. Detailed analysis of motility revealed that parasites were unable to engage in sustained helical gliding, and moved at markedly reduced speeds. These defects are predicted to arise from the presence of more stable actin filaments in the parasite. Overall both the monomer sequestering and filament severing activities of TgADF are predicted to serve important functions in vivo for maintaining high G-actin concentrations for rapid filament assembly, and disassembling actin filaments for rapid filament turnover, respectively. These studies demonstrated that ADF is essential for regulating actin dynamics in T. gondii.
Book Synopsis Actin Polymerization in Gene Expression by : Oliver Joaquin Rando
Download or read book Actin Polymerization in Gene Expression written by Oliver Joaquin Rando and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Molecular Basis for Divergent, Unstable Actin Filaments in Toxoplasma Gondii by : Kristen Michelle Skillman
Download or read book A Molecular Basis for Divergent, Unstable Actin Filaments in Toxoplasma Gondii written by Kristen Michelle Skillman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii is an important parasitic pathogen of the phylum Apicomplexa. Parasite invasion of host cells involves a unique gliding motility mechanism that is dependent on polymerization of parasite actin. However, in non-motile parasites, the majority of actin is monomeric and filaments only assemble upon initiation of gliding motility. Actin filament turnover is crucial for motility as shown by the detrimental effects of jasplakinolide, an agent that stabilizes actin filaments. T. gondii actin (TgACTI) is functionally highly divergent from conventional actin and only polymerizes into very short filaments. To understand why T. gondii actin does not form long filaments and uncover what contributes to its unusual polymerization kinetics, TgACTI filaments were examined using molecular modeling and biochemical assays. Phalloidin binding to parasite actins rescued the short filaments demonstrating that although TgACTI naturally forms short, unstable filaments on its own, it is capable of forming longer, conventional filaments when stabilized. Molecular docking was used to identify divergent residues within apicomplexan actin that may impart filament stability and revealed critical substitutions in the hydrophobic plug and phalloidin-binding pocket that are predicted to affect subunit interactions within the filament. Mutations were made within TgACTI to replace residues unique to apicomplexan actins with those from muscle actin resulting in formation of longer actin filaments in vitro. When this substituted, stabilized actin was expressed within the parasite, it had a deleterious impact on gliding motility exhibited by aberrant forms of both circular and helical gliding combined with a decrease in speed. The ability of TgACTI to polymerize is also controlled by a minimal set of canonical actin-binding proteins. T. gondii encodes two formin proteins, TgFRM1 and TgFRM2, and interaction of these proteins with TgACTI results in a dramatic increase in polymerization. However, T. gondii profilin (TgPRF) acts to sequester TgACTI from the growing filament. Finally, examination of concentration dependent polymerization has revealed evidence that TgACTI is utilizing an isodesmic mechanism for polymerization. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T. gondii has evolved multiple mechanisms for controlling the length of actin filaments within the parasite and these adaptations appear to be critical for productive gliding motility.
Book Synopsis Actin Polymerization and the Effect of Spectrins by : Mats Strömqvist
Download or read book Actin Polymerization and the Effect of Spectrins written by Mats Strömqvist and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxoplasma Gondii by : Louis M. Weiss
Download or read book Toxoplasma Gondii written by Louis M. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii: The Model Apicomplexan - Perspectives and Methods, Third Edition, reflects significant advances in the field in the last five years, including new information on the genomics, epigenomics and proteomics of T. gondii, along with a new understanding of the population biology and genetic diversity of this organism. This edition expands information on the effects of T. gondii on human psychiatric disease and new molecular techniques, such as CAS9/CSPR. T gondii remains the best model system for studying the entire Apicomplexa group of protozoans, which includes Malaria, making this new edition essential for a broad group of researchers and scientists. Presents a complete review of molecular and cellar biology and immunology of Toxoplasma gondii combined with methods and resources for working with this pathogen Provides a single source reference for a wide range of scientists and physicians working with this pathogen, including parasitologists, cell and molecular biologists, veterinarians, neuroscientists, physicians and food scientists Covers recent advances in the genomics, related bioinformatics analysis, epigenomics, gene regulation, genetic manipulation and proteomics of T. gondii Details advances in the molecular and cellular biology and immunology of Toxoplasma, and in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis
Download or read book Myosins written by Lynne M. Coluccio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Book Synopsis A Model for Actin Polymerization by : Boyoung Cha
Download or read book A Model for Actin Polymerization written by Boyoung Cha and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Myosins written by Lynne M. Coluccio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Book Synopsis Control of Actin Polymerization by Gamma Crystallin by : Charles Lee Kuckel
Download or read book Control of Actin Polymerization by Gamma Crystallin written by Charles Lee Kuckel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Mechanism of Actin Polymerization by FH1FH2-formins and Profilin by : Aditya Shankar Paul
Download or read book The Mechanism of Actin Polymerization by FH1FH2-formins and Profilin written by Aditya Shankar Paul and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Apicomplexan Parasites by : Katja Becker
Download or read book Apicomplexan Parasites written by Katja Becker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first dealing with the discovery of drugs directed against apicomplexan parasites. Amongst others, this group of endoparasites includes the causative agents of Malaria, Toxoplasmosis, and Babesiosis, the latter occurring mainly in animals. Written by renowned scientific experts from academia and industry, the book focuses on currentdrug development approaches for all apicomplexan diseases making it appealing to a large audience, ranging from research labs in academia to the human and veterinarian pharmaceutical industry. This work is the second volume of the new book series 'Drug Discovery in Infectious Diseases', edited by Prof. Dr Paul M. Selzer.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Actin Polymerization by : Frank J. Brooks
Download or read book Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Actin Polymerization written by Frank J. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M by : Heinz Mehlhorn
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M written by Heinz Mehlhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-28 with total page 1577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge in the field of parasitology must be kept at a high level and up to date in order to fight a parasitosis as quickly and effectively as possible. The third edition of this, one of Springer’s renowned and authoritative Major Reference Works, contributes to these goals in several ways. First, the number of entries has been increased by about 30%. Secondly the content has been improved even more by adding additional tables and figures. Thirdly, the extensive linking between definitions and essays facilitates information within a minimum of time. More than 40 international contributors, who are well known specialists in their fields, give a comprehensive review of all parasites and therapeutic strategies in veterinarian and human parasitology.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Biology of Cadherins by :
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Cadherins written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on the most recent research surrounding Cadherins from top experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Light-induced actin polymerization in vitro and in vivo by : Michael Goegler
Download or read book Light-induced actin polymerization in vitro and in vivo written by Michael Goegler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
