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A Study Of The Effects Of Composition And Temperature On The Structure Of Fluorine Containing Silicate And Aluminosilicate Glasses
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Book Synopsis A Study of the Effects of Composition and Temperature on the Structure of Fluorine-containing Silicate and Aluminosilicate Glasses by : Timothy James Kiczenski
Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Composition and Temperature on the Structure of Fluorine-containing Silicate and Aluminosilicate Glasses written by Timothy James Kiczenski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Composition and Temperature Effects on Minor Structural Species in Aluminosilicate Melts and Glasses by : Linda Marie Bishop Thompson
Download or read book Composition and Temperature Effects on Minor Structural Species in Aluminosilicate Melts and Glasses written by Linda Marie Bishop Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to better understand the structure of aluminosilicate glasses and its impact on thermodynamic and transport properties, this work studies the effects of compositional and temperature variations on minor structural species in a series of aluminosilicate glasses. The presence of high-energy minor structural species such as non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and five-coordinated aluminum are not predicted by "standard" models of glass structure along the metaluminous (charge-balanced) join, where they have been observed using aluminum and oxygen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two series of calcium aluminosilicate glasses were made along different silica isopleths, crossing the metaluminous join. The rate at which the five-coordinated aluminum content increases in the peraluminous region suggests that the additional aluminum is incorporated into the melt using 3-coordinated oxygen. The presence of NBO into the peraluminous region is confirmed and its value is affected by the Si/Al ratio. A similar, smaller series of potassium aluminosilicate glasses also shows the presence of NBO on the metaluminous join but at a much lower value than observed in the calcium aluminosilicate glasses. However, a series of barium aluminosilicate glasses (at a lower silica content) shows NBO content consistent with similar calcium aluminosilicate glasses; this suggests that the presence of non-stoichiometric NBO along the metaluminous join is driven by cation charge instead of cation field strength, which is confirmed to affect the amount of five-coordinated aluminum. To study the effect of temperature on these minor structural species, the glass-forming calcium aluminosilicate melts were cooled at different rates to sample the glass structure at different fictive temperatures. The five-coordinated aluminum content clearly increased with increasing fictive temperature across all samples studied, while the NBO content showed the clearest increase with increased fictive temperature in the peraluminous and high silica samples. All of these comparisons support the need for decoupled structural reactions to produce NBO and five-coordinated aluminum in these regions. Additionally, the accuracy of oxygen NMR on quantitation of structural species was tested using silicate minerals and glasses, verifying the reliability of these measurements and reaffirming that stoichiometry based methods of predicting NBO in silicate glasses remain valid.
Book Synopsis Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties by : Jingshi Wu
Download or read book Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties written by Jingshi Wu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This works studies the effects of compositional and temperature variations on the structure and properties of aluminoborosilicate glasses. Two groups of aluminoborosilicate glasses, one that has lower boron content and another that has higher boron content, have been studied. The structural changes were mainly observed with high-field B-11, Al-27 and Na-23 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In these glasses, boron is either three-coordinate (BO3) or four-coordinate (BO4); aluminum exists predominately as four-coordinate species, but there is a small amount of five-coordinate aluminum ([5]Al). The compositional study focused on the effect of the cation field strength of the network modifiers on the glass structure by varying the ratio of the two network modifiers, CaO and Na2O. Increasing the ratio of CaO to Na2O dramatically lowers the fraction of four-coordinated boron (N4), increases [5]Al, and increases the fraction of non-bridging oxygens (NBO), which was calculated based on the boron and aluminum structural information. However, variations in these fractions are not linear with respect to the average cation field strength. Na-23 spectra reveal that the ratio of bridging to non-bridging oxygens in the coordination shell of Na+ increases with an increasing ratio of CaO to Na2O in Ca-rich glasses. These changes can be understood by the tendency of higher field strength modifier cations to facilitate the concentration of negative charges on NBO in their local coordination environment, systematically converting BO4 to BO3. The effect of temperature on the structure was studied by two ways: cooling the glass-forming melts at different rates to sample the glass structure at different fictive temperature, and using high-temperature in situ NMR. The abundances of BO3 and NBO increase with increasing fictive temperature, suggesting that the reaction BO4 [logical equivalence] BO3 + NBO shifts to the right with increasing temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the abundance of BO4 species allows us to estimate the enthalpy of reaction, [Delta]H, which is closely related to the amount of NBO in the glass. In situ high-T B-11 MAS NMR was used to observe chemical exchange between BO3 and BO4 species over the timescale of microseconds to seconds. The timescale of BO3/BO4 exchange from NMR data, [lowercase Tau](NMR), appears to be "decoupled" from that of the macroscopic shear relaxation process, [lowercase Tau](s), derived from the viscosity data; however, at higher temperatures, [lowercase Tau](s) approaches [lowercase Tau](NMR). The "decoupling" at lower temperature may be related to intermediate-range compositional heterogeneities, and /or fast modifier cation diffusivities, which trigger "unsuccessful" network exchange events.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Glass by : J. David Musgraves
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Glass written by J. David Musgraves and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 1851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Book Synopsis Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties by : Jingshi Wu
Download or read book Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties written by Jingshi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This works studies the effects of compositional and temperature variations on the structure and properties of aluminoborosilicate glasses. Two groups of aluminoborosilicate glasses, one that has lower boron content and another that has higher boron content, have been studied. The structural changes were mainly observed with high-field B-11, Al-27 and Na-23 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In these glasses, boron is either three-coordinate (BO3) or four-coordinate (BO4); aluminum exists predominately as four-coordinate species, but there is a small amount of five-coordinate aluminum ([5]Al). The compositional study focused on the effect of the cation field strength of the network modifiers on the glass structure by varying the ratio of the two network modifiers, CaO and Na2O. Increasing the ratio of CaO to Na2O dramatically lowers the fraction of four-coordinated boron (N4), increases [5]Al, and increases the fraction of non-bridging oxygens (NBO), which was calculated based on the boron and aluminum structural information. However, variations in these fractions are not linear with respect to the average cation field strength. Na-23 spectra reveal that the ratio of bridging to non-bridging oxygens in the coordination shell of Na+ increases with an increasing ratio of CaO to Na2O in Ca-rich glasses. These changes can be understood by the tendency of higher field strength modifier cations to facilitate the concentration of negative charges on NBO in their local coordination environment, systematically converting BO4 to BO3. The effect of temperature on the structure was studied by two ways: cooling the glass-forming melts at different rates to sample the glass structure at different fictive temperature, and using high-temperature in situ NMR. The abundances of BO3 and NBO increase with increasing fictive temperature, suggesting that the reaction BO4 [logical equivalence] BO3 + NBO shifts to the right with increasing temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the abundance of BO4 species allows us to estimate the enthalpy of reaction, [Delta]H, which is closely related to the amount of NBO in the glass. In situ high-T B-11 MAS NMR was used to observe chemical exchange between BO3 and BO4 species over the timescale of microseconds to seconds. The timescale of BO3/BO4 exchange from NMR data, [lowercase Tau](NMR), appears to be "decoupled" from that of the macroscopic shear relaxation process, [lowercase Tau](s), derived from the viscosity data; however, at higher temperatures, [lowercase Tau](s) approaches [lowercase Tau](NMR). The "decoupling" at lower temperature may be related to intermediate-range compositional heterogeneities, and /or fast modifier cation diffusivities, which trigger "unsuccessful" network exchange events.
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decoding the Relationship Between Composition and Various Properties of Calcium Silicate and Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses by : Yushu Hu
Download or read book Decoding the Relationship Between Composition and Various Properties of Calcium Silicate and Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses written by Yushu Hu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes to decode the relationship between glass composition and various properties that are crucial to novel glass design by performing molecular dynamics simulations. The topics include the prediction of glass transition temperature, the origin of glass-forming ability, and the impact of cooling rate on glass relaxation. In general, the first two properties are analyzed by utilizing topological constraint theory. By combining molecular dynamics simulations and topological constraint theory, a fully analytical model is developed to predict the fictive glass transition temperature of (CaO)x(SiO2)1-x glass system. To be specific, this model takes composition as input and provides the prediction of glass transition temperature as output. On the other hand, glass-forming ability is an important factor that guides the manufacturing process while sometimes imposes limitations to glass engineering. Despite many empirical successes to identify and characterize glass-forming ability in various glass systems, there exists a lack of knowledge of physical details in the glass structure. Here, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of a series of calcium silicate glasses. We show that the flexible-to-rigid topological transition coincides with the compositional window that has optimal glass-forming ability. By explaining this transition from the aspect of internal flexibility and internal stress within the network, we aim to provide an alternative topological explanation for the nature of glass-forming ability. Chapter 3 is a reprint of a previously published journal article. It demonstrates the impact of cooling rate on glass transition by analyzing glass relaxation and hysteresis of a series of silicate glasses. It proves that by extrapolating simulation data, one can access the results that are close to those generated from experimental cooling rates.
Book Synopsis Silicate Glasses and Melts by : Bjorn Mysen
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mass Transport in Magmatic Systems by : Bjorn Mysen
Download or read book Mass Transport in Magmatic Systems written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-09 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass Transport in Magmatic Systems describes the properties and processes of these natural occurrences, including a description and discussions of how properties can be used for quantitative description of mass and energy transport on, and in, Earth and terrestrial planets. As the experimentally obtained chemical and physical properties of magma is scattered across literature, this book provides a comprehensive volume on the topic. Moreover, links between properties and processes are rarely appreciated. This makes it challenging for a non-experimentalist to access, evaluate, and apply such data. Incorporates information from a range of subdisciplines, from materials science to geology, geophysics and geochemistry Highlights links between properties and processes of magmatic systems Presents chapters that can stand on their own, with practical applications and a section for non-expert readers
Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Glasses by :
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics by : Ishwar D. Aggarwal
Download or read book Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics written by Ishwar D. Aggarwal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics reviews the fundamental aspects of fluoride glasses. This book is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the wide range of fluoride glasses with an emphasis on fluorozirconate-based compositions. The structure of simple fluoride systems, such as BaF2 binary glass is elaborated in Chapter 2. The third chapter covers the intrinsic transparency of fluoride glasses from the UV to the IR, with particular emphasis on the multiphonon edge and electronic edge. The next three chapters are devoted to ultra-low loss optical fibers, reviewing methods for purifying and analyzing the fluoride glass raw materials. The sources of loss are considered in Chapter 6, while the work performed on the durability of fluoride glasses is analyzed in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 focuses on the effects of radiation on fluoride glasses. The last chapter deliberates the area of active phenomena such as doping of fluoride glasses with rare-earth elements for fluorescence and lasing, as well as frequency doubling. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on fluoride glasses.
Book Synopsis Effects of Glass Transition Temperature on the Structures of Silicate Glasses, and Implications for the Effects of Temperature on the Structures of Silicate Liquids by : Mark Elliott Brandriss
Download or read book Effects of Glass Transition Temperature on the Structures of Silicate Glasses, and Implications for the Effects of Temperature on the Structures of Silicate Liquids written by Mark Elliott Brandriss and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Volatiles in Magmas by : Michael R. Carroll
Download or read book Volatiles in Magmas written by Michael R. Carroll and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 30 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces in understanding the behavior of magmatic volatiles and their influence on a wide variety of geological phenomena; in doing this it also becomes apparent that there remain many questions outstanding. The range of topics we have tried to cover is broad, going from atomisticscale aspects of volatile solubility mechanisms and attendant effects on melt physical properties, to the chemistry of volcanic gases and the concentrations of volatiles in magmas, to the global geochemical cycles of volatiles. The reader should quickly see that much progress has been made since Bowen voiced his concerns about Maxwell demons, but like much scientific progress, answers to old questions have prompted even greater numbers of new questions. The Voltiles in Magmas course was organized and transpired at the Napa Valley Sheraton Hotel in California, December 2-4, 1994, just prior to the Fall Meetings of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Composition, Pressure, and Temperature on the Elastic, Thermal, and Ultrasonic Attenuation Properties of Sodium Silicate Glasses by :
Download or read book Effects of Composition, Pressure, and Temperature on the Elastic, Thermal, and Ultrasonic Attenuation Properties of Sodium Silicate Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastic moduli of sodium silicate glasses have been measured by ultrasonic interferometry to 5 kbar (at 298K) and in the temperature range 80 to 498K. The values of pressure and temperature derivatives of the moduli become systematically less anomalous (i.e., more positive and more negative, respectively) with increasing Na2O content. Similarly, the mode Gruneisen parameters derived from the pressure dependence of elastic wave velocities, and the thermal Gruneisen parameters calculated from thermal expansivity data increase with increasing Na2O content. At low temperatures, the attenuation- temperature curves for these glasses show reversals. The attenuation peak at approximately 47K, found in fused silica, shifts to a higher temperature in these glasses as the Na2O is increased. Implications are discussed in terms of a network model.
