A Theory of Master Role Transition

Download A Theory of Master Role Transition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000067734
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Theory of Master Role Transition by : Feliciano de Sá Guimarães

Download or read book A Theory of Master Role Transition written by Feliciano de Sá Guimarães and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-17 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Feliciano de Sá Guimarães offers an original application of Role Theory. He proposes a theory of master role transitions to explain how small powers can change regional powers’ master roles without changing the regional material power distribution. Master role transition is the replacement of an active dominant master role by a dormant or inactive role located within one’s role repertoire. Guimarães argues that only a combination of four necessary conditions can produce a full master role transition: asymmetrical material interdependence, altercasting, domestic contestation and regional contestation. In each one of these conditions, a small power uses material and ideational tools to promote a master role transition within the regional power role repertoire. To test his model, Guimarães turns to five case studies in Latin America, Southern Africa and South Asia: the 2006–2007 Bolivia–Brazil gas crisis, the 2008–2009 Paraguay–Brazil Itaipú Dam crisis, the 2008–2009 Ecuador–Brazil Odebrecht crisis, the 1998 South Africa–Lesotho military intervention crisis and the 1996India–Bangladesh Ganges water crisis. A Theory of Master Role Transition is an excellent resource for those studying both theory and method in International Relations and foreign policy analysis.

Hegemonic Transition

Download Hegemonic Transition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030745058
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hegemonic Transition by : Florian Böller

Download or read book Hegemonic Transition written by Florian Böller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an assessment of the ongoing transformation of hegemonic order and its domestic and international politics. The current international order is in crisis. Under the Trump administration, the USA has ceased to unequivocally support the institutions it helped to foster. China’s power surge, contestation by smaller states, and the West’s internal struggle with populism and economic discontent have undermined the liberal order from outside and from within. While the diagnosis of a crisis is hardly new, its sources, scope, and underlying politics are still up for debate. Our reading of hegemony diverges from a static concept, toward a focus on the dynamic politics of hegemonic ordering. This perspective includes the domestic support and demand for specific hegemonic goods, the contestation and backing by other actors within distinct layers of hegemonic orders, and the underlying bargaining between the hegemon and subordinate actors. The case studies in this book thus investigate hegemonic politics across regimes (e.g., trade and security), regions (e.g., Asia, Europe, and Global South), and actors (e.g., major powers and smaller states).

Role Theory, Environmental Politics, and Learning in International Relations

Download Role Theory, Environmental Politics, and Learning in International Relations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000393194
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Role Theory, Environmental Politics, and Learning in International Relations by : Sandra Engstrand

Download or read book Role Theory, Environmental Politics, and Learning in International Relations written by Sandra Engstrand and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Sandra Engstrand uses role theory to study learning processes in environmental policy negotiations in the Arctic Council. Owing to rapid ice-melting in the Arctic region, and more accessible commercial opportunities, there is a greater need for environmental protection. However, large sections of the Arctic fall under state jurisdiction, often causing tensions to arise that prevent any cooperation from achieving fully efficient environmental protection. To enhance our understanding on how states learn about environmental norms, Engstrand examines negotiation processes on environmental protection for the prevention of Arctic marine oil spills and the reduction of short-lived climate pollutants. Through interviews with state representatives and through text analyses of nearly twenty years of meetings between Senior Arctic Officials from each of the eight Arctic states, Engstrand suggests that learning on environmental norms runs firstly through a learning of roles in international relations. She demonstrates how member states develop through self-reflection and by considering the expectation of others, concluding that states’ wishes to preserve their social role in a group and to be perceived as Arctic ‘cooperators’ are drivers for a social education on environmental norms. A timely and unmatched volume Role Theory, Environmental Politics, and Learning in International Relations will engage students and academic researchers in international relations, environmental governance, and Arctic politics.

Role Compatibility as Socialization

Download Role Compatibility as Socialization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000551644
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Role Compatibility as Socialization by : Dorothée Vandamme

Download or read book Role Compatibility as Socialization written by Dorothée Vandamme and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Role Compatibility as Socialization, Dorothée Vandamme examines Pakistan’s socialization process in terms of role compatibility in the 2008-2018 period. Adopting an Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method of analysis, Vandamme builds on role theory to develop a theory of socialization as role compatibility to explain the dynamics of Pakistan’s (dys)functioning position and its status-seeking process as a fully functioning member of the international system. Specifically, she focuses on how Pakistani civilian and military leaders define their country’s positioning towards India, the United States and China. In doing so, she traces the link between domestic role contestation at the country’s inception and the resulting domination of the military’s conception of their country, state identity, how it projects itself externally and how it is received by others. Departing from strictly structural or agent-oriented explanations, Vandamme expertly demonstrates Pakistan’s perceived role compatibility with significant others and underlines the causality between state identity, foreign policy behavior and socialization. Role Compatibility as Socialization will be of interest to graduate students and researchers who work on and with role theory and socialization theory, and for those with a research interest on South Asia.

National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium

Download National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000541177
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium by : Michael Grossman

Download or read book National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium written by Michael Grossman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium examines the transformation of the international system through an examination of the role conceptions adopted by the different global actors. Advancing current role theory scholarship in International Relations, the contributors take as their starting point the question of how international actors are responding to the reordering of the global system. They reflect on the rise of new actors and the reemergence of old rivalries, the decline of established norms, and the unleashing of internal political forces such as nationalism and parochialism. They argue that changes in the international system can impact how states define their roles and act as a variable in both domestic and international role contestations. Further, they examine the redefinition of roles of countries and the international organizations that have been central to the US and western dominated world order, including major powers in the world (the US, Russia, China, Britain etc.) as well as the European Union, NATO, and ASEAN. By looking at international organizations, this text moves beyond the traditional subjects of role theory in the study of international relations, to examine how roles are contested in non-state actors. National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium is the first attempt to delve into the individual motivations of states to seek role transition. As such, it is ideal for those teaching and studying both theory and method in international relations and foreign policy analysis.

Turkey's Relations With Israel

Download Turkey's Relations With Israel PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351859439
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Turkey's Relations With Israel by : Ekavi Athanassopoulou

Download or read book Turkey's Relations With Israel written by Ekavi Athanassopoulou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-12-03 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first comprehensive history and analysis of Turkey’s relations with Israel since 1948, when the state of Israel was established, up until 2010 and places them within the wider framework of Turkey’s foreign policy. It highlights the remarkable lack of consistency in Turkey’s foreign policy towards Israel, under different Turkish governments, which has given the relationship a pervasive sense of unpredictability. Combining empirical-analytical evidence with role theory insights, as developed in Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), it explores Turkish foreign policy makers’ perceptions regarding the proper role and function of the country in the international system and the sub-system of the Middle East and how they affected the policy towards Israel. The author argues that Ankara’s ambivalent policy towards Israel for over sixty years can be explained by Turkey's multiple and often contradictory national role conceptions. The study, which draws from archival material and over fifty interviews with Turkish, Israeli, American and Arab officials and experts, places Ankara’s policy into a larger analytical framework, which helps link the past to the present and future. The book is essential reading for students and scholars interested in understanding Turkey's foreign policy in general and towards the Middle East in particular.

Models of Social Intervention

Download Models of Social Intervention PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1036413209
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (364 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Models of Social Intervention by : Derling Jose Mendoza Velazco

Download or read book Models of Social Intervention written by Derling Jose Mendoza Velazco and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2024-10-19 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses several fundamental aspects of social work practice. From a qualitative and exploratory perspective, the book analyses pre-professional practices in the formation of social workers by contrasting the perspectives of students, institutional supervisors and university lecturers. Areas of opportunity in training are identified, such as handling personal and family crises of high conflict, the lack of specialised knowledge according to intervention areas, and limited participation in technical processes. The book proposes strengthening communication, mediation and emotional support skills, as well as incorporating optional courses and specific diplomas to fill these gaps. Methodologically, the book is based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups, allowing a systemic understanding of the educational phenomenon from the voice of the main actors. Together, this work offers an enriching overview of the challenges and opportunities in the practical training of social workers, laying the foundations for improving the quality of these training processes.

The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis

Download The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198843062
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis by : Juliet Kaarbo

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis written by Juliet Kaarbo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis provides an inclusive and forward-looking assessment of this subfield. Edited and written by a team of word-class scholars, it sets the agenda for future research in FPA and in IR.

Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods

Download Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000816710
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods by : Patrick A Mello

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods written by Patrick A Mello and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-10 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disintegration and questioning of global governance structures and a re-orientation toward national politics combined with the spread of technological innovations such as big data, social media, and phenomena like fake news, populism, or questions of global health policies make it necessary for the introduction of new methods of inquiry and the adaptation of established methods in Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA). This accessible handbook offers concise chapters from expert international contributors covering a diverse range of new and established FPA methods. Embracing methodological pluralism and a belief in the value of an open discussion about methods’ assumptions and diverging positions, it provides new, state-of-the-art research approaches, as well as introductions to a range of established methods. Each chapter follows the same approach, introducing the method and its development, discussing strengths, requirements, limitations, and potential pitfalls while illustrating the method’s application using examples from empirical research. Embracing methodological pluralism and problem-oriented research that engages with real-world questions, the authors examine quantitative and qualitative traditions, rationalist and interpretivist perspectives, as well as different substantive backgrounds. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students in global politics, foreign policy, and methods-related classes across the social sciences.

Brazil's International Activism

Download Brazil's International Activism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100089472X
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Brazil's International Activism by : Monika Sawicka

Download or read book Brazil's International Activism written by Monika Sawicka and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Brazil’s International Activism Monika Sawicka questions how Brazil’s deep-rooted craving for greatness has led to the quest for status in the twenty-first century and contends that the categorization of Brazil as an “emerging middle power” enriches the understanding of modern Brazilian foreign policy. Drawing on the rich vocabulary of role theory, Sawicka sets out to establish an original theoretical framework that comprises the structural (status), the behavioral (role), and the cognitive-ideational (identity) to assess whether Brazil has performed roles distinguishing a middle power and how the state has reconceptualized them. The model is applied to scrutinize how ideational and material drivers impacted Brazil’s engagement as an integrator in Latin America, donor in Africa, mediator in the Middle East, and coalition-builder of developing states in global fora. Despite recent criticism of the concept of “emerging middle powers”, Sawicka argues that Brazil’s international activism stands as a precise embodiment of such a power. With an aim of theory development and contributing to the debate on Brazil’s international standing, Brazil’s International Activism provides a much-required reinterpretation of Brazilian foreign policy which will be of interest to scholars and students of Foreign Policy Analysis, International Relations and Latin-American Studies.

A Small State's Guide to Influence in World Politics

Download A Small State's Guide to Influence in World Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190926201
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Small State's Guide to Influence in World Politics by : Tom Long

Download or read book A Small State's Guide to Influence in World Politics written by Tom Long and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretically innovative and empirically expansive, A Small State's Guide to Influence in World Politics sets out to become the new authority for the study of small states in International Relations (IR). The book's explanatory approach allows for a comparison of small states' situations and relationships across a global selection of some twenty cases in issues of international security, economy, and institutions. In doing so, it shows how IR's longstandingneglect of small states is a missed opportunity--not just for understanding small states but for developing better theories of IR.

Binary Role Theory and the Dynamics of World Politics

Download Binary Role Theory and the Dynamics of World Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040184928
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Binary Role Theory and the Dynamics of World Politics by : Stephen Walker

Download or read book Binary Role Theory and the Dynamics of World Politics written by Stephen Walker and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-30 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a binary role theory of world politics extending from the micro-analysis of foreign policy to the macro-analysis of world politics. The effort employs analytical tools outside of role theory to extend role concepts from agents spatially to finitely generated systems and temporally to different phases and sequences of social interaction between pairs of agents as ego and alter. There is an initial emphasis on “thinking small” about the interactions of agents as the building blocks of world politics and then tracing the processes of aggregation that generate the emergence and evolution of larger patterns of international relations over time. Empirical case studies from different historical eras and geographical regions illustrate the application of binary role theory models to problems of conflict management, alliance formation, diplomatic engagement, and transitions in world order. The analysis employs complex adaptive systems (CAS) analysis to go beyond the study of political science in building bridges to the natural sciences by using concepts and models from the Standard Model in physics and the Modern Synthesis in biology. This book will interest an audience of foreign policy scholars and international relations theorists as well as students of quantum and computational models of world politics.

Role Transitions in Organizational Life

Download Role Transitions in Organizational Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135680213
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Role Transitions in Organizational Life by : Blake Ashforth

Download or read book Role Transitions in Organizational Life written by Blake Ashforth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2000-10 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research from a diverse array of organizational settings and occupations is included, from the education of medical students to the promotion of salespeople and from the adjustment of camp counselors to the retirement of CEOs. Role Transitions will appeal to scholars and students in the fields of orgainizational behavior, human resource management, and social, developmental, and industrial psychology."--Jacket.

Transitions Theory

Download Transitions Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826105351
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transitions Theory by : Afaf I. Meleis, PhD, DrPS (hon), FAAN

Download or read book Transitions Theory written by Afaf I. Meleis, PhD, DrPS (hon), FAAN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-02-17 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is very exciting to see all of these studies compiled in one book. It can be read sequentially or just for certain transitions. It also can be used as a template for compilation of other concepts central to nursing and can serve as a resource for further studies in transitions. It is an excellent addition to the nursing literature." Score: 95, 4 Stars. --Doody's "Understanding and recognizing transitions are at the heart of health care reform and this current edition, with its numerous clinical examples and descriptions of nursing interventions, provides important lessons that can and should be incorporated into health policy. It is a brilliant book and an important contribution to nursing theory." Kathleen Dracup, RN, DNSc Dean and Professor, School of Nursing University of California San Francisco Afaf Meleis, the dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, presents for the first time in a single volume her original "transitions theory" that integrates middle-range theory to assist nurses in facilitating positive transitions for patients, families, and communities. Nurses are consistently relied on to coach and support patients going through major life transitions, such as illness, recovery, pregnancy, old age, and many more. A collection of over 50 articles published from 1975 through 2007 and five newly commissioned articles, Transitions Theory covers developmental, situational, health and illness, organizational, and therapeutic transitions. Each section includes an introduction written by Dr. Meleis in which she offers her historical and practical perspective on transitions. Many of the articles consider the transitional experiences of ethnically diverse patients, women, the elderly, and other minority populations. Key Topics Discussed: Situational transitions, including discharge and relocation transitions (hospital to home, stroke recovery) and immigration transitions (psychological adaptation and impact of migration on family health) Educational transitions, including professional transitions (from RN to BSN and student to professional) Health and illness transitions, including self-care post heart failure, living with chronic illness, living with early dementia, and accepting palliative care Organization transitions, including role transitions from acute care to collaborative practice, and hospital to community practice Nursing therapeutics models of transition, including role supplementation models and debriefing models

Role Theory and Role Conflict in U.S.-Iran Relations

Download Role Theory and Role Conflict in U.S.-Iran Relations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1315525925
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Role Theory and Role Conflict in U.S.-Iran Relations by : Akan Malici

Download or read book Role Theory and Role Conflict in U.S.-Iran Relations written by Akan Malici and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-Iran relations continue to be an international security problem in the Middle East. These two countries could have been friends, but instead they have become enemies. Stating this thesis raises the following questions: Why are the United States and Iran enemies? How and when did this relationship come to be? When the relationship began to deteriorate, could it have been reversed? What lessons can be learned from an analysis of past U.S.-Iranian relations and what are the implications for their present and future relations? Akan Malici and Stephen G. Walker argue that the dynamics of U.S.-Iran relations are based on role conflicts. Iran has long desired to enact roles of active independence and national sovereignty in world politics. However, it continued to be cast by others into client or rebel roles of national inferiority. In this book the authors examine these role conflicts during three crucial episodes in U.S.-Iran relations: the oil nationalization crisis and the ensuing clandestine coup aided by the CIA to overthrow the Iranian regime in 1950 to 1953; the Iranian revolution followed by the hostage crisis in 1979 to 1981; the reformist years pre- and post- 9/11 under Mohammad Khatami from 1997 to 2002. Their application of role theory is theoretically and methodologically progressive and innovative in illuminating aspects of U.S.-Iran relations. It allows for a better understanding of the past, navigating the present, and anticipating the future in order to avoid foreign policy mistakes. Role Theory and Role Conflict in U.S.-Iran Relations is a useful resource for international relations and foreign policy scholars who want to learn more about progress in international relations theory and U.S. relations with Iran.

Theoretical Nursing

Download Theoretical Nursing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780781736732
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (367 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Theoretical Nursing by : Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

Download or read book Theoretical Nursing written by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text guides you through the evolution of nursing's theoretical foundations and examines the ways in which these principles influence the practice of the discipline."--Jacket.

Encyclopedia of Social Theory

Download Encyclopedia of Social Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452265461
Total Pages : 1053 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Social Theory by : George Ritzer

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Social Theory written by George Ritzer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2004-08-11 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click ′Additional Materials′ for downloadable samples The Encyclopedia of Social Theory is an indispensable reference source for anyone interested in the roots of contemporary social theory. It examines the global landscape of all the key theories and the theorists behind them, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Theories covered include • Critical Theory • Enlightenment • Ethnomethodology • Exchange Theory • Feminism • Marxist Theory • Multiculturalism • Phenomenology • Postmodernism • Rational Choice • Structural Fundamentalism Led by internationally renowned scholar George Ritzer, the Encyclopedia of Social Theory draws together a team of more than 200 international scholars covering the developments, achievements, and prospects of social theory from its inception in the 18th century to the present. Understanding that social theory can both explain and alter the social world, this two-volume set serves as not only a foundation for learning, but also an inspiration for creative and reflexive engagement with the rich range of ideas it contains. Key Themes • American Social Theory • British Social Theory • Comparative and Historical Theory • Cultural Theory • Economic Sociology • Feminist Theory • French Social Theory • German Social Theory • Macrosociological Theories • Marxist and Neo-Marxist Approaches • Method and Metatheory • Network and Exchange Theories • Other/Multiple National Traditions • Politics and Government • Postmodern Theory • Psychoanalytic Theory • Schools and Theoretical Approaches • Symbolic Interaction and Microsociology • Theorists • Topics and Concepts in Social Theory Key Features • More than 300 entries from fourteen countries • Master Bibliography • Reader′s Guide • Extensive biographical coverage of major theorists • Extensive cross-referencing